The document discusses the concept of digitizing sukuk using blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies, outlining some of the perceived advantages such as avoiding intermediaries, instant global transfer of ownership, and enhancing governance through smart contracts, and also addresses some of the regulatory challenges currently facing digital currencies. It proposes a framework for a global digital sukuk that could be issued on a public blockchain by a multilateral development bank to facilitate crowdfunding and investments that comply with Islamic finance principles.
The most relevant platforms overview for blockchain developers in 2020Blockchain Council
In addition to its versatile capabilities, blockchain technology still has the potential for growth. Blockchain platforms enable blockchain developers to develop apps to enhance and expand the uses and tools of the technology. Despite their cutting edge technology, blockchain platforms’ pros and cons still need to be considered when you intend to be involved in the blockchain industry.
Agriculture is one of the areas where blockchain technology could bring a revolution by solving the
existing problem of Agri-product fraud, its traceability, price manipulation, and lack of customer trust in
the product. This paper aims to demonstrate the potential application of blockchain technology in the
agriculture industry and how it could address the existing issues by surveying the existing paper and
following case studies of the blockchain start-up companies. Blockchain technology shows a promising
approach to fostering a safer, better, more sustainable, and dependable agri-foods system in the future.
While the application of blockchain in agriculture is in the initial phase and faces various issues like cost
of implementation, privacy, security scalability, performance, and infancy, it can bring a revolution in the
agriculture industry.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND CONTROLLING SYSTEM FOR MUSHROOM FARM WITH ONLINE...ijcsit
Agriculture sensors play an important role in modern agriculture. The use of sensors in various agriculture
sectors minimizes the environmental impact on crops, helps in increasing yield and saving cost of
operation. Among all agriculture industries in Malaysia, the mushroom industry is a comparatively new
and small. As most of the mushroom farms in Malaysia are small-scaled, their production capability is
limited by inadequate environmental control system and the lack of financial resources to upgrade the
systems. This paper presents an environmental monitoring and controlling system to monitor and control
the environmental conditions in a mushroom farm. It enables user to monitor temperature, humidity,
carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity in a mushroom farm on an android device by using
ThingSpeak online platform. The control algorithm is able to control devices in a mushroom farm
automatically based on feedback from the sensors to maintain the environment in an optimum condition for
mushroom growth. The measured percentage error of temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide and the light
using the developed system was as low as 0.4%, 1.5%, 2.2% and 1.34% respectively.
The huge volume of text documents available on the internet has made it difficult to find valuable
information for specific users. In fact, the need for efficient applications to extract interested knowledge
from textual documents is vitally important. This paper addresses the problem of responding to user
queries by fetching the most relevant documents from a clustered set of documents. For this purpose, a
cluster-based information retrieval framework was proposed in this paper, in order to design and develop
a system for analysing and extracting useful patterns from text documents. In this approach, a pre-
processing step is first performed to find frequent and high-utility patterns in the data set. Then a Vector
Space Model (VSM) is performed to represent the dataset. The system was implemented through two main
phases. In phase 1, the clustering analysis process is designed and implemented to group documents into
several clusters, while in phase 2, an information retrieval process was implemented to rank clusters
according to the user queries in order to retrieve the relevant documents from specific clusters deemed
relevant to the query. Then the results are evaluated according to evaluation criteria. Recall and Precision
(P@5, P@10) of the retrieved results. P@5 was 0.660 and P@10 was 0.655.
Blockchain, the "distributed ledger" technology, has emerged as an object of intense interest in the tech industry and beyond.
Blockchain technology offers a way of recording transactions or any digital interaction in a way that is designed to be secure, transparent, highly resistant to outages, auditable, and efficient; as such, it carries the possibility of disrupting industries and enabling new business models.
The most relevant platforms overview for blockchain developers in 2020Blockchain Council
In addition to its versatile capabilities, blockchain technology still has the potential for growth. Blockchain platforms enable blockchain developers to develop apps to enhance and expand the uses and tools of the technology. Despite their cutting edge technology, blockchain platforms’ pros and cons still need to be considered when you intend to be involved in the blockchain industry.
Agriculture is one of the areas where blockchain technology could bring a revolution by solving the
existing problem of Agri-product fraud, its traceability, price manipulation, and lack of customer trust in
the product. This paper aims to demonstrate the potential application of blockchain technology in the
agriculture industry and how it could address the existing issues by surveying the existing paper and
following case studies of the blockchain start-up companies. Blockchain technology shows a promising
approach to fostering a safer, better, more sustainable, and dependable agri-foods system in the future.
While the application of blockchain in agriculture is in the initial phase and faces various issues like cost
of implementation, privacy, security scalability, performance, and infancy, it can bring a revolution in the
agriculture industry.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND CONTROLLING SYSTEM FOR MUSHROOM FARM WITH ONLINE...ijcsit
Agriculture sensors play an important role in modern agriculture. The use of sensors in various agriculture
sectors minimizes the environmental impact on crops, helps in increasing yield and saving cost of
operation. Among all agriculture industries in Malaysia, the mushroom industry is a comparatively new
and small. As most of the mushroom farms in Malaysia are small-scaled, their production capability is
limited by inadequate environmental control system and the lack of financial resources to upgrade the
systems. This paper presents an environmental monitoring and controlling system to monitor and control
the environmental conditions in a mushroom farm. It enables user to monitor temperature, humidity,
carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity in a mushroom farm on an android device by using
ThingSpeak online platform. The control algorithm is able to control devices in a mushroom farm
automatically based on feedback from the sensors to maintain the environment in an optimum condition for
mushroom growth. The measured percentage error of temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide and the light
using the developed system was as low as 0.4%, 1.5%, 2.2% and 1.34% respectively.
