The flag of Iran was officially adopted on July 29, 1980. It features symbols representing Islam, peace, courage, and the five principles of Islam. The centered sword represents the country's strength. The flag dates back to the 18th century but was officially adopted in 1980 after the Iranian Revolution established an Islamic republic.
Iran, historically known as Persia, is located in Western Asia. In 1935, Reza Shah Pahlavi officially changed the country's name to Iran. Iran has over 2,500 years of history and was home to several ancient empires and dynasties. In 1979, the Islamic Revolution transformed Iran from a monarchy to an Islamic republic led by Ayatollah Khomeini. Today, Iran has a population of nearly 70 million people, most of whom are Shi'a Muslims, and has a mixed economy dominated by oil and gas exports.
1. Iran is an Islamic republic located in Western Asia with a population of over 77 million people and a land area of 1.6 million square kilometers.
2. The majority of Iranians are Shia Muslims and speak Persian, with other ethnic groups and languages including Azeri, Kurdish, and Luri.
3. Iran has a long history and was formerly known as Persia, with many historical and religious sites that are significant in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
New Approaches To Africa History: Arabization, Imperialism, & Religious Dualitymaxbury
This document discusses the spread and influence of Islam in Africa. It addresses several key topics:
1) It distinguishes between Arabization (the spread of the Arabic language) and Islamization (the spread of the Islamic faith) in Africa, noting they occurred at different paces and with different consequences in different regions.
2) It examines the 19th century Sudanese religious leaders Muhammad Ahmad and Khalifa Abdullahi, noting they faced different oppressors during their reigns which led to different outcomes for their regimes.
3) It analyzes how former West African colonies like Nigeria and Senegal evolved to integrate Islam more into politics, despite colonial efforts to separate religion and state.
4)
The document provides an overview of the Iranian diaspora. It notes that after the 1979 Iranian Revolution and establishment of an Islamic Republic, hundreds of thousands of Iranians emigrated abroad, many to pursue higher education. Key points include:
- Over 100,000 Iranians studied abroad in 1977-1978, with over 45,000 in the US at its peak.
- Emigration increased sharply after the revolution, with hundreds of thousands settling long-term in places like the US, Canada, Germany, UK and Sweden.
- Iran has one of the highest rates of "brain drain" in the world, estimated at 150,000-180,000 educated people leaving per year.
- The
This document provides an overview of key terms and events related to the Middle East from ancient Mesopotamian civilizations through modern times. It covers the rise and fall of empires like Assyria, Persia, and the Ottomans. It also discusses the major world religions of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and their influence. Key figures and events mentioned include Muhammad, the expansion of Islam, Zionism, the creation of Israel, and modern conflicts like the Persian Gulf War and Intifadas.
A Lecture presented at the Video Conference jointly organized by Mutiara International Grammar School & Choate Rosemary Hall, United States. Held at MIGS, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia, on the 28th of May, 2015
The document discusses the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia through trade routes like the Silk Road. It describes how Arab and Persian traders had established trade with China and Southeast Asia before the rise of Islam. After the prophet Muhammad, Muslim missionaries and traders further facilitated the spread of Islam to areas like Indonesia and Malaysia. Key ports like Samudra on Sumatra saw early Muslim settlements established to serve the trade between the Middle East and China. Over time, intermarriage and efforts of Muslim missionaries led to the conversion and establishment of Islamic kingdoms in the region.
Iran, historically known as Persia, is located in Western Asia. In 1935, Reza Shah Pahlavi officially changed the country's name to Iran. Iran has over 2,500 years of history and was home to several ancient empires and dynasties. In 1979, the Islamic Revolution transformed Iran from a monarchy to an Islamic republic led by Ayatollah Khomeini. Today, Iran has a population of nearly 70 million people, most of whom are Shi'a Muslims, and has a mixed economy dominated by oil and gas exports.
1. Iran is an Islamic republic located in Western Asia with a population of over 77 million people and a land area of 1.6 million square kilometers.
2. The majority of Iranians are Shia Muslims and speak Persian, with other ethnic groups and languages including Azeri, Kurdish, and Luri.
3. Iran has a long history and was formerly known as Persia, with many historical and religious sites that are significant in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
New Approaches To Africa History: Arabization, Imperialism, & Religious Dualitymaxbury
This document discusses the spread and influence of Islam in Africa. It addresses several key topics:
1) It distinguishes between Arabization (the spread of the Arabic language) and Islamization (the spread of the Islamic faith) in Africa, noting they occurred at different paces and with different consequences in different regions.
2) It examines the 19th century Sudanese religious leaders Muhammad Ahmad and Khalifa Abdullahi, noting they faced different oppressors during their reigns which led to different outcomes for their regimes.
3) It analyzes how former West African colonies like Nigeria and Senegal evolved to integrate Islam more into politics, despite colonial efforts to separate religion and state.
4)
The document provides an overview of the Iranian diaspora. It notes that after the 1979 Iranian Revolution and establishment of an Islamic Republic, hundreds of thousands of Iranians emigrated abroad, many to pursue higher education. Key points include:
- Over 100,000 Iranians studied abroad in 1977-1978, with over 45,000 in the US at its peak.
- Emigration increased sharply after the revolution, with hundreds of thousands settling long-term in places like the US, Canada, Germany, UK and Sweden.
- Iran has one of the highest rates of "brain drain" in the world, estimated at 150,000-180,000 educated people leaving per year.
- The
This document provides an overview of key terms and events related to the Middle East from ancient Mesopotamian civilizations through modern times. It covers the rise and fall of empires like Assyria, Persia, and the Ottomans. It also discusses the major world religions of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and their influence. Key figures and events mentioned include Muhammad, the expansion of Islam, Zionism, the creation of Israel, and modern conflicts like the Persian Gulf War and Intifadas.
