A potential antivenin activity of indian medicinal herbs with special reference to south west bengal, india national seminar-human physilogy-2018-prof.a.k.mondal-bot-vu
This is power point presentation on the topic "Animal Sciences VS Veterinary Sciences"
his presentation contains the difference between Animal Sciences and Veterinary Sciences and What subject/fields are included in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
The Invention of the Mid-Infrared Generating Atomizer and its Human and Veter...semualkaira
In the current scenario, there
are different therapies for different diseases of human and animals. The existed therapies are associated with hurdles like drug
resistance, less sensitivity, side effects, uneconomical, etc. However, none of the therapies provide multi-disease management on
a molecular basis. Every disease originates due to inter and/or intra-molecular (cell/ tissue) changes, which changes their respective chemical bonds. Therapies focusing to rectify the molecular
changes (molecular medicine) are growing slowly, which could
act as a single remedy, but needs extensive multi-faculty research.
The Invention of the Mid-Infrared Generating Atomizer and its Human and Veter...semualkaira
In the current scenario, there
are different therapies for different diseases of human and animals. The existed therapies are associated with hurdles like drug
resistance, less sensitivity, side effects, uneconomical, etc. However, none of the therapies provide multi-disease management on
a molecular basis. Every disease originates due to inter and/or intra-molecular (cell/ tissue) changes, which changes their respective chemical bonds. Therapies focusing to rectify the molecular
changes (molecular medicine) are growing slowly, which could
act as a single remedy, but needs extensive multi-faculty research.
This is power point presentation on the topic "Animal Sciences VS Veterinary Sciences"
his presentation contains the difference between Animal Sciences and Veterinary Sciences and What subject/fields are included in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
The Invention of the Mid-Infrared Generating Atomizer and its Human and Veter...semualkaira
In the current scenario, there
are different therapies for different diseases of human and animals. The existed therapies are associated with hurdles like drug
resistance, less sensitivity, side effects, uneconomical, etc. However, none of the therapies provide multi-disease management on
a molecular basis. Every disease originates due to inter and/or intra-molecular (cell/ tissue) changes, which changes their respective chemical bonds. Therapies focusing to rectify the molecular
changes (molecular medicine) are growing slowly, which could
act as a single remedy, but needs extensive multi-faculty research.
The Invention of the Mid-Infrared Generating Atomizer and its Human and Veter...semualkaira
In the current scenario, there
are different therapies for different diseases of human and animals. The existed therapies are associated with hurdles like drug
resistance, less sensitivity, side effects, uneconomical, etc. However, none of the therapies provide multi-disease management on
a molecular basis. Every disease originates due to inter and/or intra-molecular (cell/ tissue) changes, which changes their respective chemical bonds. Therapies focusing to rectify the molecular
changes (molecular medicine) are growing slowly, which could
act as a single remedy, but needs extensive multi-faculty research.
The Invention of the Mid-Infrared Generating Atomizer and its Human and Veter...semualkaira
In the current scenario, there
are different therapies for different diseases of human and animals. The existed therapies are associated with hurdles like drug
resistance, less sensitivity, side effects, uneconomical, etc. However, none of the therapies provide multi-disease management on
a molecular basis. Every disease originates due to inter and/or intra-molecular (cell/ tissue) changes, which changes their respective chemical bonds. Therapies focusing to rectify the molecular
changes (molecular medicine) are growing slowly, which could
act as a single remedy, but needs extensive multi-faculty research.
VARIOUS EFFECT OF INSECTICIDES ON HUMAN HEALTH.pdfKartikSoni34
Insecticides are chemical substances used to kill or control insects that are considered pests. While they are effective in combating insect infestations and protecting crops, they can also have various effects on human health. Here is a summary of the different effects insecticides can have on human health:
Acute toxicity: Some insecticides can be highly toxic and may cause immediate health effects when individuals are exposed to high concentrations or doses. Symptoms can range from mild irritation to severe poisoning, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headaches, respiratory distress, and in extreme cases, seizures or even death.
Chronic health effects: Long-term exposure to certain insecticides, even at low levels, can lead to chronic health problems. Prolonged exposure has been associated with an increased risk of various health issues, such as cancer (including leukemia, lymphoma, and tumors), neurological disorders, reproductive problems, endocrine disruption, and developmental disorders.