The huge volume of text documents available on the internet has made it difficult to find valuable
information for specific users. In fact, the need for efficient applications to extract interested knowledge
from textual documents is vitally important. This paper addresses the problem of responding to user
queries by fetching the most relevant documents from a clustered set of documents. For this purpose, a
cluster-based information retrieval framework was proposed in this paper, in order to design and develop
a system for analysing and extracting useful patterns from text documents. In this approach, a pre-
processing step is first performed to find frequent and high-utility patterns in the data set. Then a Vector
Space Model (VSM) is performed to represent the dataset. The system was implemented through two main
phases. In phase 1, the clustering analysis process is designed and implemented to group documents into
several clusters, while in phase 2, an information retrieval process was implemented to rank clusters
according to the user queries in order to retrieve the relevant documents from specific clusters deemed
relevant to the query. Then the results are evaluated according to evaluation criteria. Recall and Precision
(P@5, P@10) of the retrieved results. P@5 was 0.660 and P@10 was 0.655.
Blockchain, the "distributed ledger" technology, has emerged as an object of intense interest in the tech industry and beyond.
Blockchain technology offers a way of recording transactions or any digital interaction in a way that is designed to be secure, transparent, highly resistant to outages, auditable, and efficient; as such, it carries the possibility of disrupting industries and enabling new business models.
Secure and Smart IoT using Blockchain and AIAhmed Banafa
The first 29 pages of my book "Secure and Smart IoT Using Blockchain and AI " Including Forward, Preface, Table of Contents , list of Figures, and Chapter 1. https://www.amazon.com/Secure-Smart-Internet-Things-IoT/dp/8770220301/
Coalition of IoT and Blockchain: Rewards and Challengesanupriti
IoT and Blockchain are two evolving technologies which are gradually realizing immense potential to be a decisive part of future of mankind ecosystem. Blockchain and IoT, both are envisaged to bring in a plethora of advantages including better control, communication, transparency and more significantly realizing digital trust without any third party intervention. Both of these technologieshave immense potential for exploitation in a smart nation concept. The advantages being realized are potent enough for definite implementation ahead but they come with an austere package of security concerns which if not taken care at the design stage can lead to pandemonium beyond control because of the billion plus connected things. Even atdesign stage, one can appreciate that it will be envisaging beyond control to close all security vulnerabilities and zero day’s exploits of future. But then Blockchain is an inexpugnable solution to shut all these securities imperils. This paper builds upon the advantages of the union of these two evolving technology behemoths, their union and solutions vide Blockchain to the challenges in the way ahead
Second line of defense for cybersecurity : BlockchainAhmed Banafa
With the fact that cybercrime and cyber security attacks hardly seem to be out of the news these days and the threat is growing globally.
Nobody would appear immune to malicious and offensive acts targeting computer networks, infrastructures and personal computer devices.
Firms clearly must invest to stay resilient.
Gauging the exact size of cybercrime and putting a precise US dollar value on it is nonetheless tricky.
A decentralized consensus application using blockchain ecosystem IJECEIAES
The consensus is a critical operation of any decision-making process. It involves a set of eligible members; whose decision need to be honored by taking their acknowledgment before making any decision. The traditional consensus process follows centralized architecture, the members need to rely on and trust this architecture. The proposed system aims to develop a secure decentralized consensus application in the untrusted environment by making use of blockchain technology along with smart contract and interplanetary file system (IPFS).
A.Schumacher (2017) Blockchain & Healthcare: A Strategy GuideGalen Growth
The healthcare industry needs a revolution – and it is here now. Trusted and open R&D processes, auditable & secure transactions between parties, authenticated by mass collaboration and powered by collective self-interest, rather than by fewer and fewer pharmaceutical giants motivated by profit alone. This healthcare ecosystem is immune to exorbitant drug prices, tampering, fraud, or political control. The name of the technology that makes all this happen is blockchain, a tool that will fundamentally change the healthcare sector. Blockchain will prove to be indispensable in building a global precision-medicine ecosystem that optimally connects patients, clinicians, researchers, insurers and clinical laboratories to one another.
Implementing Blockchain applications in healthcarePistoia Alliance
Blockchain technology can revolutionise the way information is exchanged between parties by bringing an unprecedented level of security and trust to these transactions. The technology is finding its way into multiple use cases but we are yet to see full adoption and real-world business implementation in the Healthcare industry.
In this webinar we will explore the main challenges and considerations for the implementation of Blockchain technology in Healthcare use cases. This is the third webinar in our Blockchain Education series.
The year 2018 is the year of blockchain applications with several ongoing use-cases coming to realization and the vendor landscape also gained more depth and a better structure after years of press and vendor hype, fueled equally by commercial self-interest and a genuine desire for innovation.
