Explanation of the methdology behind the Social Progress Index for the Brazilian Amazon.

1. ÍNDICE DE PROGRESSO SOCIAL
NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA 2014

2. Nutrition and Basic Medical Care
 Undernourishment
 Morbidity due to under nutrition
 Maternal mortality rate
 Child mortality rate
 Mortality due to infectious diseases
Water and Sanitation
 Access to piped water
 Rural access to improved water facilities
 Access to improved sanitation facilities
Shelter
 Availability of affordable housing
 Access to electricity
 Trash collection
Personal Safety
 Adult homicide rate
 Exposure to violence
 Traffic deaths
Access to Basic Knowledge
 Adult literacy rate
 Primary school enrollment
 Secondary school enrollment
 Quality of education
Access to Information and Communications
 Mobile telephone subscriptions
 Mobile internet users
Health and Wellness
 Life expectancy
 Deaths from cancer, cardiovascular
diseases, and diabetes
 Obesity rate
 Morbidity due to respiratory diseases
 Suicide rate
Ecosystem Sustainability
 Forest coverage
 Deforestation rate
 Water stress
 Protected areas
 Degraded areas
Personal Rights
 Political pluralism
 Mobility
 Property rights over land
Personal Freedom and Choice
 Child labor
 Children and teen pregnancies
 Access to culture and recreation
 Familial vulnerability
Tolerance and Inclusion
 Violence against women
 Violence against indigenous
 Inequality between whites and blacks
Access to Advanced Education
 Tertiary school enrollment
 Women’s mean years in school
 Young people studying college degrees
Basic Human Needs Opportunity
Social Progress Index
Foundations of Wellbeing
MUNICIPAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE IPS AMAZÔNIA 2014
(REFER TO ANNEX B FOR INDICATOR DEFINITIONS)

3. Nutrition and Basic Medical Care
 Undernourishment
 Morbidity due to under nutrition
 Maternal mortality rate
 Stillbirth rate
 Child mortality rate
 Mortality due to infectious diseases
 Malaria annual parasite rate
Water and Sanitation
 Access to piped water
 Rural vs Urban access to improved water
source
 Access to improved sanitation facilities
 Rural access to improved water facilities
Shelter
 Availability of affordable housing
 Access to electricity
 Quality of electricity
 Trash collection
Personal Safety
 Adult homicide rate
 Level of violent crime
 Traffic deaths
 Terror
 Exposure to violence
Access to Basic Knowledge
 Adult literacy rate
 Primary school enrollment
 Secondary school enrollment
 Quality of education
Access to Information and Communications
 Mobile telephone subscriptions
 Mobile internet users
 Community radios
 Internet providers
Health and Wellness
 Life expectancy
 Deaths from cancer, cardiovascular
diseases, and diabetes
 Obesity rate
 Morbidity due to respiratory diseases
 Suicide rate
Ecosystem Sustainability
 Forest coverage
 Deforestation rate
 CO2 emissions due to deforestation
 Sustainable energy sources
 Water stress
 Protected areas
 Degraded areas
Personal Rights
 Political participation
 Political pluralism
 Freedom of information
 Mobility
 Property rights over land
 Rural habitants’ property rights
Personal Freedom and Choice
 Slave labor
 Child labor
 Children and teen pregnancies
 Access to culture and recreation
 Familial vulnerability
Tolerance and Inclusion
 Violence against women
 Violence against indigenous
 Violence against homosexuals
 Inequality between whites and blacks
Access to Advanced Education
 Tertiary school enrollment
 Women’s mean years in school
 Inequality in education quality
 Young people studying college degrees
Basic Human Needs Opportunity
Social Progress Index
Foundations of Wellbeing
MUNICIPAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE IPS AMAZÔNIA 2014 VS THE
FIRST DRAFT (NEW INDICATORS IN GREEN)