A Lecture presented at the Video Conference jointly organized by Mutiara International Grammar School & Choate Rosemary Hall, United States. Held at MIGS, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia, on the 28th of May, 2015
The document discusses the spread of Islam to Southeast Asia through trade routes like the Silk Road. It describes how Arab and Persian traders had established trade with China and Southeast Asia before the rise of Islam. After the prophet Muhammad, Muslim missionaries and traders further facilitated the spread of Islam to areas like Indonesia and Malaysia. Key ports like Samudra on Sumatra saw early Muslim settlements established to serve the trade between the Middle East and China. Over time, intermarriage and efforts of Muslim missionaries led to the conversion and establishment of Islamic kingdoms in the region.
This document provides an overview of modules covering Middle Eastern politics. Module 1 introduces Islam, the predominant religion of the region, and provides a brief history of the Middle East. It discusses the legacy of colonialism, including the Balfour Declaration and the Sykes-Picot Agreement, which divided the region and led to ongoing conflicts. Module 2 examines the Arab-Israeli conflict, oil resources, and Western interests. Module 3 discusses democracy, the Arab Spring, and the role of the military. Module 4 analyzes radical and political Islam, terrorist groups, the migrant crisis, and parallels with Central Europe. The overall aim is to develop understanding of dynamic transformations in the Middle East and their global consequences.
The document summarizes the origins and spread of Islam. It began in the 7th century in the Middle East, founded by the prophet Muhammad. Key beliefs include monotheism, five pillars of faith, and following the teachings of the Quran. Islam then spread through military conquests and missionary work across Africa, Asia, and parts of Europe. Several Islamic empires arose and fell from the 7th to 16th centuries, including Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Ottoman caliphates, establishing centers of culture and learning.
My lecture eight on arab israel conflict-part IDr. Afroz Alam
This document provides an overview of the Arab-Israeli conflict and the history of Israel/Palestine in three parts:
1) It outlines the geographical context and religious-historical origins of competing claims to the land.
2) It describes the rise of political Zionism in the late 19th century and the establishment of the British Mandate after World War I, exacerbating tensions between Jews and Arabs.
3) It details the major events from the 1920s to 1940s that led to increased violence and the declaration of Israel's independence in 1948, including immigration, uprisings, and Britain's shifting policies on Zionism.
Taliban and Al Qaeda, culural sociology , Sage 2012A.R.M. Imtiyaz
The document discusses the origins and ideologies of the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. It states that the Taliban emerged in the 1990s from madrassas in Pakistan and captured control of Afghanistan in 1996. They imposed a strict interpretation of Sharia law and severely restricted women's rights. Al-Qaeda was formed by Osama Bin Laden in 1988 with the goal of defeating foreign occupation in Muslim lands and establishing a global caliphate. It carried out terrorist attacks against the US in response to American presence in the Middle East. Both groups employed Islamic symbols to garner support but their extreme interpretations of Islam were rejected by many.
A compendium of Adv. Oded Vosok (Kami) articles. Adv. Oded VOSOUK is an expert on the Persian language and culture, with vast experience in litigation, white collar, class actions and handling Iranian-Jews legal and commercial issues.
Adv. Kambiz (Oded) Vosouk was born in Iran and immigrated to Israel at the age of 14 and in the same year was awarded the matriculation certificate. He enlisted in the 8200 unit in the IDF and headed an intelligence research department and later participated in international projects of the Ministry of Defense and the Prime Minister's Office. He speaks Persian language and is author of a book for the study of the Persian language as well as published a number of various articles including on the restitution of the assets of the Iranians after the 79th revolution in Iran.
Kambiz holds a bachelor's and master's degree in law with honors and has worked in a number of very large law firms and also worked for a number of years as a lawyer in the legal department of the Ministry of the Environment. Kambiz is very active among the Iranian community and advises them in various areas of law.
אגודת מאמרים, מחשבות, חוות דעת ופרסומים מאת עו"ד עודד ווסוק, עורך דין מומחה לתרבות ולשפה הפרסית, עם נסיון רב בליטיגציה, צוארון לבן, תביעות ייצוגיות, איכות הסביבה וטיפול בעולי אירן.
edited by Gabriel Hayon
Iran has been governed as an Islamic republic since the 1979 revolution overthrew the monarchy. It has a population of over 68 million, most of whom are Shi'a Muslims. Supreme power is held by the Supreme Leader, currently Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. The president is elected to a four-year term. Iran has faced international pressure and sanctions over its nuclear program and human rights record.
The document provides a historical overview of the Jewish people from biblical times to the Roman period in 3-4 sentences per section. It covers their origins in Mesopotamia, establishment of a kingdom under Saul and David, division of the kingdom, exile and return to Palestine under Persian rule, Hellenistic and Roman periods including the Maccabean revolt, and rule under Herod the Great while under Roman occupation.
This document provides an overview of West, Inner, and South Asia from ancient times to 1000 CE. It discusses the major empires that emerged, including the Achaemenid Empire in Iran, the Seleucid Empire, the Parthian Empire, the Sasanid Empire in Iran, and the Maurya Empire in India. For each empire, it summarizes the key factors in their rise, social and economic institutions, and religious developments. It also describes other groups that influenced the region like the Indo-Greeks, Scythians, and Kushans. The overall purpose is to outline the political and cultural history of Asia during this time period.
The document provides background information on modern Iranian history from the early 20th century to present day. It summarizes that Iran traces its roots back to the Persian Empire; the majority Shia population believes in clerical rule in the absence of the Hidden Imam; and the 1979 revolution overthrew the Western-backed Shah and established an Islamic republic led by Ayatollah Khomeini. Tensions remain between reformists seeking greater political and social freedoms and hardliners advocating strict adherence to Islamic principles.