CIRCUIT BREAK CONNECT MONITORING TO 5G MOBILE APPLICATIONijcsit
Along by a continuous improvement to composite electronic devices, a safety to technicians takes
additionally become the matter to good concern, as a result to technicians' lives is in jeopardy while their
work through shutting down circuit breakers, even that even once the breaker takes been switched off,
someone will inadvertently flip to while a technician remains working. That should be a system to
guarantee safety that technicians. Also, individuals do not love switching all the time toward turn on / off
appliances like fans/lighting/air conditioners. It ends in wasted energy thanks to unnecessarily placing the
instrument. To address these issues, we tend to come up through the system through mobile app-controlled
circuit breakers that degrade wireless management to home appliances to hunt down a golem app. That
replaces a traditional breaker through the mobile app-controlled system in the on / off system, where no
one will activate the breaker, while not the word. The remote of home appliances helps a user to save
electricity. That enhances a quality of life and luxury. Additionally, a system includes the home security
mechanism against drone intrusion using the mobile app-controlled door lock system besides the
mechanism that sleuthing dangerous gas leaks. A formation of the system subtracts the degree of victim
associate ESP 32 microcontroller, the Bluetooth module, matrix 4x4 keyboards, and the paraffin gas
detector associate with a golem mobile application. The entire system is usually compact systems
The Blockchain Wave in 2019 and BeyondAhmed Banafa
We’re still in the early days of Blockchain as a technology, and so we’re yet to see the full impact that it will have on the world that we live in. Still, it’s already showing potential across a range of industries and started to enter the public consciousness, so the real question is what will happen when Blockchain technology starts to mature.
Tokenization on Blockchain is a steady trend of 2018. It seems that everything is being tokenized on Blockchain from paintings, diamonds and company stocks to real estate. Thus, we took an asset, tokenized it and created its digital representation that lives on Blockchain. Blockchain guarantees that the ownership information is immutable.
Unfortunately, some problems need to be solved before we can successfully tokenize real-world assets on Blockchain. Main problem stems from the fact that so far, no country has a solid regulation for cryptocurrency. For example, what happens if a company that handles tokenization sells the property? They have no legal rights on the property and thus are not protected by the law. Another problem is that this system brings us back some sort of centralization. The whole idea of Blockchain and especially smart contracts is to create a trustless environment.
Tokenization on Blockchain is a steady trend of 2018. Blockchain guarantees that the ownership information is immutable. Unfortunately, some problems need to be solved before we can successfully tokenize real-world assets on Blockchain. Main problem stems from the fact that so far, no country has a solid regulation for cryptocurrency.
Tokenization is a method that converts a digital value into a digital token. Tokenization can be used as a method that converts rights to an asset into a digital token. The tokenization system can be implemented local to the data that is tokenized or offloaded to cloud. Tokenization in cloud can provide a lower total cost of ownership by sharing resources implementation and administration. A high level of security can be achieved by separating the tokenization system into a container that can be run on-prem (for larger banks) or isolated in a remote private cloud.
Please join my session that will discuss tokenization, blockchain and tokenization in blockchain.
This provides a deep intro to the blockchain technology, and explores several use-cases within healthcare where it could lead to disruption and add value
CAN BLOCKCHAIN BE A SOLUTION TO IOT TECHNICAL AND SECURITY ISSUESIJNSA Journal
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a growing trend in technology that interconnects millions of physical devices from any location anytime. Currently, IoT devices have become an integral part of human lives, as such organizations are deeply concerned with its security and technical issues. Blockchain system comprises a distributed digital ledger which is shared among community of users on the Internet; validated and recorded transactions in the ledger which cannot be altered or removed. We presented the challenges of IoT devices and how blockchain can be used to alleviate these problems. An outline of how to integrate blockchain with IoT was tackled, highlighting the challenges of IoT and how blockchain can remedy the issues. It was concluded that blockchain has the capability to curb the challenges posed by IoT devices.
Blockchain and its Applications in the Finance Industry milemadinah
Blockchain and its Applications in the Finance Industry | Nida Khan the head of research | Conexcap | MILE WEBINARS
The revolution against the banking industry is taking place at a breathtaking speed with the movement spearheaded by a new breed of technology entrepreneurs. The finance industry has long been marked by complex regulations, high barriers to entry and economies of scale and this is all set for disruption by the present fintech revolution. One of the most controversial and debated topics in the finance industry is blockchain. It is the buzzword in the finance world nowadays. The rise in Google searches for the term has risen to 1900% since 2013.
Blockchain the inception of a new database of everything by dinis guarda bloc...Dinis Guarda
Blockchain the inception of a new database of everything by Dinis Guarda blockchain age
Trends and questions?
1. Redefinition of banking and relation with Blockchain
Mobile App banking finance – mobile ledgers – blockchain identity
New products and the emergence of DAO products.
2. System Legacies in paralel with advanced tech - Ethereum.
3. Distribution Strategy in a new Digitalised World who own what.
4. Super computer Cloud base blochcain solutions / infrastructure.
5. Emergence of AI IOE in relation with blockchain all connected.
6. User Experience, UI, UE, Big data and the IOE blockchain touching.
7. Blockchain Cyber Security and Value Reinvention.
Secure and Smart IoT using Blockchain and AIAhmed Banafa
The first 29 pages of my book "Secure and Smart IoT Using Blockchain and AI " Including Forward, Preface, Table of Contents , list of Figures, and Chapter 1. https://www.amazon.com/Secure-Smart-Internet-Things-IoT/dp/8770220301/
Coalition of IoT and Blockchain: Rewards and Challengesanupriti
IoT and Blockchain are two evolving technologies which are gradually realizing immense potential to be a decisive part of future of mankind ecosystem. Blockchain and IoT, both are envisaged to bring in a plethora of advantages including better control, communication, transparency and more significantly realizing digital trust without any third party intervention. Both of these technologieshave immense potential for exploitation in a smart nation concept. The advantages being realized are potent enough for definite implementation ahead but they come with an austere package of security concerns which if not taken care at the design stage can lead to pandemonium beyond control because of the billion plus connected things. Even atdesign stage, one can appreciate that it will be envisaging beyond control to close all security vulnerabilities and zero day’s exploits of future. But then Blockchain is an inexpugnable solution to shut all these securities imperils. This paper builds upon the advantages of the union of these two evolving technology behemoths, their union and solutions vide Blockchain to the challenges in the way ahead
Second line of defense for cybersecurity : BlockchainAhmed Banafa
With the fact that cybercrime and cyber security attacks hardly seem to be out of the news these days and the threat is growing globally.