4. Nutrition and Basic Medical Care
 Undernourishment
 Morbidity due to under nutrition
 Maternal mortality rate
 Child mortality rate
 Mortality due to infectious diseases
Water and Sanitation
 Access to piped water
 Access to improved sanitation facilities
 Rural access to improved water facilities
Shelter
 Availability of affordable housing
 Access to electricity
 Trash collection
Personal Safety
 Adult homicide rate
 Traffic deaths
 Exposure to violence
Access to Basic Knowledge
 Adult literacy rate
 Primary school enrollment
 Secondary school enrollment
 Quality of education
Access to Information and Communications
 Mobile telephone subscriptions
 Mobile internet users
Health and Wellness
 Life expectancy
 Deaths from cancer, cardiovascular diseases,
and diabetes
 Obesity rate
 Morbidity due to respiratory diseases
 Suicide rate
Ecosystem Sustainability
 Forest coverage
 Deforestation rate
 Protected areas
 Degraded areas
 Water stress
Personal Rights
 Political pluralism
 Mobility
 Property rights over land
Personal Freedom and Choice
 Child labor
 Children and teen pregnancies
 Access to culture and recreation
 Familial vulnerability
Tolerance and Inclusion
 Violence against women
 Violence against indigenous
 Inequality between whites and blacks
Access to Advanced Education
 Tertiary school enrollment
 Women’s mean years in school
 Young people studying college degrees
Basic Human Needs Opportunity
Social Progress Index
Foundations of Wellbeing
INDICATORS COLOR-CODED BY LEVEL OF MATCHING
WITH THE 2014 GLOBAL FRAMEWORK
 Same indicator
 Close definitiion
 Best available proxy
 New indicator

5. BRAZILIAN AMAZON REGION
• Amazon: 772 municipalities*, in 9 States
• Area: 5 million km2 (59% of Brazil)
• Population: 23.8 million inhabitants (12.7% of Brazilian population)
5
*There are 773 municipalities – but for data gaps, Mojuí dos Campos (Pará) was exluded.

6. DATA SOURCES
6
Brazilian Government Institutes
DATASUS - Department of Informatics of Brazilian Health System (9)
IBGE - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (8)
INEP - National Institute for Educational Studies Anisio Teixeira (1)
INPE - National Institute for Space Research (2)
INPE and EMBRAPA (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) – (1)
TSE - Brazilian Superior Electoral Court (1)
SNIS - National Information System on Sanitation (2)
UN Agency/Brazilian Government Institute
IBGE and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) – (9)
Brazilian Government Agency
ANATEL - National Telecommunications Agency (2)
ANEEL - National Electric Energy Agency (1)
DENATRAN - National Traffic Department (1)
Expert Assessments (NGOs)
CIMI - Indigenous Missionary Council (1)
CPT - Pastoral Land Commission (1)
CIMI and CPT - (1)
Imazon (Amazon Institute of People and the Environment) and ISA (Social
and Environmental Institute) - (1)
Mapa da Violência – (2)
Brazilian
Government
Agencies
10%
Brazil
Government
Institutes
55%
Expert
Assessments
(NGOs)
14%
UN
Agency/Brazil
Government
Institutes
21%

7. SOURCES BY DIMENSION
Basic Human Needs Foundations of
Wellbeing
Opportunity
7
Brazil
Government
Agencies
5%
Brazil
Government
Institutes
42%
Expert
Assessments
(NGOs)
16%
UN Agency/
Brazil
Government
Institutes
37%
Brazil
Government
Agencies
11%
Brazil
Government
Institutes
61%
Expert
Assessments
(NGOs)
11%
UN Agency/
Brazil
Government
Institutes
17%
Brazil
Government
Agencies
6%
Brazil
Government
Institutes
38%
Expert
Assessments
(NGOs)
25%
UN Agency/
Brazil
Government
Institutes
31%

8. 8
AGE OF DATA
o The median date of IPS Amazônia indicators is 2012, because the
main data source is the national census. Average date is closer to
2011.
44
2
52
2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2010 2011 2012 2013
% of Data Points

9. Nutrition and Basic Medical Care
 Undernourishment
 Morbidity due to under nutrition
 Maternal mortality rate
 Child mortality rate
 Mortality due to infectious diseases
Water and Sanitation
 Access to piped water
 Access to improved sanitation facilities
 Rural access to improved water facilities
Shelter
 Availability of affordable housing
 Access to electricity
 Trash collection
Personal Safety
 Adult homicide rate
 Traffic deaths
 Exposure to violence
Access to Basic Knowledge
 Adult literacy rate
 Primary school enrollment
 Secondary school enrollment
 Quality of education
Access to Information and Communications
 Mobile telephone subscriptions
 Mobile internet users
Health and Wellness
 Life expectancy
 Deaths from cancer, cardiovascular diseases,
and diabetes
 Obesity rate
 Morbidity due to respiratory diseases
 Suicide rate
Ecosystem Sustainability
 Forest coverage
 Deforestation rate
 Protected areas
 Degraded areas
 Water stress
Personal Rights
 Political pluralism
 Mobility
 Property rights over land
Personal Freedom and Choice
 Child labor
 Children and teen pregnancies
 Access to culture and recreation
 Familial vulnerability
Tolerance and Inclusion
 Violence against women
 Violence against indigenous
 Inequality between whites and blacks
Access to Advanced Education
 Tertiary school enrollment
 Women’s mean years in school
 Young people studying college degrees
Basic Human Needs Opportunity
Social Progress Index
Foundations of Wellbeing
INDICATORS COLOR-CODED BY YEAR  2012-2013
 2010-2011

