The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as a system of interrelated computing devices that can transfer data over a network without human interaction. An IoT system integrates sensors that collect data, connectivity methods to transfer the data to the cloud, data processing, and user interfaces to make the information useful. The document also examines current and future applications of IoT such as smart homes, wearables, smart cities, and connected cars. It concludes that IoT technologies connect the virtual and physical worlds to improve lives, but the infrastructure remains vulnerable to cyberattacks.

1. Internet of things
D.ABHISHEK

2. CONTENTS
• What is iot?
• How iot works?
• Current status of iot
• The future of iot
• Challenges
• applications
• conclusion

3. What is iot?
• The Internet of things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, and digital machines
provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring
human-to-computer interaction.
• The definition of the Internet of things has evolved due to multiple technologies, real-
time analytics, machine learning , commodity sensors, and embedded systems.
• It can also called as M2M(machine to machine), internet of everything , world wide web , sky net

4. History
• The main concept of a network of smart devices was discussed as early as 1982, with a
modified Coca-Cola vending machine at Carnegi University becoming the first Internet-connected
appliance, able to report its inventory and whether newly loaded drinks were cold or not.
• "Internet of things" was confirmed by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble, later MIT’s Auto-ID
Center, in 1999.
• The key driving force behind the Internet of things is the MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor
field-effect transistor, or MOS transistor)

5. How it works?
A complete IoT system integrates of:-
a) Sensors/Devices: sensors or devices collect data from their environment. This could be as
simple as a temperature reading.
b) Connectivity:The sensors/devices can be connected to the cloud through a variety of
methods including: cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth, local area networks[lan].
c) Data Processing:Once the data gets to the cloud, software performs some kind of processing
on it,such as checking that the temperature reading is within an acceptable range
d) User Interface:the information is made useful to the end-user in some way. This could be via
an alert to the user (email, text, notification, etc). For example, a text alert when the
temperature is too high in the company’s cold storage.

6. Current status & future of iot?

7. Why iot?
• Dynamic control of industry and daily life
• Improves the utilizations
• Flexible configuration
• Universal inter-networking

8. Implementation of iot
• Arduino
• Bolt iot
• raspberry pi

9. Arduino
• Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user community that
manufactures single-board microcontrollers and kits for building digital devices.
• Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message -
and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online.
• It uses c/c++ language
• Type:-Arduino Uno (R3) , LilyPad Arduino Board , Arduino Mega (R3) Board.

10. Bolt iot
• Bolt is an IoT platform to easily and quickly build products and services. Bolt comes with a
WiFi/GSM chip and a cloud platform which helps you connect your devices and sensors to the
Internet.
• It consist of ESP8266 module which is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip, with a full TCP/IP
stack and microcontroller

11. raspberry pi
• The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United Kingdom by
the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote teaching of basic computer science in schools and in developing
countries.
• The raspberry pi board comprises a program memory (RAM), processor and graphics chip, CPU, GPU,
Ethernet port, GPIO pins, Xbee socket, UART, power source connector.

12. Challenges faced by iot
• Scalability
• Security
• Technical requirements
• Software complexity

13. Solutions to the challenges
• Overcoming compatibility issues is big task , but the new upcoming companies are starting to enable
increased through open source development
• Government and industry bodies need to set of rules , regulations and standards to ensure that the data is
not misused
• Iot needs strong authentication methods , encrypted data and a platform that can track irregularities on a
network

14. Applications
1. Smart home: it is ranked as highest Internet of Things application on all measured channels. More than
60,000 people currently search for the term “Smart Home” each month
2. Wearables: most of the people await the release of Apple’s new smart watch, there are plenty of other
wearable innovations like the Sony Smart B Trainer, the Myo gesture control, or LookSee bracelet
3. Smart City: Smart city spans a wide variety of use , from traffic management to water distribution, to
waste management, urban security and environmental monitoring
4. Connected car: The connected car is coming up slowly , Google, Microsoft, and Apple have all announced
connected car platforms.

16. Conclusion
• Internet of Things is the concept in which the virtual world of information technology connected to the
real world of things.
• The technologies of Internet of things such as RFID and Sensor make our life become better and more
comfortable.
• Iot infrastructure is still prone to the cyber attacks.

17. References
• https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-the-internet-of-things-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-iot-
right-now/
• https://www.ibm.com/blogs/internet-of-things/what-is-the-iot/
• https://www.edureka.co/blog/iot-applications/
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167739X13000241