Nobody would appear immune to malicious and offensive acts targeting computer networks, infrastructures and personal computer devices.
Firms clearly must invest to stay resilient.
Gauging the exact size of cybercrime and putting a precise US dollar value on it is nonetheless tricky.
A decentralized consensus application using blockchain ecosystem IJECEIAES
The consensus is a critical operation of any decision-making process. It involves a set of eligible members; whose decision need to be honored by taking their acknowledgment before making any decision. The traditional consensus process follows centralized architecture, the members need to rely on and trust this architecture. The proposed system aims to develop a secure decentralized consensus application in the untrusted environment by making use of blockchain technology along with smart contract and interplanetary file system (IPFS).
A.Schumacher (2017) Blockchain & Healthcare: A Strategy GuideGalen Growth
The healthcare industry needs a revolution – and it is here now. Trusted and open R&D processes, auditable & secure transactions between parties, authenticated by mass collaboration and powered by collective self-interest, rather than by fewer and fewer pharmaceutical giants motivated by profit alone. This healthcare ecosystem is immune to exorbitant drug prices, tampering, fraud, or political control. The name of the technology that makes all this happen is blockchain, a tool that will fundamentally change the healthcare sector. Blockchain will prove to be indispensable in building a global precision-medicine ecosystem that optimally connects patients, clinicians, researchers, insurers and clinical laboratories to one another.
Implementing Blockchain applications in healthcarePistoia Alliance
Blockchain technology can revolutionise the way information is exchanged between parties by bringing an unprecedented level of security and trust to these transactions. The technology is finding its way into multiple use cases but we are yet to see full adoption and real-world business implementation in the Healthcare industry.
In this webinar we will explore the main challenges and considerations for the implementation of Blockchain technology in Healthcare use cases. This is the third webinar in our Blockchain Education series.
The year 2018 is the year of blockchain applications with several ongoing use-cases coming to realization and the vendor landscape also gained more depth and a better structure after years of press and vendor hype, fueled equally by commercial self-interest and a genuine desire for innovation.
CIRCUIT BREAK CONNECT MONITORING TO 5G MOBILE APPLICATIONijcsit
Along by a continuous improvement to composite electronic devices, a safety to technicians takes
additionally become the matter to good concern, as a result to technicians' lives is in jeopardy while their
work through shutting down circuit breakers, even that even once the breaker takes been switched off,
someone will inadvertently flip to while a technician remains working. That should be a system to
guarantee safety that technicians. Also, individuals do not love switching all the time toward turn on / off
appliances like fans/lighting/air conditioners. It ends in wasted energy thanks to unnecessarily placing the
instrument. To address these issues, we tend to come up through the system through mobile app-controlled
circuit breakers that degrade wireless management to home appliances to hunt down a golem app. That
replaces a traditional breaker through the mobile app-controlled system in the on / off system, where no
one will activate the breaker, while not the word. The remote of home appliances helps a user to save
electricity. That enhances a quality of life and luxury. Additionally, a system includes the home security
mechanism against drone intrusion using the mobile app-controlled door lock system besides the
mechanism that sleuthing dangerous gas leaks. A formation of the system subtracts the degree of victim
associate ESP 32 microcontroller, the Bluetooth module, matrix 4x4 keyboards, and the paraffin gas
detector associate with a golem mobile application. The entire system is usually compact systems
The Blockchain Wave in 2019 and BeyondAhmed Banafa
We’re still in the early days of Blockchain as a technology, and so we’re yet to see the full impact that it will have on the world that we live in. Still, it’s already showing potential across a range of industries and started to enter the public consciousness, so the real question is what will happen when Blockchain technology starts to mature.
Tokenization on Blockchain is a steady trend of 2018. It seems that everything is being tokenized on Blockchain from paintings, diamonds and company stocks to real estate. Thus, we took an asset, tokenized it and created its digital representation that lives on Blockchain. Blockchain guarantees that the ownership information is immutable.
Unfortunately, some problems need to be solved before we can successfully tokenize real-world assets on Blockchain. Main problem stems from the fact that so far, no country has a solid regulation for cryptocurrency. For example, what happens if a company that handles tokenization sells the property? They have no legal rights on the property and thus are not protected by the law. Another problem is that this system brings us back some sort of centralization. The whole idea of Blockchain and especially smart contracts is to create a trustless environment.
Tokenization on Blockchain is a steady trend of 2018. Blockchain guarantees that the ownership information is immutable. Unfortunately, some problems need to be solved before we can successfully tokenize real-world assets on Blockchain. Main problem stems from the fact that so far, no country has a solid regulation for cryptocurrency.
Tokenization is a method that converts a digital value into a digital token. Tokenization can be used as a method that converts rights to an asset into a digital token. The tokenization system can be implemented local to the data that is tokenized or offloaded to cloud. Tokenization in cloud can provide a lower total cost of ownership by sharing resources implementation and administration. A high level of security can be achieved by separating the tokenization system into a container that can be run on-prem (for larger banks) or isolated in a remote private cloud.
Please join my session that will discuss tokenization, blockchain and tokenization in blockchain.