10. 10
CALCULATING THE INDEX

11. CRITICAL DECISIONS
o Utopia/Dystopia
• Three different scenarios were tested:
a) Theoretical maximum and minimum values for each indicator
b) Maximum and minimum values from the database
c) Worst and best municipalities from all Brazil for each indicator
• The c) scenario was chosen to obtain a national comparable score. In
order to avoid outliers a three-standard-deviation-from-the-mean rule
was used to determine the maximum and minimum values.
o A national Brazil unit was developed to test the comparability of the
model and its contextual relevance
• The data for Brazil came from the same sources as did the data for the
municipalities.
• In cases where the indicators were available only for the Brazilian
Amazon region, the values of Brazil were the weighted averages of the
region.
11

12. CRITICAL DECISIONS
o More than 80 different indicators have been proposed and tested in
order to define the best available Amazonian model of social
progress (43 indicators).
The reasons to drop an indicator included:
• Irrelevance for the Amazonian Context (Number of universities,
Modern slavery, Indoor air pollution deaths)
• Underestimation of the Measurement (Violence against
homosexuals, Level of violent crime, Political participation,
Corruption, Quality of electricity)
• Low Geographic Coverage (Crime perception, Sustainable energy
sources, Rural vs urban access to improved water source, Freedom
of information)
• Low Variance Indicators (Existence of community radios, Ownership
status of media companies, Households with water facilities,
Inequalities between blacks and indigenous)
• High Levels of Correlation (Stillbirth mortality and Rural conflicts over
land)
12

13. WEIGHTS DETERMINED BY PCA
o 10 of the 12 components are essentially weighted equally.
• Water and Sanitation and Personal Safety showed differences of more
than 0.10 points in just one indicator each: Access to improved
sanitation facilities, and Exposure to violence, respectively.
o Health and Wellness, as in the global model, was adjusted to deal
with the negative weighting of indicators:
• Life expectancy and Deaths from cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and
diabetes were grouped together and PCA was applied.
• Obesity, Morbidity due to respiration diseases, and Suicide rate were
grouped together and PCA was applied.
• The groups were weighted 50% each in the Health and Wellness
component.
13

14. WEIGHTS DETERMINED BY PCA
o Ecosystem Sustainability was adjusted to deal with the negative
weighting of indicators:
• Deforestation rate, and Water stress were grouped together and PCA
was applied.
• Forest coverage, Protected areas, and Degraded areas were grouped
together and PCA was applied.
• The groups were weighted 50% each in the Ecosystem Sustainability
component.
o In Annex A there is more detailed information by component.
14

15. WEIGHTS DETERMINED BY PCA
15
PCA Wt Equal Wt
Difference
(Eq-PCA)
Nutrition and Basic Medical Care
Undernourishment 0.15 0.20 0.05
Morbidity due to under nutrition 0.21 0.20 -0.01
Maternal mortality rate 0.26 0.20 -0.06
Child mortality rate 0.16 0.20 0.04
Mortality due to infectious diseases 0.22 0.20 -0.02
Water and Sanitation
Access to piped water 0.41 0.33 -0.08
Access to improved sanitation facilities 0.21 0.33 0.12
Rural access to improved water facilities 0.39 0.33 -0.06
Shelter
Availability of affordable housing 0.34 0.33 -0.01
Access to electricity 0.29 0.33 0.04
Trash collection 0.37 0.33 -0.04
Personal Safety
Adult homicide rate 0.41 0.33 -0.08
Traffic deaths 0.37 0.33 -0.04
Exposure to violence 0.22 0.33 0.11
BasicHumanNeeds

