this presentation is the discussion between the relationship of environment and population as well as the adverse effect of overpopulation in the finite environment.
Causes, Effect And Consequences Of DeforestationZainab Arshad
Â
Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land for use such as arable land, pasture, urban use, logged area, or wasteland. Generally, the removal or destruction of significant areas of forest cover has resulted in a degraded environment with reduced biodiversity.
Effect of development on environment and population ecologyMegha Majoe
Â
Brief idea on the Impact of ongoing human development on our environment and Describing and understanding population ecology - Patterns of dispersion, Survivorship curve, Population growth, Exponential growth, ecological footprint etc
this presentation is the discussion between the relationship of environment and population as well as the adverse effect of overpopulation in the finite environment.
Causes, Effect And Consequences Of DeforestationZainab Arshad
Â
Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land for use such as arable land, pasture, urban use, logged area, or wasteland. Generally, the removal or destruction of significant areas of forest cover has resulted in a degraded environment with reduced biodiversity.
Effect of development on environment and population ecologyMegha Majoe
Â
Brief idea on the Impact of ongoing human development on our environment and Describing and understanding population ecology - Patterns of dispersion, Survivorship curve, Population growth, Exponential growth, ecological footprint etc
General introduction of deforestation term.
Causes of deforestation.
Effects of deforestation on the Environment (Atmospheric, Hydrological, soil, and biodiversity).
The economic impact of deforestation.
Rates of deforestation.
Deforestation in India.
How to control deforestation, by reducing emissions or reforestation or forest plantations.
"Reversing Deforestation is complicated, planting a tree is simple."
Do you know about Deforestation?
Deforestation refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world that are lost for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization or mining activities. It has been negatively affecting natural ecosystems, biodiversity and the climate.
CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
Agriculture
Commercial or industrial agriculture cause around 40% of forest loss â in the search for space to grow food, fibers or biofuel (such as palm oil, maize, cotton, sugar cane and many more)
Forest fires
We lose large number of trees each year due to fires in the forest. These Fires, whether causes by man or nature results in huge loss of forest cover.
Urbanization
With the expansion of cities and also due to population growth, more land is needed to establish housing and settlements. Therefore forest land is reclaimed.
Effects of Deforestation
Increase in Global Warming
Trees play a major role in controlling global warming. The trees utilize greenhouse gases, restoring the balance in the atmosphere. With constant deforestation, the ratio of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased.
Floods
When it rains, trees absorb and store a large amount of water with the help of their roots. When they are cut down, the flow of water is disrupted, and the soil loses its ability to retain water. It leads to floods in some areas and droughts in others.
Wildlife Extinction
Due to the massive felling down of trees, various animal species are lost. They lose their habitat and also forced to move to a new location. Many of them are even pushed to extinction.
How to Reduce and Prevent Deforestation?
Plant a Tree where you can
The most straightforward personal strategy to fight against deforestation is to plant a tree. Planting a tree could be considered a lifelong investment into the environment and your good mental health.
Educate Others
Still, many are entirely unaware of the global warming problem weâre facing. Educate your friends, family, and community by sharing the deforestation facts, and its causes and effects. You can make an impact!
Use less paper
Since the industry has such a high need for wood, it should come as no surprise that some part of the timber originates from illegal logging.
Recycle paper and cardboard
Imagine how many trees you can save and how much good they perform for the quality of our lives by recycling all your paper.
If we can understand what forests can do for us,
We can stop deforestation.
"Green is not just a greenery,
green is life"
by Ilma Siddiqui
this presentation is about deforestation which means removal of forest for surface of land. in this presentation we will discuss about the deforestation, its causes and effects etc. on environment.
Sustainable Development Goals Target 12.2.pdfFatimaBni
Â
The world is changing day by day . therefore it is needed positive change. To make the world a better place , we should change ourselves. And the main task to achieve sustainable development goals.
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES - PPTRishabh Kanth
Â
A power point presentation on the conservation of natural resources with concise and best matter for presentation.
Ping me at Twitter (https://twitter.com/rishabh_kanth), to Download this Presentation.
This presentation is about interdependence of man and environment. It highlights the environmental factors which contribute to the life of man. Further , it focuses on the factors which affect the weather and climate of Pakistan.
Environment is a comprehensive term which relates to man-nature relationship. It relates to plant, wildlife, water, land and man-made things as pollution resulting from industry and other such technological development.