This provides a deep intro to the blockchain technology, and explores several use-cases within healthcare where it could lead to disruption and add value
CAN BLOCKCHAIN BE A SOLUTION TO IOT TECHNICAL AND SECURITY ISSUESIJNSA Journal
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a growing trend in technology that interconnects millions of physical devices from any location anytime. Currently, IoT devices have become an integral part of human lives, as such organizations are deeply concerned with its security and technical issues. Blockchain system comprises a distributed digital ledger which is shared among community of users on the Internet; validated and recorded transactions in the ledger which cannot be altered or removed. We presented the challenges of IoT devices and how blockchain can be used to alleviate these problems. An outline of how to integrate blockchain with IoT was tackled, highlighting the challenges of IoT and how blockchain can remedy the issues. It was concluded that blockchain has the capability to curb the challenges posed by IoT devices.
Blockchain and its Applications in the Finance Industry milemadinah
Blockchain and its Applications in the Finance Industry | Nida Khan the head of research | Conexcap | MILE WEBINARS
The revolution against the banking industry is taking place at a breathtaking speed with the movement spearheaded by a new breed of technology entrepreneurs. The finance industry has long been marked by complex regulations, high barriers to entry and economies of scale and this is all set for disruption by the present fintech revolution. One of the most controversial and debated topics in the finance industry is blockchain. It is the buzzword in the finance world nowadays. The rise in Google searches for the term has risen to 1900% since 2013.
Blockchain the inception of a new database of everything by dinis guarda bloc...Dinis Guarda
Blockchain the inception of a new database of everything by Dinis Guarda blockchain age
Trends and questions?
1. Redefinition of banking and relation with Blockchain
Mobile App banking finance – mobile ledgers – blockchain identity
New products and the emergence of DAO products.
2. System Legacies in paralel with advanced tech - Ethereum.
3. Distribution Strategy in a new Digitalised World who own what.
4. Super computer Cloud base blochcain solutions / infrastructure.
5. Emergence of AI IOE in relation with blockchain all connected.
6. User Experience, UI, UE, Big data and the IOE blockchain touching.
7. Blockchain Cyber Security and Value Reinvention.
My presentation on distributed ledger technology (DLT), smart contracts and decentralised autonomous organisations (DAO) in Norges Bank and Finanstilsynet seminar, May 2018. Includes lots of hyperlinks!
Presentation on blockchains for Webbdagarna in Gothenburg, Sweden and for BISS (Brightlands Smart Services Campus) in Heerlen, the Netherlands in September 2016
The Blockchain is a technology created with the bitcoin, which has become the world's 8th currency in terms of amounts exchanged. The Blockchain brings with it new promises of innovation in all sectors, but also of disruption of dominant economic models. By taking an interest now in its potential applications, we can be one step ahead of the next stage of the digital revolution and the advent of a "horizontal" society,
without intermediaries or centralized authority...
The Blockchain is probably set to revolutionize transactions and exchanges; in the same way that Internet enabled peer-to-peer communication, in the years to come the Blockchain will provide the means for peer-to-peer transactions under a decentralized and autonomous rationale.
HOW COULD BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY CHANGE FINANCE?MorCryp
How Could Blockchain Technology Change Finance? Blockchains can serve as a fully transparent and accessible system of record for regulators. It can also be coded to authorize transactions which comply with regulatory reporting. Read more...
8 Decimal Capital Enterprise Solution OverviewRemi Gai
Read 8 Decimal’s latest deck for a comprehensive overview of enterprise blockchain solutions and to learn about its past, present and future developments. The deck also covers numerous use-cases and case studies of blockchain enterprise implementation, including IBM, OpenBazaar, ecommerce, retail, supply chain management, Tradelens, and energy management, among others, to name a few.
Crypto currencies usage is growing in a more connected world. The traditional banking industry is being disrupted by a decentralized network, rich in computing resources and connectivity.
Full quality version here -> https://www.scribd.com/document/333257162/Crypto-Currency-Mining-Science
27 MAJOR BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATIONS AND REAL-WORLD USES.pdfYunusAdam1
Blockchain applications now go well beyond money and bitcoin. Technology is having an impact across a wide spectrum of organizations, from contract enforcement to government efficiency, due to its ability to promote openness and justice while also saving corporations time and money. This approach offers a much broader variety of applications.
Many people focus on cryptocurrencies, their speculative value, and how they may be utilized to make – or lose – a lot of money quickly when it comes to blockchain. This, however, does not do justice to the blockchain's incredible technology. Current and future breakthroughs have the potential to alter many industries.
Expanding Beyond Cryptocurrency in the Digital World using Blockchain TechnologyYogeshIJTSRD
A blockchain is principally a distributed database of records or public ledger of all transactions or digital events that are executed and shared among the participating parties. Once entered, information can never be erased. The blockchain encompasses a precise and supportable record of each solo transaction ever made in the history of all the transactions. Bitcoin, the decentralized digital currency, is that the most well liked example that uses blockchain technology. The digital currency bitcoin itself is extremely controversial but the underlying blockchain technology has worked flawlessly and located a good range of applications in both the financial and nonfinancial world. Anirvan Vinod "Expanding Beyond Cryptocurrency in the Digital World using Blockchain Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43871.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/43871/expanding-beyond-cryptocurrency-in-the-digital-world-using-blockchain-technology/anirvan-vinod
Over the last 4 billion years known history of earth, nature has not wasted even one drop of water. We can learn from nature and try to establish zero-waste compassionate circular free market economies. Islamic finance must play a central role in such a transformation.
Science has learnt from natural laws tremendously; nature doesn't waste but economics is build around a paradigm of extract, produce, use and waste. A zero-waste circular economy paradigm will be consistent with natural laws and offers hopes for a sustainable world. We discuss the various aspects of this optimistic prospect.
