The document provides an overview of the Internet of Everything (IoE). It discusses the history and key concepts of IoE, including its four pillars of people, processes, data, and things. Examples are given of how IoE is being applied across different industries through integrating sensors and connected devices to optimize processes and improve services.

1. MODULE 1:INTRODUCTION
CO1:APPLY THE CONCEPTS OF
IOT.

2. Outline
 Introduction
 Features of IoE
 Pillars of IoE
 Internet of Things and Internet of Everything
 Similarities between IoT & IoE
 Application of IoE
 Concluding remarks

3. HISTORY OF IOT
The phrase ‘Internet of Things’ was coined by Kevin
Ashton back in 1999. However, the true Internet of
Things history began with the invention of the Internet in
the late 1960s.
Since the 1960s, we have seen numerous inventions
happen leading up to the 27 billion devices we now
have connected to the IoT today.
In the early 1980s, we witnessed the invention of a
Coca-Cola vending machine report on its contents
through a network.
While the 21st Century saw major developments paving
the way for the future of IoT.

4. HISTORY OF IOT
 The Internet of Things (IoT) has not been around that long. It was
only in 1999 that the term ‘internet of things’ was coined by
Kevin Ashton.
 Ashton used the phrase as the title of his presentation for a new
sensor project he was working on and it stuck from there.
 While the phrase came about in 1999, the concept of
connected devices dates back to 1832. When the first
electromagnetic telegraph was designed, allowing direct
communication between two machines through the transfer of
electrical signals.
 However, the true Internet of Things history began with the
invention of the Internet in the late 1960s.

5. THE WORLD’S FIRST IOT DEVICE
The world’s first IoT device was invented in the early 1980s
at the Carnegie Melon University.
A group of students from the university created a way to
get their campus Coca-Cola vending machine to report
on its contents through a network in order to save them
the trek if the machine was out of Coke.
They installed micro-switches into the machine to report
on how many Coke cans were available and if they were
cold.

6. THE 1990S
 In 1990, John Romkey connected a toaster to the internet for
the first time. A year later, a group of students at the University of
Cambridge used a web camera to report on coffee.
 They came up with the idea to use the first web camera
prototype to monitor the amount of coffee available in their
computer labs coffee pot. They did this by programming the
web camera to take photos three times a minute of the coffee
pot.
 The photos were then sent to local computers so everyone
could see if there was coffee available.

7. CURRENT SCENARIO
 The Internet of Things was a common topic used by the media at the
beginning of the 21st Century with several major developments
paving the way for the future of IoT.
 LG Electronics introduced the world’s first refrigerator connected to
the internet in 2000. Allowing consumers to do their food shopping
online and make video calls.
 This invention was followed by a small rabbit-shaped robot in 2005
that could report the latest news, weather forecasts and stock
market changes.
 While the first International Conference on Internet of Things was held
in 2008 in Switzerland.
 Today there are more than 27 billion devices connected to the
Internet of Things, with experts expecting this number to rise to over
100 billion devices by 2030.

8. WHAT IS THE INTERNET OF THINGS?
The Internet of Things, commonly known as IoT or the
Internet of Everything (IoE), is a network of physical
objects that are connected and exchange data with
other devices and systems over the internet.
There are more than 27 billion devices connected to
the Internet of Things. With experts expecting this
number to rise to over 100 billion devices by 2030.

9. HOW DOES IT WORK?
 The IoT consists of sensors and devices collecting data from their surroundings. This
data is then sent to the cloud by means of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LPWAN, satellite, or
being connected directly to the internet via ethernet. When the data reaches the
cloud, it is then processed by software programs. The information is then made
available to the consumer in a user-friendly way. This information is communicated
to the user to either check on the system or take action and affect the system.
 For example, a consumer would typically experience IoT in their smart home
whether they have smart speakers, thermostats or refrigerators. One of the most
impressive IoT devices is probably the smart refrigerators. They record data from the
contents of the fridge and will alert the consumer when they need to go shopping
to replenish. The smart refrigerator even has the capability to place an order with
your local supermarket to be delivered.
 The sensors in our smart home appliances allow us to have a better understanding of
how our homes operate. Tweaking those settings and predefined rules could help
save energy – cutting heating costs. Smart home appliances also connect elderly
people who live independently to their family and carers to communicate and
monitor how they are getting on.