Respiratory problems: Insecticides, particularly those in spray or aerosol form, can be inhaled and irritate the respiratory system. This can cause breathing difficulties, coughing, wheezing, and exacerbate existing respiratory conditions like asthma.
Skin and eye irritation: Contact with certain insecticides can cause skin irritation, such as rashes, itching, or burning sensations. They can also irritate the eyes, leading to redness, tearing, or discomfort.
Allergic reactions: Some individuals may develop allergic reactions to specific insecticides. Symptoms can range from mild skin irritation to severe allergic reactions, including hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition.
Developmental and reproductive effects: Exposure to certain insecticides during pregnancy can potentially harm the developing fetus, leading to birth defects or developmental delays. Some insecticides have also been linked to reduced fertility, miscarriages, and hormonal imbalances.
Occupational risks: Individuals who work in agriculture, pest control, or other industries involving insecticide use are at a higher risk of exposure. They may experience more significant health effects due to repeated or prolonged contact with these chemicals.
It's important to note that the specific health effects of insecticides can vary depending on the type of insecticide used, the concentration, the duration and frequency of exposure, and individual susceptibility. To minimize the risks, it is crucial to follow safety guidelines, use protective measures when handling or applying insecticides, and seek professional advice when necessary.
International Journal Of Aquaticscience And Technology : Issn 2320-6772J.P.M. Institute
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY is a biannual an academic and peer-reviewed
Journal published by ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS in Collaboration with JPMS Society.
JPMS Societyis a Society registered under the Societies Registration Act and its Registration No. is 1649/1986-87. It was published from year i.e. 2013. The ISSN No. of the JOURNAL is - 2320-6772 .
Animal husbandry and poultry farming represent critical sectors in global agriculture, catering to the diverse needs of human societies for food, fiber, and other products. A multitude of studies have delved into various aspects of these fields, ranging from nutritional considerations and disease management to breeding strategies, economic analyses, and ethical considerations. This comprehensive exploration aims to encapsulate the breadth and depth of research conducted within animal husbandry and poultry farming, shedding light on the multifaceted nature of these endeavors.
One pivotal area of study in animal husbandry revolves around nutrition, as it plays a foundational role in the health, growth, and productivity of livestock and poultry. Researchers have dedicated extensive efforts to formulate balanced diets tailored to the specific needs of different species. These studies consider factors such as age, weight, and intended use of the animals, aiming to optimize nutrient intake for maximal growth and reproductive performance. Additionally, investigations into the impact of individual nutrients on animal health, including vitamins, minerals, and proteins, have yielded valuable insights into preventing deficiencies and enhancing overall well-being.
Disease management is another critical facet of animal husbandry, given the susceptibility of livestock and poultry to various infectious agents. Studies in this realm focus on developing effective strategies for disease prevention and control. This involves research on vaccinations, biosecurity measures, and the development of disease-resistant breeds. Understanding the epidemiology of diseases within specific animal populations is essential for implementing targeted interventions, mitigating economic losses, and safeguarding public health in cases where zoonotic diseases are involved.
In the realm of breeding and genetics, researchers strive to improve desirable traits in animals through selective breeding. Genetic studies aim to unravel the intricacies of the genomes of different species, identifying genes associated with traits such as increased meat or milk production, disease resistance, and adaptability to specific environments. Through careful breeding programs, researchers seek to enhance the overall genetic quality of herds and flocks, contributing to the long-term sustainability and productivity of animal agriculture.
Housing and environmental management constitute a crucial area of study to ensure the well-being of animals and the efficiency of farming operations. Researchers investigate optimal housing conditions for various species, considering factors such as space requirements, ventilation, and insulation. Moreover, studies on waste management and environmental impact address the sustainability of animal farming practices, seeking ways to minimize the ecological footprint associated with livestock and poultry production.