General introduction of deforestation term.
Causes of deforestation.
Effects of deforestation on the Environment (Atmospheric, Hydrological, soil, and biodiversity).
The economic impact of deforestation.
Rates of deforestation.
Deforestation in India.
How to control deforestation, by reducing emissions or reforestation or forest plantations.
"Reversing Deforestation is complicated, planting a tree is simple."
Do you know about Deforestation?
Deforestation refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world that are lost for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization or mining activities. It has been negatively affecting natural ecosystems, biodiversity and the climate.
CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION
Agriculture
Commercial or industrial agriculture cause around 40% of forest loss â in the search for space to grow food, fibers or biofuel (such as palm oil, maize, cotton, sugar cane and many more)
Forest fires
We lose large number of trees each year due to fires in the forest. These Fires, whether causes by man or nature results in huge loss of forest cover.
Urbanization
With the expansion of cities and also due to population growth, more land is needed to establish housing and settlements. Therefore forest land is reclaimed.
Effects of Deforestation
Increase in Global Warming
Trees play a major role in controlling global warming. The trees utilize greenhouse gases, restoring the balance in the atmosphere. With constant deforestation, the ratio of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased.
Floods
When it rains, trees absorb and store a large amount of water with the help of their roots. When they are cut down, the flow of water is disrupted, and the soil loses its ability to retain water. It leads to floods in some areas and droughts in others.
Wildlife Extinction
Due to the massive felling down of trees, various animal species are lost. They lose their habitat and also forced to move to a new location. Many of them are even pushed to extinction.
How to Reduce and Prevent Deforestation?
Plant a Tree where you can
The most straightforward personal strategy to fight against deforestation is to plant a tree. Planting a tree could be considered a lifelong investment into the environment and your good mental health.
Educate Others
Still, many are entirely unaware of the global warming problem weâre facing. Educate your friends, family, and community by sharing the deforestation facts, and its causes and effects. You can make an impact!
Use less paper
Since the industry has such a high need for wood, it should come as no surprise that some part of the timber originates from illegal logging.
Recycle paper and cardboard
Imagine how many trees you can save and how much good they perform for the quality of our lives by recycling all your paper.
If we can understand what forests can do for us,
We can stop deforestation.
"Green is not just a greenery,
green is life"
by Ilma Siddiqui
this presentation is about deforestation which means removal of forest for surface of land. in this presentation we will discuss about the deforestation, its causes and effects etc. on environment.
Sustainable Development Goals Target 12.2.pdfFatimaBni
Â
The world is changing day by day . therefore it is needed positive change. To make the world a better place , we should change ourselves. And the main task to achieve sustainable development goals.
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES - PPTRishabh Kanth
Â
A power point presentation on the conservation of natural resources with concise and best matter for presentation.
Ping me at Twitter (https://twitter.com/rishabh_kanth), to Download this Presentation.
This presentation is about interdependence of man and environment. It highlights the environmental factors which contribute to the life of man. Further , it focuses on the factors which affect the weather and climate of Pakistan.
Environment is a comprehensive term which relates to man-nature relationship. It relates to plant, wildlife, water, land and man-made things as pollution resulting from industry and other such technological development.
Environmental Protection Law â An Act to Improve the Quality of EnvironmentArul Edison
Â
Environmental degradation in India has been caused by a variety of social, economic, institutional and technological factors. Rapidly growing population, urbanization and industrial activities have all resulted in considerable deterioration in the quality and sustainability of the environment. Environmental ethics have also formed an inherent part of Indian religious precepts and philosophy. Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the natural environment on individual, organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the natural environment and humans. The Objectives of study is to understand the basic principles of the Act such as To co-ordinate the activities of the various regulatory agencies already in existence, Creation of an authority or authorities with adequate powers for environmental protection, Regulation of discharge of environmental pollutants and handling of hazardous substance, Speedy response in the event of accidents threatening environmental and deterrents punishment to those who endanger human environment, safety and health. Acts are enforced in the country, but their implement is not so easy. The reason is their implementation needs great resources, technical expertise, political and social will. Again the people are to be made aware of these rules.
Clean environment is a necessity in today's world to protect ourselves and the planet from any catastrophe.India being a developing nation has to be more cautious.