This document provides an overview of religion, politics, and oil in Southwest Asia, focusing on three main regions: the Arabian Peninsula, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Northeast. It describes the dominant religions of Islam and various sects, the impact of colonialism and formation of nation states after World War I, and ongoing conflicts over land and political power between religious and ethnic groups. A key theme is the role of oil in power dynamics and economic development in the region. Modern life combines aspects of traditional religion and 21st century technology and globalization.
Source: Looking Glass Publications
By Linda Lavender, Writer / Robin Barnett, Editor
Understanding the past proxies is relevant to the recent unrest in the Middle East, which is often mischaracterized as a purely sectarian conflict. While clearly there is a sectarian component to ongoing unrest in the region, the conflicts, both latent and manifest within Lebanon, Iraq, Syria and Yemen are often reported as a struggle between opposing religious sects - Sunnis and Shiites. However, according to F. Gregory Gause of the Brookings Institution, the best way to understand regional politics and the current unrest in the Middle East is through a Cold War framework between Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Iran where the central issue is that of regional hegemony.
The Umayyad Caliphate established the first Islamic empire in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal) following the Islamic conquest of Hispania in the early 8th century. The empire derived power from uniting the Muslim community and allowing extensive conquest and taxation of non-Muslims. Islam played an important role in establishing the caliphate and uniting the Muslim community. The empire had a significant impact through establishing trade routes and cultural/intellectual centers.
The document provides a history of the Middle East, beginning with the origins of civilization in Mesopotamia around 3500 BC. It discusses the founding of the major monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and the establishment of the Ottoman Empire in the region. Key events covered include the creation of Israel in 1948, the founding of the Palestinian Liberation Organization in 1964, wars between Israel and neighboring states, and conflicts in Iraq including the Gulf War and US-led invasion in 2003.
The document provides a history of the Middle East, beginning with the origins of civilization in Mesopotamia around 3500 BC. It discusses the founding of the major monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and the establishment of the Ottoman Empire in the region. Key events covered include the creation of Israel in 1948, the founding of the Palestinian Liberation Organization in 1964, wars between Israel and neighboring states, and conflicts in Iraq including the Gulf War and US-led invasion in 2003.
What is iran doing in iraq how important is iran in the ground war against isismmangusta
Iran is playing a major role in fighting ISIS in Iraq by supporting Shiite militias and working directly with Iraqi security forces. It is seeking to prevent ISIS and other Sunni extremist groups from taking power in Iraq, maintain Shiite political dominance, and demonstrate its importance in the region. While both the US and Iran want to preserve Iraq's territorial integrity and defeat ISIS, they have different goals in Syria and approaches to addressing Sunni grievances that complicate their strategies.
1) The documentary profiles Prince Abdul Rahman Ibrahima Sori, a Muslim prince from Guinea who was captured and sold into slavery in America.
2) It relates to the book "Servants of Allah" by showing how enslaved Muslims maintained their faith and communities despite hostility. The book provides examples of how Islam survived and influenced African American and Caribbean cultures.
3) The documentary and book both highlight the overlooked history of Muslim slaves and the strength of their faith and perseverance during slavery.
1) A new religion called Islam was founded in Arabia by the prophet Muhammad in the 600s and spread throughout the region.
2) Three major Islamic empires, the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires, arose between the 1400s-1800s and controlled large parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa.
3) Muslim scholars and artists made significant contributions to science, philosophy, literature, architecture and the arts.
Influence of Muslim Thought on the West- Educ 113salman saga
This document discusses the influence of Muslim thought on Western thinkers and philosophy from the 8th-15th centuries. It notes that Muslim scholars introduced humanism, the historical sciences using the scientific method, and helped harmonize philosophy with faith in the West. Figures like Ibn Sina, Al-Ghazali, and Averroes (Ibn Rushd) influenced Western mysticism and thinkers including Aquinas, Descartes, and Spinoza through their emphasis on reason and attempts to integrate philosophy and religion. Their works stimulated the Italian Renaissance and shaped European thought up through Immanuel Kant.
The Attitude of Christians Towards the First Muslim Fath (conquest) of Islami...islamicjerusalem
This document analyzes the attitudes of Christians in Jerusalem towards the first Muslim conquest in the 7th century CE. Scholars have differing views, with some arguing Christians resisted the Muslim forces, while others argue some Christian sects welcomed the conquest to escape Byzantine persecution. The document examines the religious divisions among Jerusalem's Christians at the time and the debates between those who saw Christians as uniformly opposing the conquest versus those who believe attitudes varied among religious groups. It aims to move beyond overgeneralizations and understand a complex historical situation.
Islamic Revolution in Iran: Background and Aftermathtanmay mondal
The Iranian Revolution of 1979 overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established Iran as an Islamic republic. Led by Ayatollah Khomeini, the revolution erupted amid widespread public dissatisfaction with the Westernization policies of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the brutal methods of his secret police. Protests and strikes paralyzed the country in late 1978. In early 1979, the Shah fled Iran and Khomeini returned from exile, consolidating control and declaring an Islamic republic. The revolution had major social, political, and economic impacts both within Iran and internationally, including the U.S. hostage crisis.
1) In 1935, Iran's ruler insisted the country's name be changed from Persia to Iran.
2) In 1979, widespread demonstrations and unrest led to the overthrow of the Shah and the establishment of an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Khomeini.
3) The Iranian Revolution transformed Iran from a pro-Western monarchy to a populist theocratic republic led by clerics, with the Ayatollah serving as the Supreme Leader.
This document provides an overview of modules covering Middle Eastern politics. Module 1 introduces Islam, the predominant religion of the region, and provides a brief history of the Middle East. It discusses the legacy of colonialism, including the Balfour Declaration and the Sykes-Picot Agreement, which divided the region and led to ongoing conflicts. Module 2 examines the Arab-Israeli conflict, oil resources, and Western interests. Module 3 discusses democracy, the Arab Spring, and the role of the military. Module 4 analyzes radical and political Islam, terrorist groups, the migrant crisis, and parallels with Central Europe. The overall aim is to develop understanding of dynamic transformations in the Middle East and their global consequences.