16. WEIGHTS DETERMINED BY PCA
16
PCA Wt Equal Wt
Difference
(Eq-PCA)
Access to Basic Knowledge
Adult literacy rate 0.27 0.25 -0.02
Primary school enrollment 0.19 0.25 0.06
Secondary school enrollment 0.29 0.25 -0.04
Quality of education 0.26 0.25 -0.01
Access to Information and
Communications
Mobile telephone subscriptions 0.50 0.5 0.00
Mobile internet users 0.50 0.5 0.00
Health and Wellness
Life expectancy 0.50 0.5 0.00
Deaths from cancer, cardiovascular
diseases, and diabetes
0.50 0.5 0.00
Obesity rate 0.34 0.33 -0.01
Morbidity due to respiratory diseases 0.35 0.33 -0.02
Suicide rate 0.31 0.33 0.02
Ecosystem Sustainability
Forest coverage 0.37 0.33 -0.04
Protected areas 0.35 0.33 -0.02
Degraded areas 0.28 0.33 0.05
Deforestation rate 0.50 0.50 0.00
Water stress 0.50 0.50 0.00
FoundationsofWellbeing

17. WEIGHTS DETERMINED BY PCA
17
PCA Wt Equal Wt
Difference
(Eq-PCA)
Personal Rights
Political pluralism 0.39 0.33 -0.06
Mobility 0.25 0.33 0.08
Property rights over land 0.36 0.33 -0.03
Personal Freedom and Choice
Child labor 0.18 0.25 0.07
Children and teen pregnancies 0.32 0.25 -0.07
Access to culture and recreation 0.19 0.25 0.06
Familial vulnerability 0.31 0.25 -0.06
Tolerance and Inclusion
Violence against women 0.32 0.33 0.01
Violence against indigenous 0.37 0.33 -0.04
Inequality between whites and blacks 0.31 0.33 0.02
Access to Advanced Education
Tertiary school enrollment 0.35 0.33 -0.01
Women’s mean years in school 0.33 0.33 0.01
Young people studying college degrees 0.33 0.33 0.01
Opportunity

18. COMPARABILITY: BRAZIL ON GLOBAL SPI VS BRAZIL ON IPS
AMAZÔNIA
18
o By contrasting the scores for Brazil from the global SPI model and
the Brazil observation of the IPS Amazônia model we find that:
• There is a difference of only 3.2% between them in the overall score.
• By Dimensions, the differences are -0.72%, 7.07% and 2.93%, for the
scores in Basic Human Needs, Foundations of Wellbeing, and
Opportunity respectively.
• By components, 9 of 12 have differences of less than 13.05%.
• Meanwhile, Access to Basic Knowledge is the one with the highest
difference, with the IPS Amazônia score 29.65% lower than the global
score. This can be explained because in the IPS Amazônia model there
is an indicator that measures the quality of the education, an indicator
that is missing in the global SPI model. In addition, the school-
enrollment indicators are based on net populations and not total
populations as in the global.

19. COMPARABILITY: BRAZIL ON GLOBAL SPI VS BRAZIL ON IPS
AMAZÔNIA
19
• Ecosystem Sustainability is the second one with more variation in
respect to the global model, with 29.44% in favor of the IPS Amazônia
model. In this component all indicators are unique, and were developed
to measure this ecosystem specifically.
• The Shelter component showed differences of 25.72% in favor of the
IPS Amazônia model; this is because the indicators are quantitative
proxies of the qualitative indicators used in the global SPI and are
obtained from the national census, so they can be better
representations of the Brazilian context.
• In this process of evaluating comparability between models we
found two main sources of variability: the values of Brazil, and the
different scenarios of Utopia/Dystopia.

20. COMPARABILITY: BRAZIL ON
GLOBAL SPI VS BRAZIL ON IPS AMAZÔNIA
20
SPI 69.97 67.73 2.24 3.20
Basic Human Needs 71.09 71.60 -0.51 -0.72
Foundations of Wellbeing 75.78 70.42 5.36 7.07
Opportunity 63.03 61.18 1.85 2.93
NBMC 92.02 80.01 12.01 13.05
WS 81.64 74.87 6.77 8.29
S 73.2 92.03 -18.83 -25.72
PS 37.5 39.49 -1.99 -5.31
ABK 95.43 67.13 28.30 29.65
AIC 67.69 63.44 4.25 6.28
HW 76.05 68.35 7.70 10.12
ES 63.94 82.76 -18.82 -29.44
PR 74.94 65.39 9.55 12.75
PFC 77.32 81.99 -4.67 -6.05
TI 61.77 63.59 -1.82 -2.94
AHE 38.09 33.76 4.33 11.36
Brazil
Amazonia
Diff Global vs
Amazonia
Δ%
Brazil
Global

