Ion exchange
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This document provides an overview of ion exchange, including its mechanisms and applications. It discusses how ion exchange works through cation exchange, which involves the replacement of positive ions, and anion exchange, which involves the replacement of negative ions. Ion exchange has various applications, such as water softening, removal of heavy metals from wastewater, and purification of pharmaceuticals. The document also notes challenges in ion exchange like regeneration of exhausted resins and efforts to advance the technique.
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Dcn 2032 ion exchange
Ion exchange is a reversible chemical reaction wherein an ion from solution is exchanged for a similarly charged ion attached to an immobile solid particle.
Ion Exchange Chromatography.pptx
Principle, classification, Properties, Advantages and Applications of Ion Exchange Chromatography are discussed
Ion Exchange Chromatography.pptx
Ion exchange chromatography is a process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their interactions with an inert matrix. There are two types of ion exchangers - cationic exchangers that attract positively charged cations, and anionic exchangers that attract negatively charged anions. The principle of separation relies on the reversible exchange of ions between the analyte in solution and oppositely charged ions on the exchanger matrix. Ion exchange chromatography is commonly performed using column chromatography and takes advantage of the attraction between oppositely charged stationary and mobile phases.
Ion exchange Chromatography
The document discusses ion exchange chromatography, which separates charged molecules by exchanging them for ions attached to an insoluble matrix. It describes the principle of reversible ion exchange between oppositely charged molecules and the matrix. The document outlines the types of ion exchange resins used, including polystyrene and cellulose. It also discusses cation and anion exchangers, preparation of ion exchangers, factors affecting separation, and applications such as water softening and analyzing nucleic acids.
Ion exchange
Ion exchange is a water treatment method where undesirable ions in water are removed by being swapped with less objectionable ions from an exchange substance. Both the contaminant ions and exchange ions must have the same electrical charge and be dissolved. There are cation exchangers that remove positively charged ions, anion exchangers that remove negatively charged ions, and amphoteric exchangers that remove both. Ion exchange has advantages like long resin life, cheap maintenance, and being environmentally friendly, but disadvantages like fouling of resins from substances in some waters.
Ion exchange chromatography
Described the principle and mechanism of ion exchange chromatography. Different methodologies are also explained in brief
Ion exchange chromatography
The document discusses ion exchange chromatography, which separates charged compounds by reversible ion exchange between ions in solution and ions bound to an insoluble matrix. It works by binding either the compound of interest or contaminants to the column. The document covers the principle, working, types, requirements, and applications of ion exchange chromatography. It discusses cation and anion exchangers used as the stationary phase and factors that affect separation like pH, ionic strength, and temperature.
Ion exchange chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography uses ion exchange resins to separate ionic compounds based on competition for binding sites on the resin. Cation exchange resins contain negatively charged functional groups like sulfonic acid that bind positively charged cations from solution. Anion exchange resins contain positively charged functional groups like quaternary ammonium that bind negatively charged anions. Eluting solutions with varying salt concentrations are used to displace bound ions from the resin selectively. Ion exchange chromatography finds application in water softening and analysis of ions in environmental and biological samples.
Recommended
Dcn 2032 ion exchange
Ion exchange is a reversible chemical reaction wherein an ion from solution is exchanged for a similarly charged ion attached to an immobile solid particle.
Ion Exchange Chromatography.pptx
Principle, classification, Properties, Advantages and Applications of Ion Exchange Chromatography are discussed
Ion Exchange Chromatography.pptx
Ion exchange chromatography is a process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their interactions with an inert matrix. There are two types of ion exchangers - cationic exchangers that attract positively charged cations, and anionic exchangers that attract negatively charged anions. The principle of separation relies on the reversible exchange of ions between the analyte in solution and oppositely charged ions on the exchanger matrix. Ion exchange chromatography is commonly performed using column chromatography and takes advantage of the attraction between oppositely charged stationary and mobile phases.
Ion exchange Chromatography
The document discusses ion exchange chromatography, which separates charged molecules by exchanging them for ions attached to an insoluble matrix. It describes the principle of reversible ion exchange between oppositely charged molecules and the matrix. The document outlines the types of ion exchange resins used, including polystyrene and cellulose. It also discusses cation and anion exchangers, preparation of ion exchangers, factors affecting separation, and applications such as water softening and analyzing nucleic acids.