The recent trends in Life Sciences have been experiencing rapid
transformation in recent years due to development of technology by
considering available ancient techniques. For this change, most
importunately different scientist was discovered scientific
technologies, methods, concepts, and microorganisms. All this
research helped to develop society in all aspects including medicinal
plants research. Different plants are widely known for their medicinal
properties, food properties, industrial important products formation
properties etc., Due to our improved understanding and different
methodology, even our meanings of familiar words, such as antibiotic
and species appear to be shifting. This book is coordinated towards
students, researchers, scientists and starting alumni understudies in
medicinal plants and Botany. However, the book is fully focused on
different plants and their applications in different fields. We would like
to offer our thanks to all authors, parents, teachers, and friends.
NDWC Chennai 2013 - The One Health approach towards Rabies elimination in Asi...Dogs Trust
Dr Abdul Rahman's presentation on ''The One Health approach towards Rabies elimination in Asia'' at the National Dog Welfare Conference, Chennai India 27th and 28th February 2013.
The tobacco plant Nicotiana has probably been responsible for more deaths than any other herb as it is
market driven commodity of economic benefit. While the majority will likely be killed by use of cigarettes, tobacco use
in other forms also contributes to worldwide morbidity and mortality. Chewing leaf tobacco is less used now as the ban
is imposed on it. We tested the genotoxic potential of chewing leaf tobacco using in vivo cytogenetic tests- peripheral
blood micronucleus test, and sperm abnormality assay. Three doses of tobacco viz., 3%, 5%, and 10% were given for 14
days. Cyclophosphamide, an indirect acting clastogen was used as positive control agent and it was injected intra
peritoneally to the animals only once. Double distilled water was used as negative control. The frequency of
micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes (MNNCE) was increased in tobacco treated mice with the maximum MN
being induced in NCEs at 10% dose. All three tobacco doses used in this study, induced significant abnormal sperms
compared to controls (P<0.05). The chewing leaf tobacco at a certain concentration is genotoxic.
Key-words- Chewing Leaf tobacco, Peripheral blood micronucleus, Swiss albino mice, Howell-Jolly bodies
Herbarium one day workshop on plant identification and preservation-26th feb-...Amal Kumar Mondal
One Day Workshop on Plant Identification and Preservation-26th Feb-2019 by Dept of Botany, P.K.College, Contai, Purba Medinipur
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VARIOUS EFFECT OF INSECTICIDES ON HUMAN HEALTH.pdfKartikSoni34
Insecticides are chemical substances used to kill or control insects that are considered pests. While they are effective in combating insect infestations and protecting crops, they can also have various effects on human health. Here is a summary of the different effects insecticides can have on human health:
Acute toxicity: Some insecticides can be highly toxic and may cause immediate health effects when individuals are exposed to high concentrations or doses. Symptoms can range from mild irritation to severe poisoning, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headaches, respiratory distress, and in extreme cases, seizures or even death.
Chronic health effects: Long-term exposure to certain insecticides, even at low levels, can lead to chronic health problems. Prolonged exposure has been associated with an increased risk of various health issues, such as cancer (including leukemia, lymphoma, and tumors), neurological disorders, reproductive problems, endocrine disruption, and developmental disorders.
Respiratory problems: Insecticides, particularly those in spray or aerosol form, can be inhaled and irritate the respiratory system. This can cause breathing difficulties, coughing, wheezing, and exacerbate existing respiratory conditions like asthma.
Skin and eye irritation: Contact with certain insecticides can cause skin irritation, such as rashes, itching, or burning sensations. They can also irritate the eyes, leading to redness, tearing, or discomfort.
Allergic reactions: Some individuals may develop allergic reactions to specific insecticides. Symptoms can range from mild skin irritation to severe allergic reactions, including hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition.
Developmental and reproductive effects: Exposure to certain insecticides during pregnancy can potentially harm the developing fetus, leading to birth defects or developmental delays. Some insecticides have also been linked to reduced fertility, miscarriages, and hormonal imbalances.
Occupational risks: Individuals who work in agriculture, pest control, or other industries involving insecticide use are at a higher risk of exposure. They may experience more significant health effects due to repeated or prolonged contact with these chemicals.
It's important to note that the specific health effects of insecticides can vary depending on the type of insecticide used, the concentration, the duration and frequency of exposure, and individual susceptibility. To minimize the risks, it is crucial to follow safety guidelines, use protective measures when handling or applying insecticides, and seek professional advice when necessary.