10. INTRODUCTION
 IoE is the intelligent connection of people, process, data
and things.
 It describes a world where billions of objects have sensors
to detect measure and assess their status; all
connected over public or private networks using
standard and proprietary protocols.
 It is based on the idea that in the future, internet
connections will not be restricted to laptop or desktop
computers.
 The Internet of Everything is the connections between
people, things, data and processes combined into a
common interrelated system, the aim of which is to
improve experiences and make smarter decisions.

11. INTRODUCTION
 The IoE philosophy depicts the world in which billions of
sensors are implanted into billions of devices, machines
and ordinary objects, giving them expanded networking
opportunities, thus making them smarter.
 A concept that extends the Internet of Things (IoT)
emphasis on machine-to-machine (M2M)
communications to describe a more complex system
that also encompasses people and processes.

12. OVERVIEW OF IOE

13. FEATURES OF IOE
Decentralization and moving to the edge — data is
processed not in a single center, but in numerous
distributed nodes
Data input and output — external data can be put into
devices and given back to other components of the
network
Relation to every technology in the process of digital
transformation — cloud computing, fog computing, AI,
ML, IoT, Big Data, etc.

14. FOUR PILLARS OF IOE
 “Internet of Everything” has four important pillars:
 People
 Process
 Data
 Things
 IoE incorporates these four pillars to make networked
connections more relevant and valuable than ever
before.
 The information from these connections leads to decisions
and actions that create new capabilities, richer
experiences, and unprecedented economic opportunity

15. FOUR PILLARS OF IOE

16. FOUR PILLARS OF IOE - PEOPLE
Connecting people in more relevant, valuable ways.
 People provide their personal insights via websites,
applications or connected devices they use (such as
social networks, healthcare sensors and fitness
trackers);
 AI algorithms and other smart technologies analyze
this data to “understand” human issues and deliver
relevant content according to their personal or
business needs that helps them quickly solve issues or
make decisions.

17. FOUR PILLARS OF IOE - DATA
Converting data into intelligence to make better
decisions.
 The raw data generated by devices has no value.
But once it is summarized, classified and analyzed, it
turns into priceless information that can control
various systems and empower intelligent solutions.

18. FOUR PILLARS OF IOE - PROCESS
Delivering the right information to the right person (or
machine) at the right time.
 Different processes based on artificial
intelligence, machine learning, social networks
or other technologies ensure that the right
information is sent to the right person at the right
time.
 The goal of processes is to guarantee the best
possible usage of Big Data.

19. FOUR PILLARS OF IOE - THINGS
Physical devices and objects connected to the Internet
and each other for intelligent decision making; often
called Internet of Things (IoT).
 Various physical items embedded with sensors and
actuators generate data on their status and send it
to the needed destination across the network.

20. INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AND INTERNET
OF EVERYTHING (IOE)
The core difference between IoE and IoT is the number of
pillars for these concepts:
 IoT focuses on physical objects only where as IoE
encompasses four components (things, processes,
data and people)
 The IoT, in essence, is the interconnectivity of
physical objects that send and receive data, where
as IoE is a wider term that includes, apart from IoT,
numerous technologies and people as the end-
nodes.

21. INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AND INTERNET
OF EVERYTHING (IOE)

22. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN IOT & IOE
 Decentralization — both systems are distributed and
don’t have a single center; each node works as a
small management center and is able to perform
certain tasks independently.
 Security issues — distributed systems are still highly
vulnerable to penetration and cyber attacks; the more
devices are connected to the network, the higher the
susceptibility to breaches.
On the one hand, decentralization is one of the IoE and
IoT advantages, since the whole system doesn’t fail even
if there are problems in a couple of nodes. On the other
has, such a distribution causes disadvantages in the form
of threats for data security and personal privacy.

23. APPLICATIONS OF IOE
Practically every industry can apply the Internet of Everything
model into its processes and benefit from it. Here are some general
examples:
 Municipality systems can implement smart water and electricity
meters for residents and commercial organizations in order to
monitor usage rates and make decisions concerning economy
and cutting costs.
 The manufacturing industry can implement sensors for predictive
maintenance into production to monitor equipment parts that
need to be fixed or replaced. This helps eliminate downtime and
reduce the fixing costs.
 Logistics and delivery companies can introduce sensors and
smart devices on trucks to optimize delivery conditions and
possible routing. Eventually, companies can improve end-user
satisfaction.

24. Concluding remarks
 Overall, digitalization facilitates the creation
of millions of intelligent and automated
hardware pieces. The range of IoE
appliances is growing, and industries are
inevitably changing.
 We are definitely going to see the future of
ubiquitous connectivity. It will not
dramatically change the way we do
business, but it will help us provide better
services and create better products.