The document outlines a project called 'Simon Says the Color', a children's game for the iPhone that incorporates augmented reality and Bluetooth multiplayer features. It covers technical aspects such as developing with Objective-C, handling camera input, managing data files, and implementing peer-to-peer communication over Bluetooth. Additionally, it provides examples of code implementations for establishing sessions, connecting peers, and exchanging data among devices.

1. iPhone project
Wireless Network
Silvio Daminato
February 28, 2011

2. Project: Simon says the color
• Kids game: “Strega comanda colore” ported to iPhone
• iPhone asks for a color
• player takes a picture with that color in the center
• Simple augmented reality
• File handling
• Bluetooth
• Upload of top scores

3. Single player
• Three game modes
• Practice
• Time attack
• Best out of 5
• Color randomly chosen between 8 colors
• Player has to take the picture within a timeout

4. Multiplayer
•A player is the Witch
• He/she choose the color
• He/she sets the difficulty (timeout)
• Up to six players
• Communication over bluetooth
• Client-Server architecture

5. Developing for iPhone
• http://developer.apple.com/
• Sign up as developer
• Download of development and debugging tools
• Manage profiles, certificates, devices
• http://developer.apple.com/programs/ios/university/
• It allows to install and test apps on a iOS device

6. Tools
• Xcode
• Interface Builder
• iOS simulator
• Instruments
• ...

7. Objective C
• Object oriented
• C-based
• Smalltalk style: based on messages exchange
C++ Obj-C
A* a = new A; A* a = [[A alloc] init];
a -> doSomething(argument); [a doSomething: argument];
delete a; [a release];

8. Delegation
• Widely used in Cocoa Touch
• An object is delegated by the application to handle some kind
of events
• Examples: UITableViewDelegate, UIAlertViewDelegate
•A delegate object has to implement specific methods with
specific signatures

9. Delegation - example
@interface MyViewController : UIViewController <UITableViewDelegate> {
< MyViewController declarations >
}
@implementation ServerController
...
- (NSInteger) tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section
{
< returns the number of rows in the section >
}
- (UITableViewCell *) tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
< sets up and returns the cell >
}
...
@end

10. Using the camera
• Class UIImagePickerController
• Source type UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera
• Delegate protocol UIImagePickerControllerDelegate
• Method imagePickerController:didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo: returns
the image
• Method imagePickerControllerDidCancel: is called when user
cancels

11. Augmented reality
• Create an UIView object or a UIView subclass object
• Assign that object to cameraOverlayView property of the
UIImagePickerController

12. Augmented reality
• Create an UIView object or a UIView subclass object
• Assign that object to cameraOverlayView property of the
UIImagePickerController
That’s all.

13. Camera and augmented reality -
example
UIImagePickerController *ipc = [[UIImagePickerController alloc] init];
ipc.delegate = self;
ipc.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera;
ipc.showsCameraControls = NO;
ipc.navigationBarHidden = YES;
ipc.wantsFullScreenLayout = YES;
OverlayView *overlay = [[OverlayView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480)];
ipc.cameraOverlayView = overlay;
[self presentModalViewController:ipc animated:YES];

14. Camera and augmented reality -
example
UIImagePickerController *ipc = [[UIImagePickerController alloc] init];
ipc.delegate = self;
ipc.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera;
ipc.showsCameraControls = NO;
ipc.navigationBarHidden = YES;
ipc.wantsFullScreenLayout = YES;
OverlayView *overlay = [[OverlayView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480)];
ipc.cameraOverlayView = overlay;
[self presentModalViewController:ipc animated:YES];

15. Text file handling
• .plist format
• XML with a specific format
• Handling is simple
• Set up data, generate path of file, write to file
• Generate path, read file
• Data as NSDictionary, NSArray, NSString, ...

16. Text file handling - example
NSString *firstString = @"Voglio salvare questa stringa";
NSString *secondString = @"Voglio salvare anche questa!";
NSMutableArray *plistFileContent = [[NSMutableArray alloc]
initWithObjects:firstString, secondString, nil];
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,
NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
NSString *myfile = [documentsDirectory
stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"myfile.plist"];
[plistFileContent writeToFile:myfile atomically:YES];
NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,
NSUserDomainMask, YES);
NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
NSString *myfile = [documentsDirectory
stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"myfile.plist"];
NSArray *plistFileContent = [[NSArray alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:myfile];

17. Peer-to-peer over Bluetooth
• Allows to exchange information between two or more
devices
• Ad-hoc network between peers
• Communication is through sessions (Objects that handle
events related to it)
• Delegate protocol: GKSessionDelegate
• Data format is free

18. Peers
• Peers are identified by peerID
• Every peer has a state
• GKPeerStateAvailable
• GKPeerStateUnavailable
• GKPeerStateConnected
• GKPeerStateDisconnected
• GKPeerStateConnecting
• Method session:peer:didChangeState: called when a peer changes
state

19. Discovering peers
• Every session implements its specific service
•A session looks for other peer depending on its Session Mode
• Server
• Client
• Peer
• Toestablish a connection there must be at least a server that
advertise its service and a client looking for it

