1) The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to connecting physical devices to the internet and having them communicate with each other without human intervention. 2) IoT devices communicate by knowing each other's names (IP addresses), speaking a common language through sensors, and listening to and processing data from other devices. 3) Examples of current IoT applications include smart home devices, connected vehicles, traffic monitoring apps, and wearable technology for pets.

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Internet of Things
It’s all started back in 1960’s when internet started to get in shape.
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was
one of the world's first operational packet switching networks, the first
network to implement TCP/IP, and one of the progenitors of what was
to become the global Internet. The World Wide Web ("WWW" or
simply the "Web") is a global information medium which users can
read and write via computers connected to the Internet. Sir Timothy
John "Tim" Berners-Lee best known as the inventor of the World Wide
Web in early 1990’s.
Internet continue to evolve, today it is mainly used for communication
between 2 humans or also known as H2H (Human to human
communication). It currently dominated by emails, chat services,
various messengers, websites, shopping portals, entertainment
websites. Today there are billions of devices that are connected to
internet processing more than petabytes of data. So important thing is
how much is internet size? Few years of ago we were describing hard
drive size of Megabytes and Gigabytes. Its not so distant future that
Terabyte is used frequently.
To give idea
· 1 Bit = Binary Digit
· 8 Bits = 1 Byte
· 1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte
· 1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
· 1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
· 1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte
· 1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte
· 1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte
· 1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte
· 1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte
· 1024 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte
· 1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte
It’s said that Google search engines processes approximately 20
petabyte of data requests every day!!!!

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What is Internet of Things?
What is Internet of Things? Is it visible? How it looks? Who owns it?
Answer is no one really knows for now….
Stephen Hawking to remind us that artificial intelligence might just
evolve a little quicker than we're prone to. The result could be the end
of our evolution and, indeed, the end of us. Is it Terminator from
Skynet? Skynet was a fictional self-aware artificial intelligence system
which features centrally in the Terminator franchise movie and serves
as the franchise's main antagonist. Skynet's operations are almost
exclusively performed by war-machines, cyborgs (usually a
Terminator), and other computer systems, with the goal of
exterminating the human race.
(Image Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Terminator#mediaviewer/File:Terminator1984movieposter.jpg )

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Kevin Ashton is known for inventing the term "the Internet of
Things" to describe a system where the Internet is connected to the
physical world via ubiquitous sensors.
Currently there are billions of devices connected to each other via
internet (More connected devices than people). Main goal of Internet
of Things (IoT) is using existing internet infrastructure to have
machines communicate with another machine without human
intervention and provide amazing results benefiting human.
Take an example of H2H (Human – Human) interaction in real world.
Typical conversation happens when they know
• Other person’s Name
• They speak common language
• They listen to other person and then reply back after processing
data (even gossip ☺ ).

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Similarly IoT devices will communicate with each other effectively
when they know
• Other Device Name ( IP Address – Ipv6 , RFID)
• They speak common language ( Listen via sensors )
• They listen to other device and process that data and send it
further to another machine or human.
In order to process such huge data such IoT devices will need to use
Big Data (e.g. Hadoop).
Examples of IoT are endless, example would be simple medicine
consumed by patient which will report all results digitally to doctors
directly, allowing doctor to take care of patient efficiently.
Various fields that will be beneficiated from IoT are
• Healthcare
o Drug usage tracking, giving accurate and real time data of
patient, allowing doctors to give emergency treatment
faster and accurate.
• Energy Consumption and monitoring
o Energy resources will be monitored by devices for
effective use
• Smart City
• Disaster Management
• Industrial Automation
• Smart Home
• Food Industry
o Control food quality , overproduction , wastage

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o Automatic nutrition control
Various IoT applications which are currently live or in production
• www.ninjablocks.com
Ninja Blocks are tiny cloud enabled computers that can sense
their environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors &
can affect their surroundings by controlling lights, power
sockets, and other actuators. Various examples of IoT based on
ninjablocks
o turn on the lights & heater when we get home
o get an alert when the washing is done
o know when washing is done
o upload a photo to dropbox when someone is in your room
o remotely turn home stuff on and off
• Vehicle Industry
IoT will be very useful in vehicles, when they become
increasingly connected, becoming self-aware, autonomous.
Helping to reduce road accidents and making travel more secure.

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• Google Waze
Waze is a GPS-based geographical navigation application
program for smartphones with GPS support and display screens
which provides turn-by-turn information and user-submitted
travel times and route details, downloading location-dependent
information over the mobile telephone network. It was
developed by the Israeli start-up Waze Mobile, which was
acquired by Google in 2013.
Waze differs from traditional GPS navigation software as it is a
community-driven application which gathers some
complementary map data and other traffic information from
users. It provides real time traffic update based on data
captured from other users. Provide nearest petrol pump etc.
• Google Nest
Nest Labs is a home automation company headquartered in Palo
Alto, California, that designs and manufactures sensor-driven,
Wi-Fi-enabled, self-learning, programmable thermostats and
smoke detectors. The Nest Learning Thermostat is an electronic,

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programmable, and self-learning Wi-Fi-enabled thermostat that
optimizes heating and cooling of homes and businesses to
conserve energy
• Android OS for Automobiles
There are over 1 billion cars on the road today. We rely on our
cars for so many things in our lives, but right now the connection
between them and the other mobile technology in our lives isn't
always seamless. The Open Automotive Alliance is a group of
leading automakers and technology companies that share a
vision for making technology in the car safer, more seamless and
more intuitive for everyone
• http://mydogsvoyce.com/
Voyce provides wearable technology that bridges the
communication gap between dogs, their owners. Three-part
approach of Discover, Learn, and Share gives unprecedented
insight into dog’s health and wellbeing, information and tools for
dog and ability to share with veterinarian and social networks
Concerns
There is so much data available publically via IoT. There are lot
of concerns that needs to be taken care before making such
products publically available
o Security , Privacy
How you handle security and privacy of people from illegal
access to this devices. Intruder can find a loophole into
system and can misuse this data.
o Environmental Usage
Current devices consume so much energy, affecting
environment. With addition of new devices which needs to
be using solar energy and not to increase pollution
o IoT is currently not governed by any country or any
standards. A strict standard needs to be in place to avoid
any major disaster
Benefits
Benefits of IoT are limitless, from safety of human to automation
of critical jobs to advance technology in medicine. IoT is going to
help humans achieve things that were seen impossible by

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humans earlier. IoT is going to create a multi billion dollor
business, creating more job opportunities. A better control and
governance is required for implementation of IoT. Only time will
tell how IoT is going to shape 21st
century.
If you have any questions or queries. Write to us @
contactus@rachittechnology.com or visit us on internet
http://www.rachittechnology.com
Image Credits
Wikipedia.org, ninjablocks.com, google nest, google waze,
tomfishburne.com