Water is known to be elixir of life. No life can exist on this planet devoid of water. Water remains the creator, supporter and sustainer of all living beings .However, despite 71% of the area of earth is under oceans, potable water remains valuable for the simple reason that Ninety-seven percent (97%) of total water available on this planet is, primarily and essentially, salt water which is not suitable and appropriate for drinking. Only three percent (3%) of total water on earth is freshwater, out of which only 0.5% is suitable for drinking, while remaining 2.5% of freshwater is found locked in glaciers, ice caps, atmosphere, soil or under the Earthâs surface. Accordingly, water needs to be valued, preserved, protected and used with utmost care and caution. Involving communities and making them active partners in understanding and appreciating the criticality of water in human living. Involving educational institutions; making water integral part of study curricula; Evolving appropriate technologies for restoring waste water for human consumption; making water integral part of settlement planning; Adopting regional approach ; Reinventing sanitation system and shifting it from water base to non- water base; Promoting multiple use of water and adopting circular economy approach; Reinventing and restoring the traditional systems of water sourcing and storage ; Optimization of rain water harvesting, improving water resources management ; Putting in place good governance , adopting a multi-pronged strategy, involving individuals, communities, stakeholders and bringing them on a common platform besides mapping , preserving, protecting, promoting, integrating all the available sources of water ; adoption of a holistic and integrated approach to water management will not only help in eradicating poverty, building peaceful and prosperous societies and achieving the agenda mandated in Goal 6 of SDG 2030, but will also ensure that âno one is left behindâ on the road towards sustainable development.
environmental issue are the major problem in our India and it is our major responsibility to identify all environmental issue and try to overcome it and make our country a sustainable, clean and green country .
A Review on Effects of Deforestation on Landslide: Hill Areasijsrd.com
Â
Deforestation, clearance or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use. Deforestation includes conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. Since the industrial age, about half of world's original forests have been destroyed and millions of animals and living things have been endangered. Despite the improvements in education, information and general awareness of the importance of forests, deforestation has not reduced much, and there are still many more communities and individuals who still destroy forest lands for personal gains. Deforestation also provides stability to slope through which mass movement of rocks, debris could not occur. As the plant or tree roots provides some reinforcement and also remove groundwater. On hilly areas vegetation can stabilize steep slopes and if the cutting of trees continues it would result in a drastic change in the atmosphere or in the environment. In this paper there is summarization of cause of deforestation, deforestation causes, environment changes i.e. loss of biodiversity and how deforestation is related to landslide.
Issues, Challenges and Opportunities for Making India zero Water WasteJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Â
Paper looks at the criticality of water as Elixir of Life and its role and importance in making human beings happy, healthy and productive. Considering the limitations imposed by the limited availability of potable water in the face of ever increasing human population and increasing demand for water, paper looks at the options of conserving, preserving , valuing and managing water so that water remains perpetually available to humanity- both present and future
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Â
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Â
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECDâs Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Â
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Â
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Â
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
Â
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Â
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. Little Brief
On India
With a population of 1.2 billion, India is the second most populous country in the
world. Improving economic conditions is a primary reason for such a large population
and the standard of living within India has increased as well in recent decades. For
example, the average life expectancy increased from 42.4 to 63.7 years between
1960 and 2008.
Many Indians have been settling in the countryâs ever-expanding cities as the most
economic opportunities can be found there.
In addition to its growing urban environs, India also has a wide range of natural
ecosystems. The worldâs tallest mountain range, the Himalayas, stretches across
Indiaâs northern border. The countryâs driest ecosystem, The Great Indian Desert, is in
the western part of the country, while eastern India sees some of the highest annual
rainfall totals in the world during the monsoon season from June to October.
3. Hello!
I am Jayden Smith
I am here because I love to
give presentations. You can
find me at @username
4. Some of The Most
Important
Environmental
Challenges Faced
By India
6. 1. Growing
Population
A population of over thousands of millions is growing at 2.11 per cent every year. It
puts considerable pressure on its natural resources and reduces the gains of
development. Hence, the greatest challenge before us is to limit the population
growth. Although population control does automatically lead to development, yet
the development leads to a decrease in population growth rates.
7. 2. Poverty India has often been described a rich land with poor people. The poverty and
environmental degradation have a nexus between them. The vast majority of our
people are directly dependent on the nature resources of the country for their basic
needs of food, fuel shelter and fodder. About 40% of our people are still below the
poverty line.
