Resistance around the diagonal ends of the wire = 5R/6 = 50/6 = 25/3 = 8.333 Ohms Likes: 1 Dislikes: 0 Answer 1 key concept is in this symmetrical arrangement current goes symmmetrically through wires which are identical combine those nodes alogn which voltage dropped is same R/3 + R/6 + R/3 : 5R/6 Likes: 0 Dislikes: 0

1. 1

2. Definition of IoT
❑The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or "things"
embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity,
which enables these objects to collect and exchange data.
❑The definition of the Internet of Things has evolved due to the convergence of
multiple technologies, real-time analytics, machine learning, commodity
sensors, and embedded systems.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things)
❑The Internet of Things, or IoT, refers to the billions of physical devices around
the world that are now connected to the internet, collecting and sharing data.
(https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-the-internet-of-things-everything-you-
need-to-know-about-the-iot-right-now/)

3. Evolution of IoT

4. Types of
IoT
1. LPWANs
2. Cellular (3G/4G/5G)
3. Zigbee and Other Mesh Protocols
4. Bluetooth and BLE
5. Wi-Fi / Wi-Fi HaLow
6. RFID

6. Business Areas of IoT Application
1. Customer Service
1. IoT and Big Data
1. IoT and Machine Learning
1. Inventory Management
1. Precise Data Processing
1. Energy management
2. Transportation
3. Workforce Management

7. Business Areas of IoT Application

8. Business Areas of IoT Application

9. Business Areas of IoT Application

10. How IoT Works? 10
RFID Sensor Smart
Tech
Nano
Tech
To identify
and track
the data
of things
To collect
and process
the data to
detect the
changes in
the physical
status of
things
To enhance
the power of
the network by
devolving
processing
capabilities to
different part
of the network.
To make the
smaller and
smaller things
have the
ability to
connect and
interact.

11. The Structure of IoT
The IoT can be viewed as a gigantic network
consisting of networks of devices and computers
connected through a series of intermediate technologies
where numerous technologies like RFIDs, wireless
connections may act as enablers of this connectivity.
⮚ Tagging Things : Real-time item traceability and addressability
by RFIDs.
⮚ Feeling Things : Sensors act as primary devices to collect data
from the environment.
⮚ Shrinking Things : Miniaturization and Nanotechnology has
provoked the ability of smaller things to interact and connect
within the “things” or “smart devices.”
⮚ Thinking Things : Embedded intelligence in devices through
sensors has formed the network connection to the Internet. It
can make the “things” realizing the intelligent control. 11

12. IoT Capabilities?
Internet of Things is not the result of a single novel
technology; instead, several complementary technical
developments provide capabilities that taken together
help to bridge the gap between the virtual and physical
world. These capabilities include:
⮚Communication and cooperation
⮚Addressability
⮚Identification
⮚Sensing
⮚Actuation
⮚Embedded information processing
⮚Localization
⮚User interfaces
12

13. Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT
13
“Change is the only thing permanent in this world”

14. IoT Security Challenges - 1
⮚Insufficient testing and updating
⮚Brute-forcing and the issue of default passwords
⮚IoT malware and ransomware
⮚IoT botnets aiming at crypto currency
⮚Data security and privacy concerns (mobile, web, cloud)
⮚Small IoT attacks that evade detection
⮚AI and automation
⮚Remote vehicle access
⮚Untrustworthy communication
14

15. IoT Security Challenges - 2
▪ Scalability
▪ Technological Standardization
▪ Inter operability
▪ Discovery
▪ Software complexity
▪ Data volumes and interpretation
▪ Power Supply
▪ Interaction and short range communication
▪ Wireless communication
▪ Fault tolerance
15

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17. 17

18. Sensors in even the holy cow!
In the world of IoT, even the cows will be connected and
monitored. Sensors are implanted in the ears of cattle. This
allows farmers to monitor cows’ health and track their
movements, ensuring a healthier, more plentiful supply of milk
and meat for people to consume. On average, each cow
generates about 200 MB of information per year. 18

19. 19

20. 20

21. 21

22. 22
IoT helps you in LIFE LOGGING

23. 23

24. References
1. www.google.com
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things
3. Cisco whitepaper, "The Internet of Things" - How the Next
Evolution of the Internet Is Changing Everything, by Dave Evans,
April 2011.
4. GE cloud expo 2014, "Industrial Internet as a Service", by Shyam
Varan Nath, Principal Architect.
5. Dr. Mazlan Abbas, MIMOS Berhad, Wisma IEM, Petaling Jaya
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