Ion exchange
Ion exchange is a water treatment method where undesirable ions in water are removed by being swapped with less objectionable ions from an exchange substance. Both the contaminant ions and exchange ions must have the same electrical charge and be dissolved. There are cation exchangers that remove positively charged ions, anion exchangers that remove negatively charged ions, and amphoteric exchangers that remove both. Ion exchange has advantages like long resin life, cheap maintenance, and being environmentally friendly, but disadvantages like fouling of resins from substances in some waters.
Ion exchange chromatography
Described the principle and mechanism of ion exchange chromatography. Different methodologies are also explained in brief
Ion exchange chromatography
The document discusses ion exchange chromatography, which separates charged compounds by reversible ion exchange between ions in solution and ions bound to an insoluble matrix. It works by binding either the compound of interest or contaminants to the column. The document covers the principle, working, types, requirements, and applications of ion exchange chromatography. It discusses cation and anion exchangers used as the stationary phase and factors that affect separation like pH, ionic strength, and temperature.
Ion exchange chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography uses ion exchange resins to separate ionic compounds based on competition for binding sites on the resin. Cation exchange resins contain negatively charged functional groups like sulfonic acid that bind positively charged cations from solution. Anion exchange resins contain positively charged functional groups like quaternary ammonium that bind negatively charged anions. Eluting solutions with varying salt concentrations are used to displace bound ions from the resin selectively. Ion exchange chromatography finds application in water softening and analysis of ions in environmental and biological samples.
EvolutionEDI_AWT06
The document discusses the history and evolution of electrodeionization (EDI) technology. EDI was originally developed in the 1950s to overcome concentration polarization limitations of traditional electrodialysis by filling the spaces between ion-selective membranes with ion exchange resins. This allowed EDI to effectively treat more dilute solutions. Since its commercial introduction over 16 years ago, EDI technology has matured through improvements in manufacturing techniques and membrane materials, driving increased acceptance and lower costs. EDI is now available from multiple suppliers and used in various industries beyond its original use in pharmaceutical water treatment.
Ion exchange chromatography
This document provides information on ion exchange chromatography. It begins by describing Michael Tswett who first separated plant pigments using chromatography in 1906. It then discusses how chromatography can be used to separate mixtures with similar properties. The document outlines the basic principles of ion exchange chromatography, including that it relies on reversible exchange between ions in solution and ions bound to an insoluble stationary phase. It provides details on cation and anion exchangers, preparation of ion exchangers, choice of buffers, applications, advantages and disadvantages of ion exchange chromatography.
Electroanalytical chemistry
This document discusses different types of electrodes used in electroanalytical chemistry. It describes inert electrodes like platinum, gold and graphite that do not participate in reactions, and reactive electrodes like zinc, copper and lead that actively participate in reactions. The document discusses various types of electrodes in detail, including glass electrodes, liquid ion exchanger membranes, solid state membranes, neutral carrier membranes, coated wire electrodes, and ion selective field effect transistors. It also outlines the principle, advantages, limitations and applications of ion selective electrodes.
Ion Chromatography.pptx
This document provides information about ion exchange chromatography including:
- The working principle involves separation of ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to ion exchangers like cationic and anionic exchangers.
- Typical instrumentation includes a pump, injector, column, suppressor, detector and data system.
- The procedure involves using cationic or anionic exchangers in columns to separate ions based on their charge, then analyzing them spectroscopically.
- Applications include water softening, separating similar ions, and analyzing nucleic acids and lunar rocks.
- Advantages are efficient separation of charged particles and selectivity, while disadvantages include requirement of charged analytes and buffers.
RECOVERY OF METALS FROM EFFLUENT
This document discusses modern methods for recovering metals from effluents, specifically ion exchange chromatography and electrodialysis. Ion exchange chromatography separates ions and polar molecules using an ion exchange resin that retains analytes based on their charge. Electrodialysis uses an applied electric potential to transport ions through ion exchange membranes from a dilute solution to a concentrated brine solution. Both methods are effective at separating and recovering metal ions from industrial wastewater effluents.
Ion Exchange Water Purification System.
Ion exchange systems work by exchanging specific ions for other ions through resin beads. Cation exchange resins attract positive ions like calcium and magnesium, replacing them with sodium. Anion exchange resins attract negative ions like chlorine and sulfate, replacing them with hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. Together, these processes remove dissolved inorganic ions from water to purify it in applications like water softening and deionization. The resins are similar polymer beads that differ in their charged functional groups and attracted ions.