Environment degradation has adversely affected the poor who depend upon the
resources of their immediate surroundings. Thus, the challenge of poverty and the
challenge environment degradation are two facts of the same challenge. The
population growth is essentially a function of poverty. Because, to the very poor,
every child is an earner and helper and global concerns have little relevance for him.
8. 3. Agricultural
Growth
The people must be acquainted with the methods to sustain and increase
agricultural growth with damaging the environment. High yielding varieties have
caused soil salinity and damage to physical structure of soil.
9. 4. Need For
Ground
Water
It is essential of rationalizing the use of groundwater. Factors like community
wastes, industrial effluents and chemical fertilizers and pesticides have polluted our
surface water and affected quality of the groundwater.
It is essential to restore the water quality of our rivers and other water body as lakes
is an important challenge. It so finding our suitable strategies for consecration of
water, provision of safe drinking water and keeping water bodies clean which are
difficult challenges is essential.
10. 5. Development
& Forests
Forests serve catchments for the rivers. With increasing demand of water, plan to
harness the mighty river through large irrigation projects were made. Certainly,
these would submerge forests; displace local people, damage flora and fauna.
As such, the dams on the river Narmada, Bhagirathi and elsewhere have become
areas of political and scientific debate. Forests in India have been shrinking for
several centuries owing to pressures of agriculture and other uses. Vast areas that
were once green, stand today as wastelands.
These areas are to be brought back under vegetative cover. The tribal communities
inhabiting forests respects the trees and birds and animal that gives them
sustenance. We must recognize the role of these people in restoring and
conserving forests.
11. 6. Degradation
of Land
At present out of the total 329 mha of land, only 266 mha possess any potential
for production. Of this, 143 mha is agricultural land nearly and 85 suffer from
varying degrees of soil degradation. Of the remaining 123 mha, 40 are completely
unproductive.
The remaining 83 mha is classified as forest land, of which over half is denuded to
various degrees. Nearly 406 million head of livestock have to be supported on 13
mha, or less than 4 per cent of the land classified as pasture land, most of which is
overgrazed. Thus, of 226 mha, about 175 mha or 66 per cent is degraded to varying
degrees. Water and wind erosion causes further degradation of almost 150 mha.
12. 7. Reorientation
of Institutions
The people should be roused to orient institutions, attitudes and infrastructures, to
suit conditions and needs today. The change has to be brought in keeping in view
Indiaâs traditions for resources use managements and education etc. Change
should be brought in education, in attitudes, in administrative procedures and in
institutions. Because it affects way people view technology resources and
development.
13. 8. Reduction
of Genetic
Diversity
At present most wild genetic stocks have been disappearing from nature. Wilding
including the Asiatic Lion are facing problem of loss of genetic diversity. The
protected areas network like sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves are
isolating populations. So, they are decreasing changes of one group breeding with
another. Remedial steps are to be taken to check decreasing genetic diversity.
14. 9. Evil
Consequences
of Urbanization
Nearly 27 per cent Indians live in urban areas. Urbanization and industrialization
has given birth to a great number of environmental problems that need urgent
attention. Over 30 per cent of urban Indians live in slums. Out of Indiaâs 3,245
towns and cities, only 21 have partial or full sewerage and treatment facilities.
Hence, coping with rapid urbanization is a major challenge.
15. 10. Air & Water
Pollution
Majority of our industrial plants are using out-dated and population technologies
and makeshift facilities devoid of any provision of treating their wastes. A great
number of cities and industrial areas that have been identified as the worst in terms
of air and water pollution.
Acts are enforced in the country, but their implement is not so easy. The reason is
their implementation needs great resources, technical expertise, political and social
will. Again the people are to be made aware of these rules. Their support is
indispensable to implement these rules.
18. Environmental
Issues In India
While India has gone through a rapid period of economic growth in recent years,
critics say that growth has come at a severe cost to the countryâs environment in
the form of deforestation, pollution and threats to endangered species.
A high standard of living in India has increased the demand for lumber and this has
led to significant deforestation within the country. According to the World Wildlife
Fund, overall industrial round wood usage in India could surpass 70 million square
meters annually by 2020. Domestic supply would fall short of this number by
approximately 14 million square meters.
19. Tree stumps are
left here due to
disease and illegal
logging
(deforestation)
high in the
mountains of
western Arunachal
Pradesh, north east
India.
20. Environmental
Issues In India
As the nation must count heavily on imports to meet this growing need, there is
anxiety that this could cause loss of forests with high conservation values and
significantly lower biodiversity. The problem is only made worse by the fact that
some of the worldâs most iconic and endangered species live in India.