The document summarizes the origins and spread of Islam. It began in the 7th century in the Middle East, founded by the prophet Muhammad. Key beliefs include monotheism, five pillars of faith, and following the teachings of the Quran. Islam then spread through military conquests and missionary work across Africa, Asia, and parts of Europe. Several Islamic empires arose and fell from the 7th to 16th centuries, including Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Ottoman caliphates, establishing centers of culture and learning.
My lecture eight on arab israel conflict-part IDr. Afroz Alam
This document provides an overview of the Arab-Israeli conflict and the history of Israel/Palestine in three parts:
1) It outlines the geographical context and religious-historical origins of competing claims to the land.
2) It describes the rise of political Zionism in the late 19th century and the establishment of the British Mandate after World War I, exacerbating tensions between Jews and Arabs.
3) It details the major events from the 1920s to 1940s that led to increased violence and the declaration of Israel's independence in 1948, including immigration, uprisings, and Britain's shifting policies on Zionism.
Taliban and Al Qaeda, culural sociology , Sage 2012A.R.M. Imtiyaz
The document discusses the origins and ideologies of the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. It states that the Taliban emerged in the 1990s from madrassas in Pakistan and captured control of Afghanistan in 1996. They imposed a strict interpretation of Sharia law and severely restricted women's rights. Al-Qaeda was formed by Osama Bin Laden in 1988 with the goal of defeating foreign occupation in Muslim lands and establishing a global caliphate. It carried out terrorist attacks against the US in response to American presence in the Middle East. Both groups employed Islamic symbols to garner support but their extreme interpretations of Islam were rejected by many.
A compendium of Adv. Oded Vosok (Kami) articles. Adv. Oded VOSOUK is an expert on the Persian language and culture, with vast experience in litigation, white collar, class actions and handling Iranian-Jews legal and commercial issues.
Adv. Kambiz (Oded) Vosouk was born in Iran and immigrated to Israel at the age of 14 and in the same year was awarded the matriculation certificate. He enlisted in the 8200 unit in the IDF and headed an intelligence research department and later participated in international projects of the Ministry of Defense and the Prime Minister's Office. He speaks Persian language and is author of a book for the study of the Persian language as well as published a number of various articles including on the restitution of the assets of the Iranians after the 79th revolution in Iran.
Kambiz holds a bachelor's and master's degree in law with honors and has worked in a number of very large law firms and also worked for a number of years as a lawyer in the legal department of the Ministry of the Environment. Kambiz is very active among the Iranian community and advises them in various areas of law.
אגודת מאמרים, מחשבות, חוות דעת ופרסומים מאת עו"ד עודד ווסוק, עורך דין מומחה לתרבות ולשפה הפרסית, עם נסיון רב בליטיגציה, צוארון לבן, תביעות ייצוגיות, איכות הסביבה וטיפול בעולי אירן.
edited by Gabriel Hayon
Iran has been governed as an Islamic republic since the 1979 revolution overthrew the monarchy. It has a population of over 68 million, most of whom are Shi'a Muslims. Supreme power is held by the Supreme Leader, currently Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. The president is elected to a four-year term. Iran has faced international pressure and sanctions over its nuclear program and human rights record.
The document provides a historical overview of the Jewish people from biblical times to the Roman period in 3-4 sentences per section. It covers their origins in Mesopotamia, establishment of a kingdom under Saul and David, division of the kingdom, exile and return to Palestine under Persian rule, Hellenistic and Roman periods including the Maccabean revolt, and rule under Herod the Great while under Roman occupation.
This document provides an overview of West, Inner, and South Asia from ancient times to 1000 CE. It discusses the major empires that emerged, including the Achaemenid Empire in Iran, the Seleucid Empire, the Parthian Empire, the Sasanid Empire in Iran, and the Maurya Empire in India. For each empire, it summarizes the key factors in their rise, social and economic institutions, and religious developments. It also describes other groups that influenced the region like the Indo-Greeks, Scythians, and Kushans. The overall purpose is to outline the political and cultural history of Asia during this time period.
The document provides background information on modern Iranian history from the early 20th century to present day. It summarizes that Iran traces its roots back to the Persian Empire; the majority Shia population believes in clerical rule in the absence of the Hidden Imam; and the 1979 revolution overthrew the Western-backed Shah and established an Islamic republic led by Ayatollah Khomeini. Tensions remain between reformists seeking greater political and social freedoms and hardliners advocating strict adherence to Islamic principles.
This document provides an overview of religion, politics, and oil in Southwest Asia, focusing on three main regions: the Arabian Peninsula, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Northeast. It describes the dominant religions of Islam and various sects, the impact of colonialism and formation of nation states after World War I, and ongoing conflicts over land and political power between religious and ethnic groups. A key theme is the role of oil in power dynamics and economic development in the region. Modern life combines aspects of traditional religion and 21st century technology and globalization.
Source: Looking Glass Publications
By Linda Lavender, Writer / Robin Barnett, Editor
Understanding the past proxies is relevant to the recent unrest in the Middle East, which is often mischaracterized as a purely sectarian conflict. While clearly there is a sectarian component to ongoing unrest in the region, the conflicts, both latent and manifest within Lebanon, Iraq, Syria and Yemen are often reported as a struggle between opposing religious sects - Sunnis and Shiites. However, according to F. Gregory Gause of the Brookings Institution, the best way to understand regional politics and the current unrest in the Middle East is through a Cold War framework between Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Iran where the central issue is that of regional hegemony.