The 2012 Capital Markets Conference, organised by the QCB and the IMF in the Ritz Carlton Hotel Doha dated 18-19, September 2012
Reference - http://www.gsdp.gov.qa/portal/page/portal/gsdp_en/media_center/events_activities/capital_markets_conference_2012/Tab1/18Sep_Session04_TKhan.pdf
All the Islamic financial contracts that are dominantly in practice are actually based on promise not sale contracts and by its nature a promise is non-binding but due to prudential requirements it is treated as binding.
Islamic profit rate swap - exchange of the mark-up of a long dated fixed rate Murabahah contract with the LIBOR rate underlying a series of smaller Murabahahs corresponding to the date of installment payments on the fixed rate long dated contract.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Scope Of Macroeconomics introduction and basic theories
Global Digital Sukuk (GDS) - A basic framework
1. Tariqullah Khan
Professor Islamic Finance, College of Islamic Studies
HBKU
Views expressed are personal
tkhan@hbku.edu.qa
Digitization of Sukuk in the Light of
Crypto Currencies & Economic
and Regulatory Challenges
+ Blockchain by Dalal Mahmood
Based on Symposium on Digital Currencies from Sharia, Economic and Practical Perspectives
March 19, 2018, College of Islamic Studies, Hamad Bin Khalifa University
3. Digital Conventional
2017 US $12 TN
15.5% of global
economy is digital
Digital Conventional
2025 US $23 TN
25% of global
economy will be
digital
Digital Conventional
2000 US $8 TN
10% of global
economy was digital
Global Digital Assets - Tangible and
Intangible
Data Source: Huawei & Oxford Economics (2016), “Digital Spillover: Measuring the true impact of the digital economy” and author estimates
The Global Economy is transforming fast into digital economy
4. e-commerce
Assets
(transfer of goods,
for example when a
book is sold online)
e-business
Technology
(how business is conducted, any
process that an organization
conducts over computer-mediated
networks)
e-business infrastructure
(hardware, software, telecoms, networks,
human capital, etc.)
DLT
Composition of Digital Economy
Technology &
Digital Assets
Technology
Diffusion
ICOs &
Digital
Currency
Distributive
Ledger
Technology
5. Knowledge
Software
Information, Data & Big Data
Digital Tokens & Currencies
Designs
Patents & Trade Secrets
Art
Music
Entertainment & Media
Addresses
Virtual Property
Revealed perceptions and
preferences
Distributed
Ledger
Technology
Social
Media &
Internet
of Things
(IoT)
Intangible
digital
assets
Tangible
Digital
Assets
An asset which has physical form and
works through Internet connectivity or
standalone computer programs
e-business
(how business is
conducted, any
process that an
organization
conducts over
computer-
mediated
networks)
e-
commerce
(transfer of
goods, for
example when a
book is sold
online)
(Decentralized) Distributed Ledgers Technology (DLT) uses
independent computers -- to record, share and synchronize
transactions in their respective electronic ledgers, instead of
keeping data centralized as in a traditional ledger.
Trust Problem Utilization, generation
and dissemination of
data
Digital Asset
10. Intangible Digital Assets & Failure of Trusted Third Party
Double
Spending
Trust
Problem
Solution of
the Trust
Problem
---
Digital Economy
based on Proof
of Work (PoF)
instead of Trust
Distributive
Ledger
Technology
(DLT)
Knowledge
as a printed
Book & as a
PDF
Knowledge
Software
Information,
Data & Big Data
Designs
Patents & Trade Secrets
Art
Music
Entertainment & Media
Addresses
Virtual Property
Digital Tokens &
Revealed perceptions and
preferences
11. Public Blockchain with Bitcoin as the Currency,
Bitcoin Mining as the Incentive & Replaces Trust with
Proof of Work
Source: Deutsche Bank AG (DE)
https://www.db.com/newsroom_news/cio_insights_reflections_-_cryptocurrencies_and_blockchains_-_us_-_client_ready.pdf
12. DLT is:
a) Peer to Peer (P2P) network,
b) With Public Key Cryptography and
c) Decisions with Consensus, Immutable and Irreversible.
Enables the creation, saving and transfer of Bitcoin without any double
spending and without any intermediary.
Public ledger that acts as medium over which assets can be stored
digitally with finality and without any threat of fraud or loss.
Where privacy is a must and preserved
Value Proposition: Examples
Blockchain – Distributive Ledger Technology (DLT) replacing
trusted third party
Bitcoin – the Blockchain’s Digital Currency
13. A DLT Blockchain that allows Smart Contracts - self-executing virtual contracts
Ethereum also supports Decentralized Autonomous Organizations
Ethereum presents an opportunity for other uses of the Blockchain technology , in
areas of governance, management and decentralized databases.
Ethereum has various types of applications built on it which include financial
applications, such as financial derivatives, hedging contracts, digital saving wallets,
trust funds and others.
It also has non-financial applications such as wills, e-voting, and e-governance
structures, decentralized online databases.
In essence Ethereum acts a store and means through which value is transmitted and is
also a platform for complex transactions where information can be shared over its
Blockchain.
