This document provides information on biodiversity and the environment. It defines biodiversity as the variability among living organisms, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. It describes the main types of biodiversity as genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. Facts about biodiversity globally and in India are presented, such as estimates of the total number of species worldwide and percentages of forest cover. Threats to biodiversity like deforestation and overexploitation are outlined. The value of biodiversity is explained in terms of providing resources and maintaining ecosystem services. Conservation measures like protected areas and restoration are recommended.
This is the 7th lesson of the course - Foundation of Environmental Management taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Hello. I am Kripa Thapa Magar, Public Health Professional. This slide was prepared when I was in BPH 4th semester, National Open College as an assignment of environmental health subject by compiling information from different sources.
This is the 7th lesson of the course - Foundation of Environmental Management taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Hello. I am Kripa Thapa Magar, Public Health Professional. This slide was prepared when I was in BPH 4th semester, National Open College as an assignment of environmental health subject by compiling information from different sources.
Conservation of Biodiversity is the need of the hour. Awareness is a must for biodiversity conservation.Various strategies of conservation are included in the presentation.
Very useful for pre university students and those are seriously preparing for CET,AIIMS and NEET exams. Please give your valuable feedback or leave a message. you find it informative like it and share it
Why and how do we evaluate ecosystems, Nature is the source of much value to us every day, and yet it mostly bypasses markets, escapes pricing and defies valuation. This lack of valuation is an underlying cause for ecological degradation and loss of biodiversity. Globally, efforts are being made to assess impact of conservation or degradation of ecological resources and a new term Green Gross Domestic Product (GGDP) has also been coined to reflect the same.
Unit 3 VCE Environmental Science; Area of Study 2: Biodiversity looks at the benefits of biodiversity, the threats and conservation of the different levels - genetic, species and ecosystem.
Biodiversity
valves of biodiversity
threats to biodiversity
conservation of biodiversity
Environment
conservation of biodiversity
types of biodiversity
threats to biodiversity
Ppt is made vailable for public for scientifc use.
Population ecology concept and its characteristics explained by using practical examples in a simple language. data is significant for competitive examinations
Conservation of Biodiversity is the need of the hour. Awareness is a must for biodiversity conservation.Various strategies of conservation are included in the presentation.
Very useful for pre university students and those are seriously preparing for CET,AIIMS and NEET exams. Please give your valuable feedback or leave a message. you find it informative like it and share it
Why and how do we evaluate ecosystems, Nature is the source of much value to us every day, and yet it mostly bypasses markets, escapes pricing and defies valuation. This lack of valuation is an underlying cause for ecological degradation and loss of biodiversity. Globally, efforts are being made to assess impact of conservation or degradation of ecological resources and a new term Green Gross Domestic Product (GGDP) has also been coined to reflect the same.
Unit 3 VCE Environmental Science; Area of Study 2: Biodiversity looks at the benefits of biodiversity, the threats and conservation of the different levels - genetic, species and ecosystem.
Biodiversity
valves of biodiversity
threats to biodiversity
conservation of biodiversity
Environment
conservation of biodiversity
types of biodiversity
threats to biodiversity
Ppt is made vailable for public for scientifc use.
Population ecology concept and its characteristics explained by using practical examples in a simple language. data is significant for competitive examinations
Biodiversity and its Conservation methodsNishat Fatima
Biodiversity describes the richness and variety of life on earth. It is the most complex and important feature of our planet. Without biodiversity, life would not sustain.
Biodiversity holds ecological and economic significance. It provides us with nourishment, housing, fuel, clothing and several other resources. It also extracts monetary benefits through tourism. Therefore, it is very important to have a good knowledge of biodiversity for a sustainable livelihood.
Biological diversity' means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.”
Convention on Biological Diversity 1992
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
Genetic diversity
Species Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity
This presentation covers the fundamental biodiversity pattern across the globe, Indian sub continent and Karnataka region as well. This is suited for the students studying at UG and PG levels. It also helps in competitive exam preparations.
Biodiversity and its conservation. In situ conservation of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity. Endangered and endemic species of India, germplasm conservation
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
3. Biodiversity - Definition
The variability among living organisms from all
sources including terrestrial, marine, and other
aquatic ecosystems and the ecological
complexes of which they are a part; this
includes diversity within species, between
species and of ecosystems.
4. Types of Biodiversity
1.
Genetic diversity - genetic variability or diversity
within a species, i.e. between the individuals of a
species
Example ; 5,000 recorded varieties of mango
88,000 recorded varieties of Oryza sativa
5. 2.Species diversity - diversity between different species
Example ; Felis tigris
Felis domestica
7. Facts related to Biodiversity
Total Land Area of Earth –
510,065,284 sq.km
Forest Cover – 38.7 m. sq.km
(26%)
40% of Global Forest Land is
in South America, Africa,
and South Asia.