Ion exchange chromatography resins
The document discusses ion exchange chromatography resins. It explains that ion exchange chromatography allows separation of ions and polar molecules based on their affinity for the ion exchanger. Ion exchange resins can separate cations or anions and are classified as strong or weak cation/anion exchange resins. The separation occurs via reversible exchange of ions between the solution and resin based on electrostatic interactions.
Monitoring of inorganic ions
This document describes methods for monitoring inorganic ions in ambient air using ion chromatography. Key points:
- Ion chromatography is described as the preferred technique for simultaneously analyzing sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and fluoride in ambient air samples. It allows for rapid sequential analysis without using hazardous reagents.
- The document outlines sample collection methods using high-volume samplers to collect particulate matter on filters. Filters are extracted ultrasonically to analyze ions.
- Calibration procedures and methods for establishing retention time windows and ensuring system equilibration are provided to ensure precision and accuracy of ion chromatography analysis.
Monitoring of inorganic ions
This document describes methods for monitoring inorganic ions in ambient air using ion chromatography. Key points:
- Ion chromatography is described as the preferred technique for simultaneously analyzing sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and fluoride in ambient air samples. It allows for rapid sequential analysis without using hazardous reagents.
- The document outlines sample collection methods using high-volume samplers to collect particulate matter on filters. Filters are extracted ultrasonically to analyze ions.
- Calibration procedures and methods for establishing retention time windows and calibration curves are provided. Precision and accuracy are within 20% for analyzed ions.
Ion Specific Electrodes (ISE)
It is a well known fact that metal ions have a profound effect on cellular processes
The importance or the role that ions play in cellular activity can be gauged by the fact that most cells maintain a very critical Na+ & k+ balance between the extracellular and the intracellular spaces.
Any distribution in this critical balance is to the cellular metabolism through a drastic change in the osmotic pressure resulting in cellular swelling.
An ISE operates an exactly the same principles as a PH electrode
In fact, a PH electrode is a type of ion selective electrode sensitive to hydrogen ion.
Just like a PH electrode, the electrode body contains a reference solution and an metal reference electrode
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Electrophoresis and electrodialysis are separation methods that use electric fields to separate charged particles. Electrophoresis separates molecules like proteins and DNA based on size and charge by applying a current through a gel, causing different sized molecules to migrate at different speeds. Electrodialysis uses ion exchange membranes and an electric current to separate ions from water and concentrate or purify products. Both methods have been used in bioprocessing for tasks like verifying recombinant DNA, ensuring purity of protein products, and recovering organic acids from fermentation. While similar in using electricity, electrophoresis identifies molecules, while electrodialysis purifies and concentrates on a larger scale.
Magnetic Modification of Ion Exchange Processes
Today, the ion exchange method is widely used in water treatment systems. Ion exchange systems are used to correct the mineral composition of water to the required standards; wastewater treatment; desalination and softening of natural waters. To present day, there are technical solutions to improve the process of water purification, treatment, softening and demineralization. They include: improvement of physical and chemical conditions; intensification of the ion exchange process; use of new ion exchange materials; modification of ion exchange resins; combination with other water treatment methods; modernization of equipment and designs of ion exchange devices. In order to improve the flow conditions and reduce the burden on the environment, it is promising to implement technologies aimed at intensifying the ion exchange process by activating the components of the process. The paper investigates the effect of magnetic modification on the intensification of ion exchange processes during the adjustment of the mineral composition of natural waters. The obtained results demonstrate the influence of the magnetic field on the ion exchange process.
High-effective IONIC CHROMATOGRAPHY
This document discusses high-effective ionic chromatography. It defines it as a process that separates ionic compounds based on their charge and affinity for ion exchangers. There are two main types: cation exchange chromatography which uses a negatively charged stationary phase, and anion exchange chromatography which uses a positively charged stationary phase. The instrumentation includes a pump, injector, column, suppressor, detector and recorder. Samples are separated as they pass through the column based on differences in how strongly ions bind to it. Applications include water softening, demineralization, and separating substances like amino acids, proteins, ions and pharmaceutical compounds.
Ion specific electrodes
It is a well known fact that metal ions have a profound effect on cellular processes
The importance or the role that ions play in cellular activity can be gauged by the fact that most cells maintain a very critical Na+ & k+ balance between the extracellular and the intracellular spaces.
Any distribution in this critical balance is to the cellular metabolism through a drastic change in the osmotic pressure resulting in cellular swelling.
