Presentation by Matthew Bishop of The Economist, and member of the Board of Directors of the Social Progress Imperative, on the Social Progress Index at Closing the Gap in Palm Beach, Florida on December 8, 2015. The event brought together leaders from business, education, policy, foundations, and communities to explore solutions for a more inclusive economy.

1. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
TITLE HERE
DATE/LOCATION
OTHER
Rethinking What We Measure
Matthew Bishop: Closing the Gap
8th December 2015

2. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
A CALL FOR A NEW MEASUREMENT AGENDA
“In an increasingly performance-oriented society,
metrics matter. What we measure affects what
we do. If we have the wrong metrics, we will
strive for the wrong things”
Joseph Stiglitz, Amartya Sen, Jean-Paul Fitoussi
Mismeasuring Our Lives
2

3. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
THE CALL FOR A NEW MEASUREMENT AGENDA
“When making empirical comparisons of
living standards, the temptation to use such
aggregate, commodity-based measures as
the GNP or the GDP is strong, partly
because these measures seem nicely
aggregated and conveniently complete.
Everything, it may appear, counts in the
GNP. The question, of course, is everything
in what space? Commodities, yes;
functioning and living conditions, possibly
not at all.”
- Amartya Sen, The Standard of Living, p.33
(1987)
3

4. www.socialprogressimperative.org
Relative WeaknessRelative Strength Neutral
EARLY EFFORTS TO GET BEYOND GDP
Human development
index, launched by UNDP
in 1990
Expanded in 2010 to
include multi-dimensional
poverty
Highly correlated with
GDP
First described in 1972
by the fourth Dragon
King of Bhutan
Championed after the
2008 crash by the UN
and David Cameron
Too culturally
dependent for making
rigorous cpmparisons
between places
Sarkozy-Stiglitz
Commission on the
Measurement of
Economic Performance
and Social Progress
Launched in 2008
Made powerful case for
indicators that get beyond
relying on GDP
4

5. www.socialprogressimperative.org
Relative WeaknessRelative Strength Neutral 5
THE SOCIAL PROGRESS
INDEX

6. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
Outcomes – not inputs
Actionability
Relevant to all countries
Exclusively social and
environmental indicators
SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX: DESIGN PRINCIPLES
6

7. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
Social Progress Index
OpportunityFoundations of WellbeingBasic Human Needs
Nutrition and Basic Medical Care
Water and Sanitation
Shelter
Personal Safety
Access to Basic Knowledge
Access to Information and
Communications
Health and Wellness
Ecosystem Sustainability
Personal Rights
Access to Advanced Education
Personal Freedom and Choice
Tolerance and Inclusion
SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX FRAMEWORK
7

8. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
Basic Human Needs Opportunity
Nutrition and Basic Medical Care
 Undernourishment
 Depth of food deficit
 Maternal mortality rate
 Child mortality rate
 Deaths from infectious diseases
Water and Sanitation
 Access to piped water
 Rural access to improved water source
 Access to improved sanitation facilities
Shelter
 Availability of affordable housing
 Access to electricity
 Quality of electricity supply
 Household air pollution attributable deaths
Personal Safety
 Homicide rate
 Level of violent crime
 Perceived criminality
 Political terror
 Traffic deaths
Access to Basic Knowledge
 Adult literacy rate
 Primary school enrollment
 Lower secondary school enrollment
 Upper secondary school enrollment
 Gender parity in secondary enrollment
Access to Information and Communications
 Mobile telephone subscriptions
 Internet users
 Press Freedom Index
Health and Wellness
 Life expectancy
 Premature deaths from non-communicable
diseases
 Obesity rate
 Outdoor air pollution attributable deaths
 Suicide rate
Ecosystem Sustainability
 Greenhouse gas emissions
 Water withdrawals as a percent of
resources
 Biodiversity and habitat
Personal Rights
 Political rights
 Freedom of speech
 Freedom of assembly/association
 Freedom of movement
 Private property rights
Personal Freedom and Choice
 Freedom over life choices
 Freedom of religion
 Early marriage
 Satisfied demand for contraception
 Corruption
Tolerance and Inclusion
 Tolerance for immigrants
 Tolerance for homosexuals
 Discrimination and violence against minorities
 Religious tolerance
 Community safety net
Access to Advanced Education
 Years of tertiary schooling
 Women’s average years in school
 Inequality in the attainment of education
 Globally ranked universities
Social Progress Index
Foundations of Wellbeing
2015 SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX INDICATORS
8

9. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
SOCIAL PROGRESS DOES INCREASE WITH GDP PER CAPITA BUT IT
IS NOT THE WHOLE STORY
9
KWT
CRI
BRA
ZAF
IND
MWI
CAF
NO
RUSA
FRA
NZL
CANGB
R
RUS
CHN
COL

10. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
Social Progress Index rank: 16/133
Social Progress Index score: 82.85
GDP per capita rank: 5/133
UNITED STATES
Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank
BASIC HUMAN NEEDS 91.23 21 W FOUNDATIONS OF WELLBEING 75.15 35 W OPPORTUNITY 82.18 8 N
Nutrition and Basic Medical Care 98.52 39 N Access to Basic Knowledge 95.33 45 W Personal Rights 82.16 24 W
Undernourishment (% of pop.) 5.0 1 N Adult literacy rate (% of pop. aged 15+) 99.0 1 N Political rights (1=full rights; 7=no rights) 1 1 N
Depth of food deficit (cal./undernourished person) 8 1 N Primary school enrollment (% of children) 91.8 73 W Freedom of speech (0=low; 2=high) 2 1 S
Maternal mortality rate (deaths/100,000 live births) 28 55 W Lower secondary school enrollment (% of children) 98.0 57 W Freedom of assembly/association (0=low; 2=high) 1 48 W
Child mortality rate (deaths/1,000 live births) 6.9 38 W Upper secondary school enrollment (% of children) 89.5 49 W Freedom of movement (0=low; 4=high) 3 67 W
Deaths from infectious diseases (deaths/100,000) 31.3 37 N Gender parity in secondary enrollment (girls/boys) 1.0 1 N Private property rights (0=none; 100=full) 80 17 W
Water and Sanitation 98.68 28 W Access to Information and Communications 85.00 23 W Personal Freedom and Choice 82.64 15 N
Access to piped water (% of pop.) 98.6 25 W Mobile telephone subscriptions (subscriptions/100 people) 95.5 87 W Freedom over life choices (% satisfied) 86.6 27 W
Rural access to improved water source (% of pop.) 98.0 41 W Internet users (% of pop.) 84.2 13 N Freedom of religion (1=low; 4=high) 3 55 W
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 100.0 27 N Press Freedom Index (0=most free; 100=least free) 23.5 36 W Early marriage (% of women aged 15-19) 0.03 32 W
Satisfied demand for contraception (% of women) 84.7 14 N
Corruption (0=high; 100=low) 74 15 N
Shelter 90.05 6 N Health and Wellness 68.66 68 W Tolerance and Inclusion 74.46 15 N
Availability of affordable housing (% satisfied) 69.0 7 S Life expectancy (years) 78.7 30 W Tolerance for immigrants (0=low; 100=high) 81.5 11 N
Access to electricity (% of pop.) 100.0 1 N Premature deaths from non-comm. diseases (prob. of dying) 14.3 35 W Tolerance for homosexuals (0=low; 100=high) 71.3 15 N
Quality of electricity supply (1=low; 7=high) 6.3 19 W Obesity rate (% of pop.) 31.8 126 W Discrim. and viol. against minorities (0=low; 10=high) 4.5 31 N
Household air pollution attr. deaths (deaths/100,000) 0 1 N Outdoor air pollution attributable deaths (deaths/100,000) 33.6 78 W Religious tolerance (1=low; 4=high) 3 36 N
Suicide rate (deaths/100,000) 10.7 81 W Community safety net (0=low; 100=high) 90.1 27 W
Personal Safety 77.66 30 W Ecosystem Sustainability 51.63 74 W Access to Advanced Education 89.47 1 S
Homicide rate (1= <2/100,000; 5= >20/100,000) 2 41 W Greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 equivalents per GDP) 421.7 4 N Years of tertiary schooling 1.8 1 S
Level of violent crime (1=low; 5=high) 1 1 N Water withdrawals as a percentage of resources 2.9 85 W Women's average years in school 13.9 4 N
Perceived criminality (1=low; 5=high) 2 2 N Biodiv. and habitat (0=no protection; 100=high protection) 63.4 68 W Inequality in the attainment of edu. (0=low; 1=high) 0.07 38 W
Political terror (1=low; 5=high) 3 80 W Number of globally ranked universities 181 1 S
Traffic deaths (deaths/100,000) 11.4 38 W
Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, Netherlands, Ireland, Austria,
United Arab Emirates, Sweden, Germany, Denmark,
Australia, Canada, Belgium, Iceland, Finland, and Norway

11. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
BRAZIL
Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank
BASIC HUMAN NEEDS 71.14 74 W FOUNDATIONS OF WELLBEING 76.21 30 S OPPORTUNITY 65.33 32 S
Nutrition and Basic Medical Care 96.34 61 N Access to Basic Knowledge 96.13 38 N Personal Rights 75.20 33 N
Undernourishment (% of pop.) 5.0 1 N Adult literacy rate (% of pop. aged 15+) 92.6 81 N Political rights (1=full rights; 7=no rights) 2 38 N
Depth of food deficit (cal./undernourished person) 12 52 N Primary school enrollment (% of children) 95.0 52 N Freedom of speech (0=low; 2=high) 1 15 N
Maternal mortality rate (deaths/100,000 live births) 69 71 W Lower secondary school enrollment (% of children) 114.0 1 N Freedom of assembly/association (0=low; 2=high) 2 1 N
Child mortality rate (deaths/1,000 live births) 13.7 57 N Upper secondary school enrollment (% of children) 95.3 40 N Freedom of movement (0=low; 4=high) 4 1 N
Deaths from infectious diseases (deaths/100,000) 92.8 78 W Gender parity in secondary enrollment (girls/boys) n/a Private property rights (0=none; 100=full) 50 39 N
Water and Sanitation 84.98 62 N Access to Information and Communications 73.60 54 N Personal Freedom and Choice 71.63 36 N
Access to piped water (% of pop.) 92.1 41 N Mobile telephone subscriptions (subscriptions/100 people) 135.3 1 N Freedom over life choices (% satisfied) 70.4 67 N
Rural access to improved water source (% of pop.) 85.3 77 N Internet users (% of pop.) 51.6 55 N Freedom of religion (1=low; 4=high) 4 1 N
Access to improved sanitation facilities (% of pop.) 81.3 73 W Press Freedom Index (0=most free; 100=least free) 34.0 84 N Early marriage (% of women aged 15-19) 0.04 38 N
Satisfied demand for contraception (% of women) 86.8 10 N
Corruption (0=high; 100=low) 43 52 N
Shelter 67.70 69 N Health and Wellness 73.63 34 N Tolerance and Inclusion 66.45 24 S
Availability of affordable housing (% satisfied) 41.5 86 N Life expectancy (years) 73.6 68 N Tolerance for immigrants (0=low; 100=high) 66.6 50 N
Access to electricity (% of pop.) 98.9 67 N Premature deaths from non-comm. diseases (prob. of dying) 19.4 74 N Tolerance for homosexuals (0=low; 100=high) 64.2 21 S
Quality of electricity supply (1=low; 7=high) 4.1 77 W Obesity rate (% of pop.) 19.5 70 W Discrim. and viol. against minorities (0=low; 10=high) 5.6 49 N
Household air pollution attr. deaths (deaths/100,000) 12.0 46 N Outdoor air pollution attributable deaths (deaths/100,000) 3.9 18 N Religious tolerance (1=low; 4=high) 3 36 N
Suicide rate (deaths/100,000) 6.4 49 N Community safety net (0=low; 100=high) 89.6 32 N
Personal Safety 35.55 122 W Ecosystem Sustainability 61.49 38 N Access to Advanced Education 48.05 62 N
Homicide rate (1= <2/100,000; 5= >20/100,000) 5 113 W Greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 equivalents per GDP) 401.6 4 N Years of tertiary schooling 0.4 65 N
Level of violent crime (1=low; 5=high) 4 105 W Water withdrawals as a percentage of resources 0.9 46 W Women's average years in school 9.3 77 N
Perceived criminality (1=low; 5=high) 4 94 W Biodiv. and habitat (0=no protection; 100=high protection) 66.7 58 N Inequality in the attainment of edu. (0=low; 1=high) 0.25 79 W
Political terror (1=low; 5=high) 4 119 W Number of globally ranked universities 22 3 S
Traffic deaths (deaths/100,000) 22.5 105 W
Botswana, Montenegro, Iraq, Thailand, Bulgaria, Costa Rica,
Iran, Algeria, Mauritius, Mexico, Serbia, Azerbaijan, Lebanon,
Belarus, and South Africa
GDP per capita rank: 55
Social Progress Index rank: 42/133
Social Progress Index score: 70.89

12. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
National Development Plan Assumptions:
Economic Growth: 6.8% per year
•GDP per capita 2014: 5,289 SPI 2014: 62.65
•GDP per capita 2030: 11,572 SPI 2030: 69.15
SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX IS ALREADY BEING USED TO SET
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: PARAGUAY
12

13. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
EUROPEAN COMMISSION IS USING SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX
13

14. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX AND SUB-NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGIES: PARA STATE IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON
14

15. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
BUILDING FAIR AND SUSTAINABLE CITIES USING
CITIZEN DRIVEN METRICS
SPI FOR COLOMBIAS CITIES

16. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Manizales 63.91 63.12 65.44 67.67 71.22 75.52
Bucaramanga 63.22 64.26 64.24 65.73 67.08 72.95
Bogotá 63.02 64.04 65.13 67.64 71.17 70.33
Pereira 58.44 59.49 63.21 61.08 61.25 66.63
Medellín 57.92 60.41 63.90 67.24 69.73 72.58
Ibagué 52.58 53.07 51.79 50.54 57.95 61.64
Barranquilla 51.67 51.28 58.33 57.03 57.62 60.07
Valledupar 49.01 49.37 50.79 52.42 55.34 52.17
Cali 45.66 48.73 50.02 48.95 54.66 54.27
Cartagena 42.67 44.30 49.59 48.97 50.61 53.61
SPI Score
SOCIAL PROGRESS TRENDS IN COLOMBIAN CITIES 2009-2014
• Bogota increased its score by 10% moving from “medium-low” to “medium-high”
social progress levels. In 2013, Bogotá was the top performer city.
• Medellin (3) and Cartagena (9) increased their scores by 25%. Medellin managed to
catch up the group of top performing cities. Cartagena moved away from the bottom.
• The gap between Andean cities and Coastal cities sharply increased from 10 social
progress points in 2011 to 15 social progress points in 2014.

17. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress17
SOCIAL PROGRESS IN THE
LOCALITIES OF BOGOTA

18. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
Basic Human Needs Opportunities
Social Progress index
Foundations of Wellbeing
Very Low Medium Very High
45 65 85
SCORES BY DIMENSION

19. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
A MOVE TOWARDS GREATER SOCIAL PROGRESS
IN BOGOTA 2009-2014, BASIC NEEDS
19
Very Low Medium Very High
45 65 85
SPI-2009 SPI-2011 SPI-2013 SPI-2014*

20. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
The first pilot will focus on four Michigan cities.
Launch:
May 26 2015 at Mackinac Policy
Conference– a gathering of over
1700 business, community and
government leaders.
FIRST NORTH AMERICAN SOCIAL PROGRESS INDEX: MICHIGAN
20

21. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress21
THE WORLD IN 2030

22. Social Progress Imperative #socialprogress
MUST DO BETTER
22