Value Proposition: Examples
Ethereum
14. Gnosis on Ethereum Platform
Create market prediction applications for : a)
financial instruments b) insurances c)
information (where insiders are able to make
bets on, for example, the price discovery of
pieces of art) d) governance (oracle on decisions
taken by governance boards) e) sport betting
Ripple is DLT international payments system and
its Consensus Ledger can process 1,500 (Bitcoin
7) transactions per second and settles an
international payment in an average time of
three seconds. 50 of the largest banks in the
world have or are planning to integrate Ripple in
their payments systems
Value Proposition: Examples
Basic Attention Token (BAT) – Brave
browser on Blockchain
Monetizing content
Eliminating hidden cost of advertisement
blockers $276 per year
See advertisements by choice
Increasing speed of Cloud computing
Medtokens on Ethereum
Medical claims on hyper ledger
Blockchain
Medical practitioners and service users
can utilize
Patients can release their data if they
want to researchers based on incentives
15. Control Double
Spending with Peer-
to-Peer (P2P) Proof-
of-Work (PoF)
Perfect Divisibility of
Assets
Global Access
without any legal
formalities
Preserve Privacy
Avoid Intermediation
Cost
Law of Large
Numbers and
Economies of Scale
Instant Global
Transfer of
Ownership
Minimize storage and
protection cost
Create perfect
transparency without
law and regulation
Digitize wealth
Eliminate the need
for surveillance & its
costs
Spread Risk and
Enhance Stability
Enhance Governance
through Smart
Contracts without
human interference
Shared prosperity
Uberization and asset
utilization
Crowdfunding for
good causes
Perceived Advantages of the Decentralized Ledger Technology (DLT)
16. Perceived Advantages of the Decentralized
Ledger Technology (DLT)
1. Control Double Spending and Replace Trusted Third Party with Peer-to-Peer
(P2P) Proof-of-Work (PoF)
2. Perfect Divisibility of Assets
3. Global Access without any legal formalities
4. Preserve Privacy
5. Avoid Intermediation Cost
6. Law of Large Number and Economies of Scale
7. Instant Global Transfer of Ownership
8. Create perfect transparency without law and regulation
9. Minimize storage and protection cost
10. Digitize wealth
11. Eliminate the need for surveillance
12. Spread Risk and Enhance Stability
13. Enhance Governance through Smart Contracts without human interference
17. Regulatory Responses about Distributive
Ledger and Blockchain Technology
Globally, all important regulatory authorities are
encouraging the development of Distributive
Ledger Technology (DLT) as an innovation and most
regulators have established FinTech and Blockchain
Regulatory Sand Boxes for observation and support
18. Swiss Financial Markets Supervisory Authority
(FINMA)
Digital Tokens are classified by purpose:
a) Tokens used in Payments will be subject to AML
regulations
b) Token used as Investment vehicles will be
subject to Securities regulations and AML
regulations
c) Utility tokens will not be subject to the above
regulations
d) Hybrid tokens will be treated case by case
French Regulatory Authority (AMF)
Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) are investment intermediation and
cannot be issued directly and must go through securities
regulatory processes for approval
USA Draft Act by Uniform Law Commission
Digital representation of value that is used as a medium of exchange, unit of account, store of value but not legal tender.
Companies should not do business in virtual currencies more than $ 5000, individuals are not restricted
States have different perceptions. A large proportion of global digital currencies are USA based. However, ICO prohibited,
money laundering and illegal act regulations enacted, cryptographic exchange tradition license scheme in force
Regulatory Responses about Digital Currency
Globally No Uniform Policy has Evolved: Singapore, Japan, Republic of Korea and Malaysia
encouraging, China, Indonesia etc., banning
Malta
Establishing Digital Technology Regulatory Authority through
Virtual Currency law
Sweden
Considering to issue Central Bank Digital Currency named e-
krona
19. Regulatory Worries about Digital Currencies
Public Interest
–
understanding
the services, its
transparency
and safety
Money
Laundering and
Abuse
Financial
Disintermediation
and Collapse of
Banking System
with unknown
consequences
Digital
Currencies
Bubble and
Financial
Instability
Counter abuse
through DLT could
be more effective
and regulators are
advised to consider
such prospects
International
Monetary Fund
(IMF)
Malaysia,
Singapore, Japan
and Republic of
Korea allowing
transactions in
Cryptocurrencies
with proper
identity of the
parties
20. Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) - Prospects
Sweden
Considering to issue Central Bank Digital Currency named e-krona
Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in its report to G20
a) A wholesale currency limited to select financial institutions
b) General purpose currency accessible to the public
Impact to be assessed carefully in three areas – a) payments, b) monetary policy implementation and c) financial
stability
A wholesale currency limited to select financial institutions seems promising to enhance efficiency of
international and national payments systems
General purpose currency accessible to the public seems to exacerbate banking instability
Careful studies are needed.