Ion exchange processes
Ion exchange is a water treatment process that removes ions from water through an exchange of ions between a resin and water. There are cation exchange resins that remove positively charged ions and anion exchange resins that remove negatively charged ions. Ion exchange is commonly used for water softening by exchanging calcium and magnesium ions for sodium or potassium ions held on the resin. The resin becomes exhausted over time and must be regenerated by flushing it with a brine solution to restore the ions on the resin.
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1) Green synthesis of metals and metal oxide nanoparticles using plants and microorganisms provides an environmentally friendly approach for applications such as environmental remediation.
2) Nanoparticles exhibit different properties than bulk materials due to their high surface to volume ratio and quantum effects at the nanoscale. Their properties can be controlled through the capping agent used during synthesis.
3) Nanoparticles have many applications including in medicine, sensors, energy storage and more. Their small size allows for targeted drug delivery and improved efficacy of treatments.
ion exchange chromatography.pptx
Chromatography, chromatography techniques,ion exchange chromatography, elution based chromatography,types of chromatography,types of resin,ideal characteristics of resin, physical properties of resin, factors affecting ion exchange process, application of resin, elution of resin, regeneration of resin, Equilibration in ion exchange chromatography, application of ion exchange chromatography
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Ionic liquids are molten salts that are liquid below 100°C. They consist of large ions that can be functionalized. Ionic liquids have various applications including selective catalysis, molecular recognition, immobilization, and as solvents. They are useful electrolytes for sodium ion batteries due to their conductivity, chemical stability at high temperatures, and the abundance of sodium. Ionic liquids can also be used for desulfurization of fuels and removal of sulfur compounds, as well as for lead extraction from water sources.
REU final poster
Raman time-resolved ion exchange studies were conducted on natrolite to understand ion exchange mechanisms. There were two steps observed: 1) softening of ring structures as potassium ions began exchanging for sodium, and 2) rapid distortion of rings allowing potassium to migrate after some exchange. Future work aims to better understand structural transitions and increase ion exchange effectiveness for industrial applications like wastewater filtration.
Ion exchange chromatography .ppt
Name: Pavan Gowda
Topic: Ion Exchange Chromatography
M.Pharmacy ( Pharmaceutics)
1st Semester
RR College of Pharmacy
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Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
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Ion exchange chromatography
This document provides information on ion exchange chromatography. It begins by describing Michael Tswett who first separated plant pigments using chromatography in 1906. It then discusses how chromatography can be used to separate mixtures with similar properties. The document outlines the basic principles of ion exchange chromatography, including that it relies on reversible exchange between ions in solution and ions bound to an insoluble stationary phase. It provides details on cation and anion exchangers, preparation of ion exchangers, choice of buffers, applications, advantages and disadvantages of ion exchange chromatography.
Electroanalytical chemistry
This document discusses different types of electrodes used in electroanalytical chemistry. It describes inert electrodes like platinum, gold and graphite that do not participate in reactions, and reactive electrodes like zinc, copper and lead that actively participate in reactions. The document discusses various types of electrodes in detail, including glass electrodes, liquid ion exchanger membranes, solid state membranes, neutral carrier membranes, coated wire electrodes, and ion selective field effect transistors. It also outlines the principle, advantages, limitations and applications of ion selective electrodes.
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This document provides information about ion exchange chromatography including:
- The working principle involves separation of ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to ion exchangers like cationic and anionic exchangers.
- Typical instrumentation includes a pump, injector, column, suppressor, detector and data system.
- The procedure involves using cationic or anionic exchangers in columns to separate ions based on their charge, then analyzing them spectroscopically.
- Applications include water softening, separating similar ions, and analyzing nucleic acids and lunar rocks.
- Advantages are efficient separation of charged particles and selectivity, while disadvantages include requirement of charged analytes and buffers.
RECOVERY OF METALS FROM EFFLUENT
This document discusses modern methods for recovering metals from effluents, specifically ion exchange chromatography and electrodialysis. Ion exchange chromatography separates ions and polar molecules using an ion exchange resin that retains analytes based on their charge. Electrodialysis uses an applied electric potential to transport ions through ion exchange membranes from a dilute solution to a concentrated brine solution. Both methods are effective at separating and recovering metal ions from industrial wastewater effluents.
Ion Exchange Water Purification System.
Ion exchange systems work by exchanging specific ions for other ions through resin beads. Cation exchange resins attract positive ions like calcium and magnesium, replacing them with sodium. Anion exchange resins attract negative ions like chlorine and sulfate, replacing them with hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. Together, these processes remove dissolved inorganic ions from water to purify it in applications like water softening and deionization. The resins are similar polymer beads that differ in their charged functional groups and attracted ions.