The Umayyad Caliphate established the first Islamic empire in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal) following the Islamic conquest of Hispania in the early 8th century. The empire derived power from uniting the Muslim community and allowing extensive conquest and taxation of non-Muslims. Islam played an important role in establishing the caliphate and uniting the Muslim community. The empire had a significant impact through establishing trade routes and cultural/intellectual centers.
The document provides a history of the Middle East, beginning with the origins of civilization in Mesopotamia around 3500 BC. It discusses the founding of the major monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and the establishment of the Ottoman Empire in the region. Key events covered include the creation of Israel in 1948, the founding of the Palestinian Liberation Organization in 1964, wars between Israel and neighboring states, and conflicts in Iraq including the Gulf War and US-led invasion in 2003.
The document provides a history of the Middle East, beginning with the origins of civilization in Mesopotamia around 3500 BC. It discusses the founding of the major monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and the establishment of the Ottoman Empire in the region. Key events covered include the creation of Israel in 1948, the founding of the Palestinian Liberation Organization in 1964, wars between Israel and neighboring states, and conflicts in Iraq including the Gulf War and US-led invasion in 2003.
What is iran doing in iraq how important is iran in the ground war against isismmangusta
Iran is playing a major role in fighting ISIS in Iraq by supporting Shiite militias and working directly with Iraqi security forces. It is seeking to prevent ISIS and other Sunni extremist groups from taking power in Iraq, maintain Shiite political dominance, and demonstrate its importance in the region. While both the US and Iran want to preserve Iraq's territorial integrity and defeat ISIS, they have different goals in Syria and approaches to addressing Sunni grievances that complicate their strategies.
1) The documentary profiles Prince Abdul Rahman Ibrahima Sori, a Muslim prince from Guinea who was captured and sold into slavery in America.
2) It relates to the book "Servants of Allah" by showing how enslaved Muslims maintained their faith and communities despite hostility. The book provides examples of how Islam survived and influenced African American and Caribbean cultures.
3) The documentary and book both highlight the overlooked history of Muslim slaves and the strength of their faith and perseverance during slavery.
1) A new religion called Islam was founded in Arabia by the prophet Muhammad in the 600s and spread throughout the region.
2) Three major Islamic empires, the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires, arose between the 1400s-1800s and controlled large parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa.
3) Muslim scholars and artists made significant contributions to science, philosophy, literature, architecture and the arts.
Influence of Muslim Thought on the West- Educ 113salman saga
This document discusses the influence of Muslim thought on Western thinkers and philosophy from the 8th-15th centuries. It notes that Muslim scholars introduced humanism, the historical sciences using the scientific method, and helped harmonize philosophy with faith in the West. Figures like Ibn Sina, Al-Ghazali, and Averroes (Ibn Rushd) influenced Western mysticism and thinkers including Aquinas, Descartes, and Spinoza through their emphasis on reason and attempts to integrate philosophy and religion. Their works stimulated the Italian Renaissance and shaped European thought up through Immanuel Kant.
The Attitude of Christians Towards the First Muslim Fath (conquest) of Islami...islamicjerusalem
This document analyzes the attitudes of Christians in Jerusalem towards the first Muslim conquest in the 7th century CE. Scholars have differing views, with some arguing Christians resisted the Muslim forces, while others argue some Christian sects welcomed the conquest to escape Byzantine persecution. The document examines the religious divisions among Jerusalem's Christians at the time and the debates between those who saw Christians as uniformly opposing the conquest versus those who believe attitudes varied among religious groups. It aims to move beyond overgeneralizations and understand a complex historical situation.
Islamic Revolution in Iran: Background and Aftermathtanmay mondal
The Iranian Revolution of 1979 overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established Iran as an Islamic republic. Led by Ayatollah Khomeini, the revolution erupted amid widespread public dissatisfaction with the Westernization policies of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and the brutal methods of his secret police. Protests and strikes paralyzed the country in late 1978. In early 1979, the Shah fled Iran and Khomeini returned from exile, consolidating control and declaring an Islamic republic. The revolution had major social, political, and economic impacts both within Iran and internationally, including the U.S. hostage crisis.
1) In 1935, Iran's ruler insisted the country's name be changed from Persia to Iran.
2) In 1979, widespread demonstrations and unrest led to the overthrow of the Shah and the establishment of an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Khomeini.
3) The Iranian Revolution transformed Iran from a pro-Western monarchy to a populist theocratic republic led by clerics, with the Ayatollah serving as the Supreme Leader.
Powerpoint for persepolis historical backgroundtaichung
Iran has a long history, with the earliest settlers being Aryans around 1500 BC. The Persian Empire dominated the region for centuries until being conquered by Alexander the Great. Modern Iran was shaped by dynasties like the Qajars and Pahlavis; Reza Shah sought to modernize the country in the early 20th century. However, his son Mohammad Reza Shah grew increasingly authoritarian, facing opposition until the 1979 Islamic Revolution overthrew the monarchy and established an Islamic republic led by Ayatollah Khomeini.
I talk about Iran's fairly unique system of theocratic government including on the supreme leader, president, executive powers, institutions, legislature, and how elections work.
Information about Iran. The dos and the dont's, business etiquette, general information about the country. The document was created for the project Info4migrants. Project number UK/13/LLP-LdV/TOI-615
History Of The Middle East 2 Final 2009 Maris Versionricem
The document provides a history of the Middle East, beginning with the origins of civilization in Mesopotamia around 3500 BC. It then discusses the founding of the major monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and the establishment of the Ottoman Empire in the region in 1299. Key events covered include the creation of Israel in 1948, the founding of the Palestinian Liberation Organization in 1964, various Arab-Israeli wars, and the Iranian Revolution of 1979. It also summarizes conflicts such as the Gulf War of 1991 and the US-led War on Terrorism and invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq following the September 11 attacks.