https://medium.com/@Torquecapital/a-snapshot-of-current-crypto-regulations-of-all-g20-member-states-3b5f80ffac81
Current State of Regulation in G20 Countries is summarized in this link
Singapore
Project Ubin for Blockchain-based inter-bank payments system
22. During 2017 Bitcoin Price was driven by
increase in ICOs
Market capitalization 160b $
Market capitalization 140b $
Bitcoin price
volatility is due to
regulatory
uncertainty with
respect to ICOs
24. Global Digital Sukuk (GDS) – Basic Framework
GDS is a digital and perpetual
Mudharabah Sukuk – a crypto-asset
proposed for potential study and
consideration for issuance by a highly
credible entity like the AAA IDB based
on its overall balance sheet
Total size of GDS crypto-asset will be US
$ 1 billion divided into 0.50 $ each GDS
Small denomination and very large
number of investors will spread the
Mudharabah risk
GDS will be globally tradable on a public
Blockchain for investment by individuals,
institutions and new ICO crypto
businesses
GDS will facilitate crowdfunding for
SMEs
Global Digital
Sukuk (GDS)
Public
Blockchain
GDS-
based
ICO
GDS-
based
ICO
GDS-
based
ICO
GDS-
based ICO
GDS-
based ICO
GDS-
based ICO
Source: Based on the author’s paper “Global Digital Sukuk – Basic Framework” in process for publication
25. Features of GDS
Value propositions
A global public Blockchain platform
offered by a AAA Sharia compliant
multilateral development bank
A Crypto-asset that can be used by
individual small investors globally and
Islamic banks specially for liquidity
management
A digital asset in compliance with the
Sharia, which can also be tuned with
SDGs and ESGs concerns
Potential addition of Smart Contracts
based on suitable Islamic financial
instruments
SWOT
Strength:
• Clear concept offering by a AAA institutions with global
mandate
• Small denomination of the GDS and a very large number
of potential investors will spread the Mudharabah risk
• Perpetual nature with ensure stability and continuity
Weakness:
• Internal capacity with the new technology development
and implementation
Opportunity:
Significant global opportunities of DLT and Sharia-
compliant crypto-assets and crowd funding of SMEs
Confirming with SDGs and ESG requirements
Threat:
• Regulatory and AML uncertainty
26. Concluding remarks
Digitization of global economy grows and brings a number of benefits
DLT enhances efficiency and robustness of payments systems
DLT facilitates initial coin offerings (ICOs) – many companies like airlines, heath
services, e-commerce, software etc., may gradually opt for ICOs
Smart contracts potentially improves overall governance
Financial disintermediation takes place; regulation is encouraging technological
innovations
Regulators are developing consensus to classify the so-called crypto-currencies
as crypto-assets to be legalized and regulated by securities regulators
ICOs are Sharia compliant or non-compliant based on the underlying
businesses
There are good prospects and opportunities of issuing Global Digital Sukuk by
the Islamic Development Bank
Digital currencies and tokens are expected to prevail posing unknown risks, requiring more studies
29. Current Practice : Centralized
Financial Intermediator
(Ex, Banks, PayPal..)
Ledger
Transfer from A
$5 to B
A B
Transfer $5 from A
Ledger Balance updated
A balance - $5
B balance + $5
30. Current Practice - Centralized ledger
General Ledger: A general ledger is a company's set of numbered
accounts for its accounting records. The ledger provides a complete
record of financial transactions over the life of the company. The ledger
holds account information that is needed to prepare financial
statements and includes accounts for assets, liabilities, owners' equity,
revenues and expenses. (Investopedia)
The current practice is that the general ledger stored and managed
using applications and databases referred to as ERP (Enterprise
Resource Planning) system or Core Banking system
The applications also store the Bank/company customer information
31. Current Practice : Update Balance
Transaction:
Transfer from A
$5 to B
A
Acct Balance
A 100
B 100
Acct Balance
A 95
B 105
Transaction
updates Balance
Database (in the form
of tables) stores
balances
32. Centralized ledger - Features
The customer only knows about his transaction
The Bank is a ‘trusted’ entity
Security issues as being in a centralized location it can be copied,
corrupted,…etc.
33. Concepts: The beginning (2008)
Satoshi Nakamoto (Bitcoin founder)
A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online
payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going
through a financial institution. Digital signatures provide part of the
solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted third party is still
required to prevent double-spending. We propose a solution to the
double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network. The network
timestamps transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain of
hash-based proof-of-work, forming a record that cannot be changed
without redoing the proof-of-work. The longest chain not only serves as
proof of the sequence of events witnessed, but proof that it came from
the largest pool of CPU power.(1)
(1) Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System by Satoshi Nakamoto, satoshin@gmx.com, www.bitcoin.org
35. Concepts: Digital Signature
(2) http://www.lawyard.ng/understanding-the-legal-framework-for-digitalelectronic-signature-in-nigeria/
36. Concepts: Public & Private Keys
Public & Private Keys:
• Public Key (Your address) it is made available to everyone via a publicly
accessible repository or directory.
• Private Key (Your Password) must remain confidential to its respective
owner.
• The Public and Private key pair comprise of two uniquely related
cryptographic keys (basically long random numbers). Below is an example
of a Public Key:
• 3048 0241 00C9 18FA CF8D EB2D EFD5 FD37 89B9 E069 EA97 FC20 5E35
F577 EE31 C4FB C6E4 4811 7D86 BC8F BAFA 362F 922B F01B 2F40 C744
2654 C0DD 2881 D673 CA2B 4003 C266 E2CD CB02 0301 0001
https://www.comodo.com/resources/small-business/digital-certificates2.php
37. Concepts: on going chain
Hash: XXB
Prev Hash: XXX
Hash: XXC
Prev Hash: XXB
Hash: XXD
Prev Hash: XXC
TRX BTRX A TRX C
38. Distributed ledger
A distributed ledger is a database that is consensually shared and
synchronized across network spread across multiple sites,
institutions or geographies. It allows transactions to have public
"witnesses“, thereby making a cyberattack more difficult. The
participant at each node of the network can access the recordings
shared across that network and can own an identical copy of it.
Further, any changes or additions made to the ledger are reflected
and copied to all participants in a matter of seconds or minutes.
Underlying the distributed ledger technology is the blockchain,
which is the technology that underlies bitcoin. (Investopedia)
41. Distributed ledger - Features
Everyone know what everyone has
There is no ‘one trusted’ entity
The balance is not stored only list of transactions
Transactions are encrypted. Each node(customer) has a private
key to generate an encrypted transaction and public key to decrypt
a received transaction
This makes it harder to attack or corrupt