21. OBSERVATIONS
21
o The big challenge of the IPS Amazônia model was finding the
adequate data to measure the concepts of the Social Progress
Index according to the context of the region.
o At the municipal level it is easier to find more quantitative
indicators to replace the perception indicators that the global
model uses (e.g. Quality of electricity supply).
o In this level of analysis the characterization and measurement of
the regions can be more specialized and detailed (e.g. Degraded
areas).
o This subnational model improved social progress measurement by
incorporating more reliable indicators to measure a concept (e.g.
Quality of education).
o The Opportunity dimension was the more difficult to measure
because of its specific components and the lack of data in the
region; there is a shortage of this kind of data for most of the
Amazonian municipalities.
o More studies and cases need to be realized to clarify the
comparability of the model.

22. 22
ANNEX A: COMPONENTS ANALYSIS
Wt KMO Alpha
Nutrition and Basic Medical Care 0.53 0.37
Undernourishment 0.15
Morbidity due to under nutrition 0.21
Maternal mortality rate 0.26
Child mortality rate 0.16
Mortality due to infectious diseases 0.22
Water and Sanitation 0.52 0.57
Access to piped water 0.41
Access to improved sanitation facilities 0.21
Rural access to improved water facilities 0.39
Shelter 0.60 0.70
Availability of affordable housing 0.34
Access to electricity 0.29
Trash collection 0.37
Personal Safety 0.5 0.45
Adult homicide rate 0.41
Traffic deaths 0.37
Exposure to violence 0.22
Concepts to be measured: Can people drink water without getting sick? Can people
keep themselves clean without getting sick?
Concepts to be measured: Are people able to feel safe? (Violent deaths) Contextual
considerations: Youth violence and crime is a big problem in the Brazilian Amazon.
Concepts to be measured: Do people have adequate housing with basic utilities?
(Housing, Electricity)
Concepts to be measured: Do people have enough food to eat? Do people receive
basic medical care? (Right to live/overall maternity care, Adequate treatment for
basic illness) Contextual considerations: Malaria is a basic health problem in the
region.
BasicHumanNeeds

23. 23
ANNEX A: COMPONENTS ANALYSIS
Wt KMO Alpha
Access to Basic Knowledge 0.57 0.67
Adult literacy rate 0.27
Primary school enrollment 0.19
Secondary school enrollment 0.29
Quality of education 0.26
Access to Information and
Communications
0.50 0.71
Mobile telephone subscriptions 0.50
Mobile internet users 0.50
Health and Wellness 0.58 0.43
Life expectancy 0.50
Deaths from cancer, cardiovascular
diseases, and diabetes
0.50
Obesity rate 0.34
Morbidity due to respiratory diseases 0.35
Suicide rate 0.31
Ecosystem Sustainability 0.60 0.73
Forest coverage 0.37
Protected areas 0.35
Degraded areas 0.28
Deforestation rate 0.50
Water stress 0.50
FoundationsofWellbeing
Concepts to be measured: Do people have the educational foundations to improve
their lives? Contextual considerations: Brazil evaluates the quality of their basic
schools across the country.
Concepts to be measured: Can people freely access ideas and information from
anywhere in the world?Contextual considerations: In the Amazon the mobile systems
are the main sources for internet and telephone.
Concepts to be measured: Do people live long and healthy lives?
Concepts to be measured: Is the country using its resources so they will be available
to future generations?Contextual considerations: The Amazon is an ecosystem based
on forest and water systems.

24. 24
ANNEX A: COMPONENTS ANALYSIS
Wt KMO Alpha
Personal Rights 0.52 0.35
Political pluralism 0.39
Mobility 0.25
Property rights over land 0.36
Personal Freedom and Choice 0.58 0.45
Child labor 0.18
Children and teen pregnancies 0.32
Access to culture and recreation 0.19
Familial vulnerability 0.31
Tolerance and Inclusion 0.51 0.47
Violence against women 0.32
Violence against indigenous 0.37
Inequality between whites and blacks 0.31
Access to Advanced Education 0.71 0.89
Tertiary school enrollment 0.35
Women’s mean years in school 0.33
Young people studying college degrees 0.33
Concepts to be measured: Do people have the opportunity to achieve high levels of
education?
Concepts to be measured: Are people free of restrictions on their personal
rights?Contextual considerations: The presence of rural and indigenous communities
in the Amazon determine the way the property rights are defined.
Opportunity
Concepts to be measured: Are people free of restrictions on personal
decisions?Contextual considerations: Children and families are highly vulnerable in
the Amazon.
Concepts to be measured: Is no one excluded from the opportunity to be a
contributing member of society?Contextual considerations: The multiethnic aspects
of the Amazon are a challenge for a more inclusive society.

