IPv6 provides a much larger address space than IPv4 to accommodate continued growth on the internet. Sensor networks and other applications will need to support IPv6 to take advantage of its features like automatic configuration and mobility. While global IPv6 deployment is still low at around 1%, many countries like Brazil have over 45% deployment. Network operators are encouraged to implement dual-stack networks to support both IPv4 and IPv6 and allow a transition as IPv4 addresses run out. Developers are also encouraged to update applications to support IPv6.

1. IPv6::Staying connected
Vesna Manojlovic, RIPE NCC (BECHA @ ripe.net)
Sensor Fest, Ignite Amsterdam, 24 November 2010 1

2. Sensor networks & IPv6
• (some) Sensor networks connect to the Internet
• Can your applications, SW & HW support IPv6?
• IPv6 features for sensor networks
- huge address space
- auto-configuration, mobility, end-to-end reachability
• Literature:
- http://ipv6.com/articles/sensors/IPv6-Sensor-Networks.htm
- http://www.viagenie.ca/publications/2006-05-31-sensornetworks-
ipv6primer.pdf
- http://www.usipv6.com/CES_Presentations/CES_Itaru_Mimura.pdf
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3. 3
IPv4: 32 bits IPv6:: 128 bits
4% left 99.99% left

4. AfriNIC RIPE NCC APNIC LACNIC
IETF
IANA
7000 LIRs / ISPs
ARIN
End Users
Where are all the numbers coming from?Where are all IP addresses coming from?
4

5. Hierarchical address distribution
5
Allocation PA Assignment PI Assignment
IANA
End User
LIR
RIR
/3
/32
/12
/56/48 /48
IETF

6. Feature: multiple addresses per interface
6
Addresses Range Scope
Loopback ::1 machine
Link Local fe80::/10 link layer
Unique Local fc00::/7 site
Global Unicast 2000::/3 global
6to4 2002::/16 global
Multicast ff00::/8 variable

7. • Neighbor Discovery ICMPv6 messages
- Router / Neighbor advertisement & solicitation
• Host asks for network information:
- IPv6 prefix (link prefix)
- default router address
- hop limit
- MTU
Feature: stateless autoconfiguration
7
64 bits 64 bits
Link Prefix Interface ID
48 bits - MAC Address
FF FEEUI-64

8. IPv4 IPv6 v6/v4
8
Global
routing
table
prefixes
350,000 3,700 1%
ASNs 36,070 2,730 7.5%
RIPE NCC
LIRs
7,187 2,284 32%
Global level of IPv6 deployment

9. IPv6 Ripeness - rating of ISPs (LIRs)
★ Address space
★ Routing security
(route6 object in
RIPE Database)
★ Reverse DNS
★ Routed on Internet
(visible in RIS)
Overall ripeness: 32% has at least 1*; 10% has 4*
9
http://ipv6ripeness.ripe.net

10. World top 12: allocated IPv6 space
10
other
2.7%nl
0.5%
gb
0.9%
pl
1.5%tw
1.6% it
2.9% kr
3.6%
eu
4.3%
au
5.8%
fr
5.8%
de
6.9%
jp
7.3%
us
10.7%
br
45.5%
http://bgp.potaroo.net/iso3166/v6cc.html

11. Networks that announce IPv6
11
Next 20 years: Protocol Translation
IPv6IPv4

12. ISPs: make it Dual Stack
12

13. IPv4 is running out
• Right now, you can get IPv4 space you
need, for up to:
... 9 months (July 2010)
... 6 months (January 2011)
... 3 months (July 2011)
• From the last /8, RIPE NCC will give
LIRs only one last /22 block
(2000 addresses)
only if they already have IPv6!
13

14. 5 years from now... on the IPv4 Internet
... “private” IPv4 addresses
will be the only ones
available for new
connections!
14

15. which leads to more...
Network Address Translation...
... breaks End to End communication principle.
E2E enables innovation on the Internet 15

16. • UK Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure
working on a security assessment of the IPv6 protocol suite
• http://www.lacnic.net/documentos/presentaciones/lacnicxiv/ipv6-security-assessment.pdf
16

17. Re-write your applications to include IPv6
• Application Aspects of IPv6 Transition: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4038
• Porting applications to IPv6 HowTo:
- http://gsyc.escet.urjc.es/~eva/IPv6-web/ipv6.html
- http://www.euchinagrid.org/IPv6/IPv6_presentation/
Introduction_to_IPv6_programming.pdf
• Ecdysis: open-source implementation of a NAT64 gateway:
- http://ecdysis.viagenie.ca/
• Information for Applications Developers:
- http://icons.apnic.net/display/IPv6/Information+for+Application+Developers
• A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation
- http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-6man-text-addr-representation-03
• IETF WGs: Behave: Standardising NATs and protocol translators
- https://www.ietf.org/dyn/wg/charter/behave-charter.html
• Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks
- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4944
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18. Ask your providers about IPv6
• Ask your ISP if they can give you IPv6
• Ask your equipment vendor for IPv6 features
• Ask your political representative what will they
do about the transition to the IPv6 Internet
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19. Take part!
• IETF
• RIPE
- IPv6 Working Group: mailing list
• Learn:
- IPv6ActNow.org
- GetIPv6.info
- ripe.net/training
- @TrainingRIPENCC
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20. IPv6
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