20. Implementing a Server
• Initialize the session: initWithSessionID:displayName:sessionMode:
• Session mode GKSessionModeServer or GKSessionModePeer
• Set property available = YES to advertise the service
• The service has its own Id
• Method session:didReceiveConnectionRequestFromPeer: notifies a
connection request
• Server decides whether to accept the request or not
• When the session is created session:peer:didChangeState: method is
called

21. Implementing a Server - example
- (void) initSession {
GKSession *session = [[GKSession alloc] initWithSessionID:@"Servizio"
displayName:@"Server"
sessionMode:GKSessionModeServer];
session.delegate = self;
[session setDataReceiveHandler: self withContext:nil];
session.available = YES;
}
- (void)session:(GKSession *)session didReceiveConnectionRequestFromPeer:(NSString *)peerID {
if (![session isAvailable]) {
[session denyConnectionFromPeer:peerID];
} else {
session.available = NO;
if (connections_count == max_connections) {
[session denyConnectionFromPeer: peerID];
} else {
[session acceptConnectionFromPeer: peerID];
connections_count ++;
}
session.available = YES;
}
}

22. Implementing a Server - example
- (void) session:(GKSession *)session peer:(NSString *)peerID didChangeState:
(GKPeerConnectionState)state {
switch (state) {
case GKPeerStateConnected:
NSLog(@"Peer %@ connected!", peerID);
connections_count ++;
break;
case GKPeerStateDisconnected:
NSLog(@"Peer %@ disconnected!", peerID);
connections_count --;
break;
}
}

23. Connecting to a service
• Initialize the session: initWithSessionID:displayName:sessionMode:
• Session mode GKSessionModeClient or GKSessionModePeer
• Set property available = YES to look for the service
• Only service with the same sessionID are found
• Method session:peer:didChangeState: called when a server has been
found
• Method connectToPeer:withTimeout: to request connection
• Method session:peer:didChangeState: called when the session has
been created

24. Connecting to a service -
example
- (GKSession *) initSession {
GKSession *session = [[GKSession alloc] initWithSessionID:@"Servizio"
displayName:@"Client"
sessionMode:GKSessionModeClient];
session.delegate = self;
[session setDataReceiveHandler: self withContext:nil];
session.available = YES;
return session;
}
- (void) session:(GKSession *)session peer:(NSString *)peerID didChangeState:
(GKPeerConnectionState)state {
switch (state) {
case GKPeerStateAvailable:
NSLog(@"Trovato servizio!");
[session connectToPeer:peerID withTimeout:5.0];
break;
case GKPeerStateConnected:
NSLog(@"Connessione avvenuta!");
session.available = NO;
break;
case GKPeerStateDisconnected:
NSLog(@"Disconnesso");
break;
}

25. Exchanging data
• Connected peers can exchange data
• Method sendDataToAllPeers:WithDataMode:error: sends to all peers
• Method sendData:toPeers:WithDataMode:error: sends to some peers
• Dataformat is not fixed, but they have to be encapsulated in
an NSData object

26. Exchanging data - 2
• Two alternative dataModes:
• GKSendDataReliable
• Datais retransmitted if it doesn’t reach destination
• Messages are received in the same order they were sent
• GKSendDataUnreliable
• Data is sent only once
• Method receiveData:fromPeer:inSession:context: to receive data
• Method setDataReceiveHandler:withContext: sets the object that
handles received data

27. Exchanging data - example
NSString *chosenColor = @"yellow";
NSString *level = @"Easy";
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:
chosenColor, @"Color", level, @"Level", nil];
NSMutableData *data = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
NSKeyedArchiver *archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:data];
[archiver encodeObject:dict forKey:@"Dictionary"];
[archiver finishEncoding];
[session sendDataToAllPeers:data withDataMode:GKSendDataReliable error:nil];
- (void) receiveData:(NSData *)data fromPeer:(NSString *)peer inSession:(GKSession *)session context:(void
*)context {
NSDictionary *gameInfo;
NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:data];
gameInfo = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"Dictionary"];
[unarchiver finishDecoding];
NSString * response = [gameInfo objectForKey:@"Response"];
[self checkResponse:response peerID:peer];
}

28. Disconnecting peers
• End a session: disconnectFromAllPeers
• Disconnect a peer: disconnectPeerFromAllPeers:
• Ifa peer is non responsive for a period of time
(disconnectionTimeout) it is automatically disconnected
• Method session:peer:didChangeState: called when a peer
disconnects

29. Peer picker
• It is possible to create your own GUI
• Object provides the interface to discover
GKPeerPickerController
and connect to other peers
• Delegate protocol GKPeerPickerControllerDelegate

30. Help and documentation
• Xcode menu bar ➙ Help ➙ Developer documentation
• http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/navigation/
• http://www.google.com/
• http://stackoverflow.com/
• http://www.iphonedevsdk.com/forum/

31. References
• “Simon says the color”, S. Daminato, A. Giavatto, Progetto di
Reti Wireless 2009/2010
• http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/navigation/
• “Game Kit Programming Guide”, Apple Inc.