The 37-year rule of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi in Iran from 1941 to 1979 had a profound and lasting impact on modern Iranian society. While his autocratic rule and westernization policies led to unrest and revolution, he also modernized Iran through infrastructure projects, health care expansion, and land reforms. However, his concentration of power and cultural changes angered some religious and traditional groups. Ultimately, the Shah's rule shaped Iran politically, culturally, and institutionally in ways that still influence Iranian life today.
This document discusses four key issues in the Middle East: Islamic fundamentalism, water resources, the Kurds, and Iran's role in regional stability. It provides background on each topic, including how Islamic fundamentalism has led to increased support for radical Islamist groups. It also explains ongoing conflicts over water rights and the Kurdish peoples' long struggle for independence across multiple countries. Finally, it discusses Iran's efforts to export radical ideology and influence Islamist movements, threatening regional stability.
Upon request I have uploaded the slides for my presentation on Iran. These slides were only meant to provide graphics for my talk, so they may not provide much information by themselves.
The document provides a detailed overview of the history of Iran from ancient times through the Qajar dynasty that ruled in the late 18th-early 20th centuries. It summarizes that under the Qajars, Iran lost territory to Russia through the treaties of Golestan and Turkmanchy due to military defeats, and faced increased foreign interference. It also discusses early modernization efforts and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911 that established a constitution with limits on royal power, though foreign influence continued growing.
Iran has a long history with periods of foreign domination and internal struggles for power. In the early 20th century, Reza Shah rose to power and established a military monarchy, pursuing reforms like westernization policies that caused public backlash. His son Mohammad Reza Shah continued state building but faced growing opposition, and the 1979 Islamic Revolution overthrew the monarchy, establishing an Islamic republic led by Ayatollah Khomeini. Tensions later emerged between reformists and conservatives, with the US viewing Iran as a threat over its nuclear program and support of militant groups.
The Iranian Revolution occurred between 1978-1979 and was led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Dissatisfaction with the Western-backed Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi had been growing for years due to his social reforms that threatened clerical influence and promoted a secular vision of Iran. Khomeini emerged as a leader of opposition from exile, condemning the Shah's rule and calling for an Islamic state. In 1978, protests grew increasingly violent in response to government crackdowns. As unrest mounted, the Shah fled Iran in January 1979 and Khomeini returned, establishing the Islamic Republic. The revolution had widespread impacts, including the formation of an Islamic government in Iran and deterioration of relations
Political outlook of Iran and motives behind nuclear capabilitieshinaqureshi16
The document provides an overview of Iran's political and international outlook from ancient times to the present. It discusses Iran's rich ancient civilizations like Elam and Persia. In the 20th century, Iran transitioned from the Qajar dynasty to the Pahlavi monarchy and then established an Islamic republic after the 1979 revolution. Internationally, Iran played an important role during World War II and the Cold War. Its nuclear program has been a source of tension with Western powers who are concerned about proliferation. Iran's involvement in regional conflicts and pursuit of deterrence against Israel also shape its international relations.
The Iranian Revolution timeline shows key events from 1941-1981 that led to the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty and establishment of an Islamic republic in Iran. It began with Reza Shah being exiled in 1941 and the Shah gaining power. Growing unrest occurred throughout the 1960s-1970s over issues like land reform, women's rights, and foreign influence. Khomeini emerged as a prominent opposition leader. Mass protests in 1978-1979 increased pressure on the Shah, who fled in January 1979. Khomeini returned and established an Islamic republic with himself as Supreme Leader.
The document provides an overview of the civilizations that preceded and influenced the rise of Islam, including the Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, and Sassanid Empire. It discusses the geographic reach and administrative structure of the Roman Empire. It then describes the split of the Christian church and the decline of the Western Roman Empire. The document outlines the history and influence of the Byzantine and Sassanid Empires, including their religious differences and ongoing conflicts. It notes that by the 7th century, the Byzantine, Sassanid, and emerging Arab civilizations were on a collision course.
The Iranian Revolution of 1979 established the first Islamic fundamentalist state. Long-term causes included the discovery of oil which foreign powers exploited, generating nationalist resentment. Immediate causes were widespread protests against the Shah's oppressive and western-aligned rule, led by Ayatollah Khomeini. The Shah fled in 1979 and Khomeini established an Islamic theocracy, imposing strict Islamic law and isolating Iran internationally. The revolution had significant regional impacts and tensions with Iraq and the West continue over Iran's nuclear program.
The Shah of Iran never knew until the very end of his rule that he was going to be cast aside. President Carter and the Shah of Iran. 1978History can be viewed through the prism of three distinct perspectives. Imagined history is written by the victors in conflict, this history most certainly is skewed and though containing elements of truth it is not entirely to be believed without understanding the perceptive of the defeated. The History of the defeated often exaggerates the brutality those who defeated them, but they can generally be relied upon for the actual situation on the ground as they were in control of their respective domain
Here is a short report I did for my Geography of the Muslim World class at MUW. Each student was given a different Muslim nation to report on, and mine was Iran. I learned a lot about Iran in doing this report. I hope that you will enjoy watching it as much as I enjoyed making it.
The Iranian Revolution began in 1978 as demonstrations against the oppressive rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and to overthrow the monarchy. By 1979, the revolution had succeeded in removing the Shah from power and establishing Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini as the new leader of Iran. Khomeini established an Islamic republic and new constitution that reflected the traditional Islamic values of the population that the Shah had suppressed. The revolution transformed Iran from a Western-allied monarchy to an Islamic republic and had significant geopolitical impacts.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
3. The flag of Iran was officially adopted on July 29, 1980. The
colors of the flag date to the mid-18th century; green
represents Islam; white represents peace, and red means
courage.
