Invited lecture on one day national seminar Biodiversity-sabang s.k.college-20-09-2019
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This document summarizes a speech given by Prof. Amal Kumar Mondal on biodiversity. Some key points from the speech: - India is considered one of the 17 megadiverse countries in the world due to its high number of endemic species. It contains 4 recognized biodiversity hotspots: the Himalayas, Western Ghats, Indo-Burma region, and Sundarbans. - Biodiversity hotspots are regions with exceptional levels of endemism and have lost at least 70% of their original natural vegetation. There are 34 biodiversity hotspots globally that represent only 2.3% of the Earth's land but contain over 50% of all plant species and 42%
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Invited lecture on one day national seminar Biodiversity-sabang s.k.college-20-09-2019
- 1. Prof. A. K. Mondal FLS FIAAT Professor of Botany & Coordinator UGC-DRS-SAP-II and DBT-BOOST-WB Department of Botany & Forestry Plant Taxonomy, Biosystematics and Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory Vidyasagar University20th September, 2019
- 2. Organized by the Sabang Sajanikanta College, Paschim Medinipur, Midnapore 20th September, 2019
- 3. Professor Amal Kumar Mondal, FLS, FIAAT Professor of Botany & Coordinator (UGC-DRS-SAP-II & DBT-BOOST-WB) Department of Botany & Forestry Vidyasagar University 20th September, 2019 INVITED SPEECH
- 4. 20th September, 2019 Average species disappear every hour Average species disappear every day Alarming Situation
- 5. 20th September, 2019 Total Number of plant Species Estimated in the World: Angiosperms , 3,82,000 Conifers, 1,050 Ferns and horse tails, 15,000 Bryophytes, 22,750
- 6. 8 main Floristic regions : 1. Western Himalayas, 2. Eastern Himalayas, 3. Assam, 4. Indus plain, 5. Ganges plain, 6. The Deccan, 7. Malabar & 8. The Andaman Island. 20th September, 2019
- 7. 20th September, 2019 Species Status in West Bengal Angiosperms, 3580 Gymnosperms, 21 Pteridophytes, 416 Bryophytes, 771 Algae, 873 Fungi, 539 Lichens, 329
- 8. 20th September, 2019 India: 37 Taxa Rare & Threatened West Bengal: described, 19 Medicinal Plants in West Bengal, 850 Triabal people used medicinal plant species, 1600 India
- 9. “ ” 20th September, 2019
- 10. 20th September, 2019 “The totality of gene species and a particular area is called biodiversity”.
- 45. 20th September, 2019 Prof. Norman Myers first coined and defined the most significant term “Hotspots: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Eco-regions” and a paper published in the journal Nature.
- 46. 20th September, 2019 To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot “A region must meet two strict criteria: It must contain at least- 0.5% or 1,500 species of vascular plants as endemics, And it has to have lost at least 70% of its primary vegetation. Around the world, 36 areas qualify under this definition.
- 48. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1st detected Hotspots, 18 2nd detected hotspots 25 3rd detected hotspots, 34 20th September, 2019 Total Biodiversity hotspots in the World
- 49. 20th September, 2019 34 areas around the world which are qualified as Biodiversity hotspots. These hotspots represent only 2.3% of the total Earth's land surface.
- 50. 20th September, 2019 It hosts 4 biodiversity hotspots: 1. The Himalayas, 2. The Western Ghats, 3. The Indo-Burma region and 4. The Sunderland (Includes Nicobar group of Islands). These hotspots have numerous endemic species. Biodiversity hotspots in India
- 51. World’s highest mountains, including Mt. Everest. It has variety of large diversity of plants. 20th September, 2019
- 52. 20th September, 2019 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 10000 Plant Species 3160, Endemic species Endemisms 31.6%
- 53. Tremendous population pressure the forests of Western Ghats and Sri Lanka; Have been dramatically impacted by demands for agriculture and Timber; The region is home to rich endemic assemblages of Plants. 20th September, 2019
- 54. 20th September, 2019 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 Plant Species, 13500 Endemic species 7000 51.9% Species Diversity
- 55. 20th September, 2019 Indo-Burma: Includes entire North-eastern India, except Assam and Andaman group of Islands ( Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and southern China). It has enormous diversity in plants and called biodiversity hotspot designated by Conservation International.
- 56. 20th September, 2019 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 5916 Plant Species 3049 Endemic Species 51.5% Endemisms Species Diversity
- 57. 20th September, 2019 Sundaland is a bio-geographical region of South-eastern Asia corresponding to a larger landmass that was exposed throughout the last 2.6 million years during periods when sea levels were lower. Includes Nicobar group of Islands (and Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore,Brunei, Philippines)
- 58. 20th September, 2019 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 25000 Plant Species 15000 Endemic Species 60% Endemisms Species Diversity
- 59. These are the species found only in a particular geographical region because of its isolation, soil and climatic conditions. 20th September, 2019
- 63. These are species whose population number are decreasing and are likely to become endangered with time. The list of threatened plants have been listed in a book called “RED DATA BOOK” 20th September, 2019
- 64. 20th September, 2019 RDB was first formulated by Sir Peter Scott. The major threatened categories under IUCN are: Extinct (EX), Endangered (En), Vulnerable (VU), Rare (R ) and In terminate species (IS). The list of few plants which occur in India and are rated as threatened in the 2003 IUCN red list.
- 65. Biodiversity is known for its multiple benefits: Economic benefitsEcological benefits Ethical benefits 20th September, 2019
- 68. 20th September, 2019 The majority of Earth's species and high numbers of endemic species. Conservation international (CI) identified 17 mega-diverse countries in 1998. Many of them are located in, or partially in, tropical or subtropical regions.
- 69. 20th September, 2019 In Alphabetical order, the 18 Megadiverse countries are:
- 70. 20th September, 2019 Mega-diversity means exhibiting great biodiversity. The main criteria for mega-diverse countries is endemism at the level of species, genera and families. A mega-diverse country must have at least 5,000 species of endemic plants and must border marine ecosystems.
- 71. 20th September, 2019 In the year 2002, Mexico formed a separate organisation focusing on Like- Minded Mega-diverse Countries, consisting of countries rich in biological diversity and associated traditional knowledge. This organisation includes all but three the megadiverse countries as identified by Conservation International (CI).
- 72. Biological diversity affects us all; It has direct consumptive value in food, agriculture, medicine, industry; It has aesthetic and recreational value; It maintains ecological balance and continues evolutionary process; It provides indirect ecosystem services like chemical cycling, soil management, waste treatment and pest control. 20th September, 2019
- 73. 20th September, 2019 Major Reasons for Loss of Biodiversity in Hotspots These include: 1. Destruction of habitats 2. Pollution and environmental degradation 3. Poaching 4. Climate Change It is high time to step up and start taking measures to protect our natural biodiversity beforetime actually runs out.
- 83. 20th September, 2019 Thank you