Ion exchange chromatography resins
The document discusses ion exchange chromatography resins. It explains that ion exchange chromatography allows separation of ions and polar molecules based on their affinity for the ion exchanger. Ion exchange resins can separate cations or anions and are classified as strong or weak cation/anion exchange resins. The separation occurs via reversible exchange of ions between the solution and resin based on electrostatic interactions.
Monitoring of inorganic ions
This document describes methods for monitoring inorganic ions in ambient air using ion chromatography. Key points:
- Ion chromatography is described as the preferred technique for simultaneously analyzing sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and fluoride in ambient air samples. It allows for rapid sequential analysis without using hazardous reagents.
- The document outlines sample collection methods using high-volume samplers to collect particulate matter on filters. Filters are extracted ultrasonically to analyze ions.
- Calibration procedures and methods for establishing retention time windows and ensuring system equilibration are provided to ensure precision and accuracy of ion chromatography analysis.
Monitoring of inorganic ions
This document describes methods for monitoring inorganic ions in ambient air using ion chromatography. Key points:
- Ion chromatography is described as the preferred technique for simultaneously analyzing sulfate, nitrate, chloride, and fluoride in ambient air samples. It allows for rapid sequential analysis without using hazardous reagents.
- The document outlines sample collection methods using high-volume samplers to collect particulate matter on filters. Filters are extracted ultrasonically to analyze ions.
- Calibration procedures and methods for establishing retention time windows and calibration curves are provided. Precision and accuracy are within 20% for analyzed ions.
Ion Specific Electrodes (ISE)
It is a well known fact that metal ions have a profound effect on cellular processes
The importance or the role that ions play in cellular activity can be gauged by the fact that most cells maintain a very critical Na+ & k+ balance between the extracellular and the intracellular spaces.
Any distribution in this critical balance is to the cellular metabolism through a drastic change in the osmotic pressure resulting in cellular swelling.
An ISE operates an exactly the same principles as a PH electrode
In fact, a PH electrode is a type of ion selective electrode sensitive to hydrogen ion.
Just like a PH electrode, the electrode body contains a reference solution and an metal reference electrode
Electrophoresis and electrodialysis_yansee_maria_jiaxuan
Electrophoresis and electrodialysis are separation methods that use electric fields to separate charged particles. Electrophoresis separates molecules like proteins and DNA based on size and charge by applying a current through a gel, causing different sized molecules to migrate at different speeds. Electrodialysis uses ion exchange membranes and an electric current to separate ions from water and concentrate or purify products. Both methods have been used in bioprocessing for tasks like verifying recombinant DNA, ensuring purity of protein products, and recovering organic acids from fermentation. While similar in using electricity, electrophoresis identifies molecules, while electrodialysis purifies and concentrates on a larger scale.
Magnetic Modification of Ion Exchange Processes
Today, the ion exchange method is widely used in water treatment systems. Ion exchange systems are used to correct the mineral composition of water to the required standards; wastewater treatment; desalination and softening of natural waters. To present day, there are technical solutions to improve the process of water purification, treatment, softening and demineralization. They include: improvement of physical and chemical conditions; intensification of the ion exchange process; use of new ion exchange materials; modification of ion exchange resins; combination with other water treatment methods; modernization of equipment and designs of ion exchange devices. In order to improve the flow conditions and reduce the burden on the environment, it is promising to implement technologies aimed at intensifying the ion exchange process by activating the components of the process. The paper investigates the effect of magnetic modification on the intensification of ion exchange processes during the adjustment of the mineral composition of natural waters. The obtained results demonstrate the influence of the magnetic field on the ion exchange process.
High-effective IONIC CHROMATOGRAPHY
This document discusses high-effective ionic chromatography. It defines it as a process that separates ionic compounds based on their charge and affinity for ion exchangers. There are two main types: cation exchange chromatography which uses a negatively charged stationary phase, and anion exchange chromatography which uses a positively charged stationary phase. The instrumentation includes a pump, injector, column, suppressor, detector and recorder. Samples are separated as they pass through the column based on differences in how strongly ions bind to it. Applications include water softening, demineralization, and separating substances like amino acids, proteins, ions and pharmaceutical compounds.