The centered symbol is said to symbolize the five principles of
Islam. According to sources, the white stylized script on the
red and green panels, repeated 22 times, is the Islamic phrase
Allahu Akbar, meaning "God is greater than to be described. "
The centered sword is representative of the country's
strength.
Iran Flag
4.
5.
6. Facts and Figures
Capital:Tehran, population 7,705,000
Major Cities:
oMashhad, population 2,410,000
oEsfahan, 1,584,000
oTabriz, population 1,379,000
oKaraj, population 1,377,000
oShiraz, population 1,205,000
oQom, population 952,000
7. Geography
Slightly larger than the US state of
Alaska, Iran covers 1.6 million square
kilometers (636,295 square
miles). Iran is a mountainous land,
with two large salt deserts (Dasht-e
Lut and Dasht-e Kavir) in the east-
central section.
The highest point in Iran is Mt.
Damavand, at 5,610 meters (18,400
feet).
9. Government
Since the Revolution of 1979, Iran has
been ruled by a complex governmental
structure. At the top is the Supreme
Leader, selected by the Assembly of
Experts, who is Commander-in-Chief of
the military and oversees the civilian
government.
Next is the elected President of Iran,
who serves for a maximum of two 4-
year terms. Candidates must be
approved by the Guardian Council.
10. Iran's Government
•Iran has a unicameral legislature called
the Majlis, which has 290 members. Laws
are written in accordance with sharia law,
as interpreted by the Guardian Council.
•The Supreme Leader appoints the Head
of Judiciary, who appoints judges and
prosecutors.
11.
12. Religion in Iran
Approximately 89%-Shi'a Muslim, 9%-
Sunni.
2% - Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian
and Baha'i.
Since 1501, the Shi'a Twelver
sect has dominated in Iran.
The Iranian Revolution of 1979 placed
Shi'a clergy in positions of political
power; the Supreme Leader of Iran is
a Shi'a ayatollah, or Islamic scholar
and judge.
13. Iran's constitution recognizes
Islam, Christianity, Judaism
and Zoroastrianism (Persia's main
pre-Islamic faith) as protected
belief systems.
The messianic Baha'i faith, on the
other hand, has been persecuted
since its founder, the Bab, was
executed in Tabriz in 1850.
14. Population of Iran
Iran is home to approximately 72 million
people of dozens of different ethnic
backgrounds.
Persians (51%), Azeris (24%), Mazandarani
and Gilaki (8%),Kurds (7%), Iraqi Arabs
(3%), and Lurs, Balochis and Turkmens
(2% each).
Smaller populations of Armenians, Persian
Jews, Assyrians, Circassians, Georgians,
Mandaeans,Hazaras, Kazakhs, and Romany
also live in various enclaves within Iran.
15. With increased educational
opportunity for women, Iran's birth
rate has declined markedly in
recent years after booming in the
late 20th century.
Iran also hosts over 1 million Iraqi
and Afghan refugees.
16. Language
The official language is Persian
(Farsi). Along with the closely
related Luri, Gilaki and
Mazandarani, Farsi is the native
tongue of 58% of Iranians.
Azeri and other Turkic languages-
26%; Kurdish, 9%; and languages like
Balochi and Arabic make up about 1%
each.
17. Economy of Iran
Iran's majority centrally-planned economy
depends upon oil and gas exports for
between 50 and 70% of its revenue. The
per capita GDP is a robust $12,800 US, but
18% of Iranians live below the poverty line
and 20% are unemployed.
About 80% of Iran's export income comes
from fossil fuels. The country also exports
small amounts of fruit, vehicles, and
carpets.
The currency of Iran is the rial. As of June
2009, $1 US = 9,928 rials.
18. History of Iran
1. The earliest archaeological findings from Persia date to the
Paleolithic era, 100,000 years ago. By 5000 BCE, Persia
hosted sophisticated agriculture and early cities.
2. Powerful dynasties have ruled Persia, beginning with
the Achaemenid (559-330 BCE), which was founded by
Cyrus the Great.
3. Alexander the Great conquered Persia in 300 BCE, founding
the Hellenistic era (300-250 BCE). This was followed by
the indigenous Parthian Dynasty (250 BCE - 226 CE) and
the Sassanian Dynasty (226 - 651 CE).
4. In 637, Muslims from the Arabian peninsula invaded Iran,
conquering the whole region over the next 35 years.
Zoroastrianism faded away as more and more
Iranians converted to Islam.
5. During the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks conquered Iran
bit by bit, establishing a Sunni empire. The Seljuks
sponsored great Persian artists, scientists and poets,
including Omar Khayyam.
19. 6. In 1219, Genghis Khan and the Mongols
invaded Persia, wreaking havoc across the
country and slaughtering entire cities.
Mongol rule ended in 1335, followed by a
period of chaos.
7. In 1381, a new conqueror appeared: Timur
the Lame or Tamerlane. He too razed entire
cities; after just 70 years, his successors
were driven from Persia by the Turkmen.
8. In 1501, the Safavid dynasty brought Shi'a
Islam to Persia. The ethnically
Azeri/Kurdish Safavids ruled until 1736,
often clashing with the powerful Ottoman
Turkish Empire to the west. The Safavids
were in and out of power throughout the
18th century, with the revolt of former
slave Nadir Shah and the establishment of
the Zand dynasty.
20. 9. Persian politics normalized again with the founding of
the Qajar Dynasty (1795-1925) and Pahlavi Dynasty
(1925-1979).
10. In 1921, the Iranian army officer Reza Khan seized control
of the government. Four years later, he ousted the last
Qajar ruler and named himself Shah. This was the origin
of the Pahlavis, Iran's final dynasty.
11. Reza Shah tried to rapidly modernize Iran, but was forced
out of office by the western powers after 15 years
because of his ties to the Nazi regime in Germany. His
son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, took the throne in 1941.