India is also known for having some of the worldâs worst pollution. A 2013 report
from Indiaâs Central Pollution Control Board found that more than 2,700 million
litres per day of domestic sewage is discharged by cities located along the Ganges
River.
âCities have grown without planning and investment, so most do not have
underground drainage networks,â the report said. âWaste is generated but not
conveyed to treatment plants. There is no power to run treatment plants; bankrupt
municipalities and water utilities have no money to pay for operations.â
21. Environmental
Policies In India
Indiaâs current environmental policy is dominated by the countryâs landmark
National Environment Policy 2006. The policy starts by acknowledging
environmental degradation in India is being driven by population growth, poor
resource usage choices, and poverty. The guidelines then go on to state that
environmental protections need to be integrated into development processes.
The policy also stated that a lack of full scientific certainty is not a valid reason for
postponing measures to stop degradation. Finally, the policy said any polluter
should generally bear the cost of pollution. The 2006 policy also outlined plans for
protecting environmentally sensitive zones, water conservation measures, wildlife
protection and protection of wetlands.
22. Clean
Technology In
India
Despite its reputation for environmental problems, India is starting to invest in
clean technology on a massive scale.
Indiaâs Ministry of New & Renewable Energy reported in 2015 the country has an
operational solar power capacity of over 4 GW. Indiaâs solar energy capacity has
largely been fuelled by the countryâs National Solar Mission and the endeavour put
India on pace to be one of the top 10 solar markets in the world by the end of
2015.
Many investors and venture capitalists are now seeing India as the ânext big thingâ
for clean technology investments. In 2015, Bloomberg predicted clean energy
investments in India would surpass $10 billion for the first time since 2011.
Observers credited energy reforms from the government elected in May 2014 as
the reason for the boom in clean energy investment.
24. A Clean
Future?
According to a 2014 report from the World Bank, ecosystem degradation in India
currently costs the country $80 billion annually, or 5.7 percent of GDP. If the
country wants to break the cycle of environmental loss and resource depletion, it
must further embrace clean technology and sustainable policies, the World Bank
said.
The good news, the report said, is sustainable policies and technology is affordable,
with policy interventions potentially yielding benefits with minimal costs for India.
A low-emission, resource-efficient strategy would be particularly helpful. For
example, reducing particulate emission by 30 percent would cost $97 billion and
reduce growth by 0.03 percent, yet save $105 billion in healthcare costs.
27. What is
Environment?
An "environment" is the whole of surrounding things. Surroundings are defined by
a central entity. In ecology, environment refers to the surroundings of humankind.
Generally, environment refers to the biological, physical and social things on the
earth or in inhabitable space outside the earth's atmosphere.
Some of the problems affecting us: -
1. Acid Rain
2. Air Pollution
3. Water Pollution
4. Global Warming
5. Deforestation
6. Over Population
etc.
28. Acid Rain The term acid rain refers to what scientists call acid deposition. It is caused by
airborne acidic pollutants and has highly destructive results.
Acid rain, one of the most important environmental problems of all, cannot be
seen. The invisible gases that cause acid rain usually come from automobiles or
coal-burning power plants.
Automobiles produce about half of the world's nitrogen oxide. As the number of
automobiles in use increases, so does the amount of acid rain. Power plants that
burn fossil fuels also contribute significantly to nitrogen oxide emission.
Acid rain comes down to the earth in the form of rain, snow, hail, fog, frost, or
dew. Once it reaches the ground, the acidity in the substance can harm and even
destroy both natural ecosystems and man-made products, such as car finishes.
29. Acid Rain -
Effects
Many ecosystems are affected by acid rain. Bodies of water, such as lakes and
rivers, see many of their inhabitants die off due to rising acidity levels. Aside from
aquatic bodies, acid deposition can significantly impact forests. As acid rain falls on
trees, it can make them lose their leaves, damage their bark, and stunt their growth.
By damaging these parts of the tree, it makes them vulnerable to disease, extreme
weather, and insects.
Finally, acid deposition also has an impact on architecture and art because of its
ability to corrode certain materials. As acid lands on buildings (especially those
constructed with limestone) it reacts with minerals in the stones sometimes
causing it to disintegrate and wash away. Acid deposition can also corrode modern
buildings, cars, railroad tracks, airplanes, steel bridges, and pipes
above and below ground.