25. 25
Nutrition and Basic Medical Care
 Undernourishment: Nutritional status of people below the appropriate weight , per 100,000 people.
 Morbidity due to under nutrition: Diseases related to deficiencies in nutrition , per 100,000 people.
 Maternal mortality rate: Number of maternal deaths.
 Child mortality Rate: Infant mortality up to 5 years.
 Mortality rate due to tuberculosis, malaria, dengue and HIV: Number of deaths related to tuberculosis, malaria,
dengue and HIV
Water and Sanitation
 Access to piped water: Percentage of private households with a water service connected within or outside the
house.
 Rural access to improved water source: Difference between the percentage of rural population with water
facilities and the average percentage of rural population with water facilities from the group of 30 municipalities
with similar rural population structure.
 Access to improved sanitation facilities: Percentage of private households by type of sanitation.
Shelter
 Availability of affordable housing: Percentage of private households by level of satisfaction with housing adequacy.
 Access to electricity: Percentage of private households with electricity.
 Trash collection: Percentage of private households with proper trash collection services.
Personal Safety
 Homicide rate: Homicide rate per 100,000 people.
 Exposure to violence: Teens killed by violence , per 100,000 people.
 Traffic deaths: Mortality due to road traffic injury, per 100,000 people.
ANNEX B: INDICATORS DEFINITION
BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

26. 26
Access to Basic Knowledge
 Adult literacy rate: Persons aged 15 years or older who can read and write.
 Primary school enrollment : Net attendance rate to elementary education.
 Secondary school enrollment: Net attendance rate to secondary school .
 Quality of education: Development index of basic education (IDEB).
Access to Information and Communications
 Mobile telephone subscriptions: Connection rate for mobile users adjusted by population density.
 Mobile internet users: Connection rate for 3G internet users adjusted by population density.
Health and Wellness
 Life expectancy : The number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to
stay the same throughout its life.
 Deaths from cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes : Total number of deaths related to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and
diabetes.
 Obesity rate: Percentage of defined population with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or higher (age-standardized estimate),
both sexes.
 Morbidity due to respiratory diseases: diseases related to respiratory affections.
 Suicide rate: Mortality due to self-inflicted injury, per 100,000 people.
Ecosystem Sustainability
 Forest coverage: Density of forest coverage by municipality.
 Degraded Area: The percentage of overgrown pastures, pasture with bare soil, pasture regeneration soil, mining and deforestation
areas by municipality.
 Deforestation rate: Deforestation rate by municipality.
 Water stress: Evaluation of the supply of water in the ecosystem.
 Protected areas : Rate of protected areas by municipality.
FOUNDATIONS OF WELLBEING

27. 27
Personal Rights
 Political pluralism: Councilors by party.
 Mobility: Density of terrestrial transportation services among municipalities.
 Property rights over land: Number of threatened people in Rural Areas because of property, rate per municipality by 1,000 inhabitants.
Personal Freedom and Choice
 Child labor: Rate of children, from 10 to 17 years old, working.
 Children and teen pregnancies: Percentage of children and teen pregnancies.
 Access to culture and recreation: Existence in the municipality of a library, theater, cultural center or stadium.
 Familial vulnerability: Ratio between the number of women who are heads of household, have not finished elementary school andhave
at least 1 child under the age of 15 living in the household and the total number of female heads of households multiplied by 100.
Tolerance and Inclusion
 Violence against women: Number of cases of domestic violence, sexual and other violence against women.
 Violence against indigenous: Number of cases of violence against indigenous people.
 Inequality between whites and blacks: Mean years of school by race.
Access to Advanced Education
 Tertiary school enrollment: Mean years of tertiary education completed among people over age 25.
 Women’s mean years in school: Mean years of school attendance among women between 25 and 34 years old, including primary,
secondary and tertiary education.
 Young people studying college degrees: Ratio between the number of people aged 18 to 24 attending higher education (undergraduate,
specialization, master's or doctorate) and the total population of that age group multiplied by 100.
OPPORTUNITY

28. 28
IPS AMAZÔNIA