12. The new shah ruled until 1979, when he was overthrown in
the Iranian Revolution by a coalition opposed to his brutal
and autocratic rule. Soon, the Shi'a clergy took control of
the country, under the leadership of the Ayatollah
Ruhollah Khomeini.
13. Khomeini declared Iran a theocracy, with himself as the
Supreme Leader. He ruled the country until his death in
1989; he was succeeded by Ayatollah Ali Kham enei.
21. Iran Becomes a Theocracy with
Islamic Revolution
The country's pro-Axis allegiance in World War II led to Anglo-Russian
occupation of Iran in 1941 and deposition of the shah in favor of his son,
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi.
Pahlavi's Westernization programs alienated the clergy, and his
authoritarian rule led to massive demonstrations during the 1970s, to
which the shah responded with the imposition of martial law in Sept.
1978. The shah and his family fled Iran on Jan. 16, 1979, and
the exiled cleric Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned to establish an
Islamic theocracy. Khomeini proceeded with his plans for revitalizing
Islamic traditions. He urged women to return to wearing the veil;
banned alcohol, Western music, and mixed bathing; shut down the
media; closed universities; and eliminated political parties.
22. U.S. and Iran Sever Ties
Amid Hostage Crisis
Revolutionary militants invaded the U.S. embassy in Tehran on Nov. 4, 1979,
seized staff members as hostages, and precipitated an international crisis.
Khomeini refused all appeals, even a unanimous vote by the UN Security
Council demanding immediate release of the hostages.
As the first anniversary of the embassy seizure neared, Khomeini and his
followers insisted on their original conditions: guarantee by the U.S. not to
interfere in Iran's affairs, cancellation of U.S. damage claims against Iran,
release of $8 billion in frozen Iranian assets, an apology, and the return of
the assets held by the former imperial family. These conditions were
largely met and the 52 American hostages were released on Jan. 20, 1981,
ending 444 days in captivity.
The sporadic war with Iraq regained momentum in 1982. Although Iraq
expressed its willingness to stop fighting, Iran stated that it would not end
the war until Iraq agreed to pay for war damages and to punish the Iraqi
government leaders involved in the conflict. On July 20, 1988, Khomeini,
after a series of Iranian military reverses, agreed to cease-fire
negotiations with Iraq. A cease-fire went into effect on Aug. 20, 1988.
Khomeini died in June 1989 and Ayatollah Ali Khamenei succeeded him as
the supreme leader.
23. Khatami Attempts to
Liberalize Nation
By early 1991, the Islamic revolution appeared to have lost
much of its militancy. Attempting to revive a stagnant
economy, President Rafsanjani took measures to decentralize
the command system and introduce free-market mechanisms.
Khatami supported greater social and political freedoms, but
his steps toward liberalizing the strict clerical rule governing
the country put him at odds with the supreme leader,
Ayatollah Khamenei.
The parliament's reformist transformation greatly
buttressed the efforts of Khatami in constructing a nation of
“lasting pluralism and Islamic democracy.”
In June 2001 presidential elections, Khatami won reelection
with a stunning 77% of the vote.
In Jan. 2002, President Bush announced that Iran was part
of an “axis of evil,” calling it one of the most active state
sponsors of international terrorism.
24. Iran Taunts World With
Nuclear Ambitions
By 2003, Iran was fanning much of the world's suspicions
that it had illegal nuclear ambitions. In June 2003, the
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) criticized
Iran's concealment of much of its nuclear facilities and
called on the country to permit more rigorous inspections of
its nuclear sites. Under intense international pressure, Iran
reluctantly agreed in December to suspend its uranium
enrichment program and allow for thorough IAEA
inspections.
On Dec. 26, the most destructive earthquake of 2003
devastated the historic city of Bam, killing an estimated
28,000 to 30,000 of its 80,000 residents.
The IAEA again censured the country in June 2004 for
failing to fully cooperate with nuclear inspections. Neither
U.S. threats nor Europe's coaxing managed to overcome
Iran's alarming defiance.
25. Ahmadinejad Elected
President
In June 2005, former Tehran mayor Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad, won the presidential election. Ahmadinejad
was highly popular among Iran's rural poor, who
responded to his pledge to fight corruption among the
country's elite.
In Aug. 2005, he rejected an EU disarmament plan that
was backed by the U.S. and had been in negotiation for
two years. Ahmadinejad has been defiantly anti-Western
and venomously anti-Israeli, announcing that Israel was a
“disgraceful blot” that should be “wiped off the map.”
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, was reelected as president of
Iran on June 12, 2009, with over 62% of the vote.
Disputes arose over the election's validity, with rival
candidates claiming it was rigged. Protests and riots
ensued in the streets of Tehran, resulting in at least 17
deaths and hundreds of arrests.
26. Iran Continues Progress on
Nuclear Technology
In Jan. 2006, Iran removed UN seals on uranium enrichment equipment and resumed nuclear research.
France, Britain, and Germany called off nuclear talks with Iran, and along with the U.S. States
A National Intelligence Estimate, released in Dec. 2007 and compiled by the 16 agencies of the U.S.
intelligence community, reported "with high confidence" that Iran had frozen its nuclear weapons
program in 2003.
Iran launched a satellite into orbit in Jan. 2009. The launch was timed to coincide with Iran's celebration
of the 30th anniversary of the Islamic revolution. The U.S. expressed "great concern" about the move,
fearing it could lead to the development of longer-range ballistic missiles.
27. Historic Nuclear Deal Goes
into Effect
The leaders of Iran and the six nations that negotiated
the nuclear deal
In March 2015, as Iran appeared to be close to signing a
10-year accord that would scale back its nuclear program
in exchange for the lifting of sanctions.
On Jan. 16, 2016, Iran's sanctions were lifted by the U.S.
and European nations.