30.
31. Acid Rain -
Sollutions
There are many ways that power plant companies can reduce acid rain
creation. They can use coal with a low sulphur content, they can remove the
sulphur from smoke their plants release, and they can limit processes known to
generate high levels of acid rain.
Environmentalists advocate the installation of sulphur cleaning scrubbers in
factories, washing sulphur out of coal, and finding new methods of burning
coal. Power plant operators are looking for less expensive solutions to the
problem.
32. Air Pollution Every day, the average person inhales about 20,000 litres of air. Every time we
breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous chemicals that have found their way into the
air. Air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere. These
dangerous substances can be either in the form of gases or particles.
Air pollution can be found both outdoors and indoors. Pollutants can be trapped
inside buildings, causing indoor pollution that lasts for a long time. The sources of
air pollution are both natural and human-based. As one might expect, humans
have been
Industrialization, Globalization, Population Growth are now the main drivers of
pollution as we know it.
33. Air Pollution -
Effects
Of course, atmospheric pollution would not be such a big problem if it werenât for
its harmful effects on humans, animals, trees and the wider environment.
We can distinguish between short-term acute effects and long-term chronic
effects of air pollution.
Air pollutants enter the body primarily through the respiratory system which thus
becomes their main victim. Each air pollutant exerts their own specific adverse
impacts, ranging from mild to really damaging.
35. Air Pollution -
Solutions
There are two main types of pollution control: -
Input control involves preventing a problem before it occurs, or at least limiting the
effects the process will produce.
Five major input control methods exist. People may try to restrict population
growth use less energy, improve energy efficiency, reduce waste, and move to
non-polluting renewable forms of energy production. Also, automobile-produced
pollution can be decreased with highly beneficial results.
36. Air Pollution -
Solutions
Output control, the opposite method, seeks to fix the problems caused by air
pollution. This usually means cleaning up an area that has been damaged by
pollution.
Input controls are usually more effective than output controls. Output controls are
also more expensive, making them less desirable to tax payers and polluting
industries.
Current air pollution control efforts are not all highly effective. In wealthier
countries, industries are often able to shift to methods that decrease air pollution.
37. Water
Pollution
Water pollution can be defined in many ways. Usually, it means one or more
substances have built up in water to such an extent that they cause problems for
animals or people. Oceans, lakes, rivers, and other inland waters can naturally clean
up a certain amount of pollution by dispersing it harmlessly.
Thus, water pollution is all about quantities: how much of a polluting substance is
released and how big a volume of water it is released into.
Water pollution almost always means that some damage has been done to an
ocean, river, lake, or other water source.
38. Water
Pollution -
Effects
Sewage is good example of how pollution can affect us all. Sewage discharged into
coastal waters can wash up on beaches and cause a health hazard. People who
bathe or surf in the water can fall ill if they swallow polluted waterâyet sewage can
have other harmful effects too: it can poison fishes that grow near the shore.
Pollution matters because it harms the environment on which people depend. The
environment is not something distant and separate from our lives. Destroying the
environment ultimately reduces the quality of our own livesâand that, most
selfishly, is why pollution should matter to all of us.
40. Water
Pollution -
Solutions
Broadly speaking, there are three different things that can help to tackle the
problemâeducation, laws, and economicsâand they work together as a team.
Education
Making people aware of the problem is the first step to solving it.
Laws
One of the biggest problems with water pollution is its transboundary nature. Many
rivers cross countries, while seas span whole continents. Pollution discharged by
factories in one country with poor environmental standards can cause problems in
neighbouring nations, even when they have tougher laws and higher standards.
Environmental laws can make it tougher for people to pollute, but to be really
effective they have to operate across national and international borders.
41. Water
Pollution -
Solutions
Economics
Most environmental experts agree that the best way to tackle pollution is through
something called the polluter pays principle. This means that whoever causes
pollution should have to pay to clean it up, one way or another. Polluter pays can
operate in all kinds of ways. It could mean that tanker owners should have to take
out insurance that covers the cost of oil spill clean-ups, for example. It could also
mean that shoppers should have to pay for their plastic grocery bags, to encourage
recycling and minimize waste. Or it could mean that factories that use rivers must
have their water inlet pipes downstream of their effluent outflow pipes, so if they
cause pollution they themselves are the first people to suffer.