Ion specific electrodes
It is a well known fact that metal ions have a profound effect on cellular processes
The importance or the role that ions play in cellular activity can be gauged by the fact that most cells maintain a very critical Na+ & k+ balance between the extracellular and the intracellular spaces.
Any distribution in this critical balance is to the cellular metabolism through a drastic change in the osmotic pressure resulting in cellular swelling.
Ion exchange processes
Ion exchange is a water treatment process that removes ions from water through an exchange of ions between a resin and water. There are cation exchange resins that remove positively charged ions and anion exchange resins that remove negatively charged ions. Ion exchange is commonly used for water softening by exchanging calcium and magnesium ions for sodium or potassium ions held on the resin. The resin becomes exhausted over time and must be regenerated by flushing it with a brine solution to restore the ions on the resin.
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ion exchange chromatography.pptx
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Ionic liquids are molten salts that are liquid below 100°C. They consist of large ions that can be functionalized. Ionic liquids have various applications including selective catalysis, molecular recognition, immobilization, and as solvents. They are useful electrolytes for sodium ion batteries due to their conductivity, chemical stability at high temperatures, and the abundance of sodium. Ionic liquids can also be used for desulfurization of fuels and removal of sulfur compounds, as well as for lead extraction from water sources.
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Raman time-resolved ion exchange studies were conducted on natrolite to understand ion exchange mechanisms. There were two steps observed: 1) softening of ring structures as potassium ions began exchanging for sodium, and 2) rapid distortion of rings allowing potassium to migrate after some exchange. Future work aims to better understand structural transitions and increase ion exchange effectiveness for industrial applications like wastewater filtration.
Ion exchange chromatography .ppt
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Topic: Ion Exchange Chromatography
M.Pharmacy ( Pharmaceutics)
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Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and ReplicabilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
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Abstract: Reproducibility (aka determinism in some cases) constitutes a fundamental aspect in various fields of computer science, such as floating-point computations in numerical analysis and simulation, concurrency models in parallelism, reproducible builds for third parties integration and packaging, and containerization for execution environments. These concepts, while pervasive across diverse concerns, often exhibit intricate inter-dependencies, making it challenging to achieve a comprehensive understanding. In this short and vision paper we delve into the application of software engineering techniques, specifically variability management, to systematically identify and explicit points of variability that may give rise to reproducibility issues (eg language, libraries, compiler, virtual machine, OS, environment variables, etc). The primary objectives are: i) gaining insights into the variability layers and their possible interactions, ii) capturing and documenting configurations for the sake of reproducibility, and iii) exploring diverse configurations to replicate, and hence validate and ensure the robustness of results. By adopting these methodologies, we aim to address the complexities associated with reproducibility and replicability in modern software systems and environments, facilitating a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on these critical aspects.
https://hal.science/hal-04582287
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
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Ion exchange
- 1. TITLE: "DEMYSTIFYING THE ION EXCHANGE PROCESS: A DEEP DIVE INTO ITS MECHANISMS AND APPLICATIONS
- 2. INTRODUCTION Welcome to the world of ion exchange!In this presentation,we will explore the mechanisms and applications of this fascinating process.Join us as we dive deep into the world of charged particles and their interactions.Get ready to demystify the magic behind ion exchange!
- 3. MECHANISMS OF ION EXCHANGE There are two main mechanisms involved in ion exchange:cation exchange and anion exchange. Cation exchange involves the replacement of positive ions with other positive ions, while anion exchange involves the replacement of negative ions with other negative ions.These mechanisms occur due to the affinity of the solid matrix for specific ions.
- 4. APPLICATIONS OF ION EXCHANGE Ion exchange finds extensive applications in various industries.It is used for water softening,removal of heavy metals from wastewater,purification of pharmaceuticals, and separation of valuable ions.Additionally,it plays a crucial role in nuclear power plants for radioactive waste treatment.The versatility of ion exchange makes it an indispensable tool in many fields.
- 5. Challenges and Advancements While ion exchange is a powerful technique, it also presents challenges.Regeneration of exhausted ion exchange resins,control of selectivity, and optimization of process parameters are areas of ongoing research. Recent advancements include the development of novel ion exchange materials and the integration of ion exchange with other separation techniques, opening up new possibilities.
- 6. WHAT I S I ON EXCHANGE? Ion exchange is a chemical process where ions are exchanged between a solid matrix and a liquid solution.It involves the reversible transfer of ions, typically in the form of cation and anion exchange.This process is widely used in water treatment, pharmaceuticals, and many other industries.
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