8. Facts related to Biodiversity contd..
There are 5 million to 100 million
species on earth.
Only about 1.9 million species
have been catalogued so far.
There are 34
“ Hotspots” in the world.
recognised
44.4% of Global Plant species and
35.3% of Vertebrate species are
present in Hotspots.
9. Facts related to Biodiversity contd..
Total land area of India
- 143 million.ha
India occupies 2.47% of the World’s geographical
area and has only 1% of the forest
India has 16.1% of world human
population and 15.1% of cattle
population
Forest Cover in India –
23.57 %
10. Facts related to Biodiversity contd..
India is sharing 12.53 % of
world’s biodiversity
India has 3.9 % of grasslands,
2.0 % of hot deserts, 4.1 m.ha
of wetland ecosystems.
India is the 7th largest country in
the world and one among the
17 mega diversity centers.
11. Facts related to Biodiversity contd..
India recorded :
45,000 + species of wild plants
89,000 + species of wild animals
At least 320 species of wild
relatives of crops have been
originated here.
12. In India:
Facts related to Biodiversity contd..
1,39,000 species of plants, animals
and microbes are recorded
More than 4 lakh species are yet to be
identified
There are three mega centers of
endemism and 26 micro centers of
endemism
13. PLANT SPECIES IN INDIA AND WORLD
Taxa
Species
India
World
Bacteria
850
4000
Viruses
unknown
Algae
6500
40,000
Fungi
14,500
72,000
Lichens
2000
17,000
Bryophyta
2850
16,000
Pteridophyta
1100
13000
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
64
17,500
4000
750
250,000
14. ANIMAL SPECIES IN INDIA AND WORLD
Taxa
Species
India
World
Insects
60,000
8,00000
Mollusca
5000
100000
Fishes
2,500
23,000
Amphibians
190
4,520
Reptiles
400
6,550
Birds
1,175
8,400
Mammals
872
4,231
15. Hotspots
1. Endemism(0.5% or 1500 species of the world’s 3
Lakh Plant species as endemics should
be present)
2. Degree of Threat
Hotspots
1. Western Ghats
2. Eastern Himalayas
3. Indo-Burma region
4. Sundaland (Indonesia, Malaysia, parts
of India especially Nicobar Islands)
16. IUCN categories
Extinct
A species not definitely located in
the wild and never sighted even
once in the last 50 years
Threatened Species: The term is used in conservation
context for species which are in
one of the categories –
Endangered
Vulnerable
Rare
Indeterminate
RED DATA BOOK
17. Why Biodiversity is important?
Provides food, fodder, fruit, fuel, timber, medicine
1.Commercial value :
Oil, Fertilizers etc. extracted from species
of plants and animals.
2.Biological value:
Pollination
Soil formation
Nutrient enrichment
-
18. 3.Recreational Value:
Can not be measured in terms of
money.
4. Aesthetic Value:
Art, Poetry, Literature.
5.Scientific Value:
Gene Pool, Evolution,
Human Welfare, etc,.
19. Value of a Tree
A tree that lives for 50 years generates:
• Rs. 5.3 lakhs worth of oxygen
• Facilitates Rs. 6.4 lakhs worth of soil erosion
control
• Creates Rs. 10.5 lakhs worth of air pollution
control
• Provides Rs. 5.3 lakhs
worth of shelter for birds
and animals
20. ….Value of a Tree
• Recycles Rs. 6.4 lakhs worth of fertility
• Besides provide flower, fruits and timber
• When a tree is fell it is something worth
more than Rs. 33. 9 lakhs.
21. Threats to Biodiversity
1. Deforestation and overgrazing
2. Habitat destruction and fragmentation of the
area.
22. 3. Poaching and hunting for flesh, fur,
skin, horn, naiI and recreation.
4. Forest fires including smoking in the
woods.
5. Over‑exploitation
of the resources.
23. 6. Natural calamities like floods, high wind
velocities, earthquakes, etc.,.
7. Pollution of various kinds and release of
toxic substances.
8.Soil erosion and loss of soil nutrients.
24. 9.Population pressure and unequal
distribution of the resources
10. Agricultural expansion
11.Spreading urbanization and establishment
of industries.
12.Construction of hydro‑electric
power projects
25. 13. Climatic changes like depletion of ozone,
global warming, increased concentration
of carbon dioxide, etc,
14. Mining activities and quarrying.
15. Lack of awareness.
26. Impact of Loss Of Biodiversity
Global warming and climate change
28. Reduces gene pool - affects speciation
Food chain is altered
Alteration in Hydrologic
Cycle
29. Conservation Measures:
1. Maintenance of the integrity
of the habitat and improvement
of habitat in productivity and
quality for the desired species
to grow and reproduce well.
30. 2
Prevention and control of
forest
fires.
Burning
of
grasslands has to be controlled.