42. Global
Warming
Global warming is called the greenhouse effect because the gases that are
gathering above the earth make the planet comparable to a greenhouse. By
trapping heat near the surface of the earth, the greenhouse effect is warming the
planet and threatening the environment. One of the largest factors contributing to
global warming is the general problem of overpopulation and its many effects.
Many different gases can increase the planet's temperature. The number of
different products and human activities that contribute to global warming are so
numerous that finding solutions to the problem is very difficult.
Using a refrigerator releases dangerous gases, turning on the lights requires energy
from a power plant, and driving to work causes gas emissions from the
car. Countless other normal activities lead to global warming.
43. Global
Warming -
Effects
The climate changes that will result from global warming are extremely difficult to
predict. The weather is determined by so many factors that it is often compared to
chaos by scientists. Changing the temperature will likely have some effect on the
planet's weather, but just what that effect will be is nearly impossible to predict.
If temperatures do indeed rise significantly, the most important result would be
that some portion of the polar icecaps would melt, raising global sea levels.
45. Global
Warming -
Solutions
The problems that cause global warming include overpopulation, deforestation
ozone depletion, garbage dumping, and many others. These all have unique
solutions which are now being promoted by environmentalists.
Some policies could successfully reduce global warming. Raising fossil fuels, taxing
emissions, and encouraging people to take environmentally friendly action through
such activities as planting trees will all help.
Because many problems leading to global warming are caused or contributed to by
overpopulation, people are beginning to work to reduce family sizes. Family
planning services actually help in the fight against global warming.
46. Global
Warming -
Solutions
Education is a key method of reducing the greenhouse effect. By teaching people
about such things as deforestation, environmental activists hope to prevent the
problems that ultimately lead to global warming.
Widespread media attention to the global warming problem is also increasing
awareness. This is causing both individuals and governments to act more
responsibly towards the environment.
The rise in sea levels would be disastrous for some places. Islands would disappear,
meaning their millions of inhabitants would have to relocate. Flooding would occur
along coastlines all over the world, displacing more people and ruining cropland.
In the case of major global warming and melted ice caps, some countries might
simply cease to exist.
47. Deforestation Rain forests are being quickly destroyed, and their survival is questionable. Unlike
some environmental issues, rain forest depletion has fortunately received
significant public and media attention.
Despite the opposition to the cutting down of rain forests, the problem
continues. Every year, Brazil chops down an area of forest the size of the state of
U.P.
In addition to the Amazon's rain forests, many other forests are being cut down as
well. Guinea, Malaysia, Burma, the Philippines, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, and
Venezuela, rain forests that were once great have been lost.
48. Deforestation According to some estimates, 50 million acres of rain forest are cut down every
year. The United Nations says the figure is closer to 17 million acres. The World
Wildlife Fund says that every minute, 25 to 50 acres are cut or burned to the
ground.
The world's growing population has been a primary cause of rain forest
destruction. More people need land to live on and wood products to
consume. Limiting population growth may be the first in a series of steps that
would limit the destruction of the rain forests.
50. Deforestation â
Effects &
Solutions
Commercial logging companies cut down mature trees that have been selected for
their timber. The timber trade defends itself by saying that this method of
'selective' logging ensures that the forest regrows naturally and in time, is once
again ready for their 'safe' logging practices. In most cases, this is untrue due to the
nature of rainforests and of logging practices.
Solutions: For all purposes for which tropical timber is used, other woods or
materials could be substituted.
We can stop using tropical timber and urge others to do the same. As long as there
is a market for tropical timbers, trees will continue to be cut down. Labelling
schemes, aimed at helping consumers to chose environmental friendly timbers,
are currently being discussed in many countries.
52. Submitted By: - Utkarsh Tomar
16001506019
M.Arch 1st Year (Sustainable Architecture)
Submitted To: - Ar. Neha Yadav
(Fundamentals of Sustainable Architecture)
53. ⢠India Facts - National Geographic
⢠India and Its Incredible Pollution Problem - The Japan Times
⢠Environmental Problems in India - World Wildlife Fund
⢠National Environmental Policy 2006 - General Knowledge Today
⢠India Achieves 4 Gigawatts Installed Solar Powered Capacity â Clean
Technica
⢠India: Green Growth - Overcoming Environment Challenges to Promote
Development - The World Bank
⢠India Clean Investment Hits $7.9 Billion, Expected to Pass $10 Billion
Clean Technica
References