By controlling the forest fire,
protection
can
be
given
to
wildlife.
3
Excessive cutting should
be eliminated and only mature
trees should be harvested. New
seedlings
should
harvested trees.
replace
the
31. 4
Fragmentation of the forest area or wildlife
habitat, which decreases the biological diversity
(both genetic diversity and ecological diversity),
should be minimised.
5
Wise
management in
the control of
insects and
disease that
attack trees.
32. 6 Measures to check the velocity of wind in
deserted areas, planting 'wind
breaks' across the direction of wind is helpful.
Trees and shrubs may be
planted in several rows to check the blowing
away of the fertile top soil,
which determines the vegetational growth.
7 One should not smoke
in the woods. Camps fire
and trash fires should
be carefully tended and
thoroughly
extinguished.
33. 8 Grasses such as Cynodon dactylon
are utilised as erosion resisting plants.
Conservation of many such types of
grasses help in improving the soil
fertility of the region for luxuriant growth of the
plants.
9 Reforestation in degraded forest and agricultural
wastelands with suitable
strains of tree species,
which are viable, genetically
superior and disease resistant
34. 10.Protection of forest from illicit felling and
overgrazing.
11.Establishment and maintenance of
'germplasm banks' of wild species for future
genetic improvement and breeding
programme.
35. 12. The maintenance and preservation of
germplasm of vegetatively propagated
species is often a difficult task. Hence to
conseve these 'genepool' development
of tissues culture techniques should be
greatly emphasized.
36. 13. Improvement of the heredity
of trees and proper adoption of
breeding techniques.
14. The Management of natural
forests, which will ensure
future productivity and
environmental stability, should
be practiced.
37. 15. If the principles and procedures of
"Social
Forestry" are followed, the
stress on the exploitation of renewable
forest resources can be minimised.
38. 16. Conservation of endangered and endemic species
in natural forests, which are the “guardians of
diversity”, should be given prime importance.
17. Proper utilization and management of non‑ wood
based resources and establishment of " Energy
Plantations".
39. 18. Implementation of effective and scientific
methods to minimise the pollution of water, soil
and air to ensure high productivity of the
biomass in this region. Prevention of water
pollution will protect the aquatic animal life.
19. Improper land degradation due to mining
activities should be stopped.
40. 20. Sensible and wise use of forest products and
the public awareness about the importance of
forest wealth to mankind and ecosystem can
promote the conservation
21. Control of soil erosion and establishment of
vegetative cover will provide fruit or browse for
wild animals.
41. 22. Efforts should be intensified
to curb the destructive
activities of poachers.
23. Stabilization of water levels
in pools, ponds and lakes
should be undertaken so
as to prevent seasonal
destruction of aquatic
life through evaporation.
24. Development of renewable
resources in an area according
to the need of organisms
in the same area.
42. 25. Prey - predator relation should be worked out
based on the carrying capacity of the habitat.
This will help in promoting the habitat
improvement.
26. Conservation also includes restoration of those
species, which can and should be restored.
43. 27. Establishment of National Parks, National
Sanctuaries are excellent areas for the
preservation of natural biotic communities.
28. Establishment of Biosphere Reserves.
44. 29. Development of electronics as a tool in the
conservation of wildlife should be given
prime importance as electronic devices are
helpful in aerial photography, data
collection of plants and animals, detection of
forest fires, educational programmes and
monitoring of animal movements.
45. 30. Implementation of educational programmes to
promote the knowledge of conservation and
preservation of wildlife (including flora and fauna)
should be done through literatures, scientific
exhibitions, audio‑ visual aids and conferences
stressing upon environmental conservation
47. Sacred Groves
Sacred groves comprise of patches of forests or
natural vegetation from a few trees to forests of
several acres – that are usually dedicated to local
folk deities (Example – Ayyanar and Amman) or
tree spirits (Vanadevatas).
These spaces are protected
by local communities
because of their religious
beliefs and traditional
rituals that run through
several generations.
48. In India 13,270 sacred groves are documented
Experts estimate is in the range of 100,000 –
150,000
Himachal Pradesh --- 5000
Karnataka
--- 1424
Kerala
--- 2000
49. Names of sacred
State
groves
Devara kadu
Karnataka
Deo Bhumi
Himachal Pradesh
Kovil Kadu
TamilNadu
Pondcherry and
Kavus
Kerala
Devrais
Maharashtra
Mausmai
Megalaya
Bugyal
Uttaranchal
Machhiyal
Uttaranchal & H.P.
(sacred water bodies)
50. 31. Team of scientists from various disciplines like
Botany, Zoology, Agriculture, Horticulture, Soil
Science, Pharmacology, Engineering, Silviculture
and Economics and trained foresters,
administrators, forest lovers‑ all should be
integrated in managing, promoting and
implementing conservation programmes