International Journal Of Aquaticscience And Technology : Issn 2320-6772J.P.M. Institute
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY is a biannual an academic and peer-reviewed
Journal published by ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS in Collaboration with JPMS Society.
JPMS Societyis a Society registered under the Societies Registration Act and its Registration No. is 1649/1986-87. It was published from year i.e. 2013. The ISSN No. of the JOURNAL is - 2320-6772 .
Animal husbandry and poultry farming represent critical sectors in global agriculture, catering to the diverse needs of human societies for food, fiber, and other products. A multitude of studies have delved into various aspects of these fields, ranging from nutritional considerations and disease management to breeding strategies, economic analyses, and ethical considerations. This comprehensive exploration aims to encapsulate the breadth and depth of research conducted within animal husbandry and poultry farming, shedding light on the multifaceted nature of these endeavors.
One pivotal area of study in animal husbandry revolves around nutrition, as it plays a foundational role in the health, growth, and productivity of livestock and poultry. Researchers have dedicated extensive efforts to formulate balanced diets tailored to the specific needs of different species. These studies consider factors such as age, weight, and intended use of the animals, aiming to optimize nutrient intake for maximal growth and reproductive performance. Additionally, investigations into the impact of individual nutrients on animal health, including vitamins, minerals, and proteins, have yielded valuable insights into preventing deficiencies and enhancing overall well-being.
Disease management is another critical facet of animal husbandry, given the susceptibility of livestock and poultry to various infectious agents. Studies in this realm focus on developing effective strategies for disease prevention and control. This involves research on vaccinations, biosecurity measures, and the development of disease-resistant breeds. Understanding the epidemiology of diseases within specific animal populations is essential for implementing targeted interventions, mitigating economic losses, and safeguarding public health in cases where zoonotic diseases are involved.
In the realm of breeding and genetics, researchers strive to improve desirable traits in animals through selective breeding. Genetic studies aim to unravel the intricacies of the genomes of different species, identifying genes associated with traits such as increased meat or milk production, disease resistance, and adaptability to specific environments. Through careful breeding programs, researchers seek to enhance the overall genetic quality of herds and flocks, contributing to the long-term sustainability and productivity of animal agriculture.
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research helped to develop society in all aspects including medicinal
plants research. Different plants are widely known for their medicinal
properties, food properties, industrial important products formation
properties etc., Due to our improved understanding and different
methodology, even our meanings of familiar words, such as antibiotic
and species appear to be shifting. This book is coordinated towards
students, researchers, scientists and starting alumni understudies in
medicinal plants and Botany. However, the book is fully focused on
different plants and their applications in different fields. We would like
to offer our thanks to all authors, parents, teachers, and friends.
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Dr Abdul Rahman's presentation on ''The One Health approach towards Rabies elimination in Asia'' at the National Dog Welfare Conference, Chennai India 27th and 28th February 2013.
The tobacco plant Nicotiana has probably been responsible for more deaths than any other herb as it is
market driven commodity of economic benefit. While the majority will likely be killed by use of cigarettes, tobacco use
in other forms also contributes to worldwide morbidity and mortality. Chewing leaf tobacco is less used now as the ban
is imposed on it. We tested the genotoxic potential of chewing leaf tobacco using in vivo cytogenetic tests- peripheral
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days. Cyclophosphamide, an indirect acting clastogen was used as positive control agent and it was injected intra
peritoneally to the animals only once. Double distilled water was used as negative control. The frequency of
micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes (MNNCE) was increased in tobacco treated mice with the maximum MN
being induced in NCEs at 10% dose. All three tobacco doses used in this study, induced significant abnormal sperms
compared to controls (P<0.05). The chewing leaf tobacco at a certain concentration is genotoxic.
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A potential antivenin activity of indian medicinal herbs with special reference to south west bengal, india national seminar-human physilogy-2018-prof.a.k.mondal-bot-vu
1. Professor of Botany and Coordinator of
UGC-DRS-SAP and DBT-BOOST
Department of Botany & Forestry
VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY
Midnapore-721102
West Bengal India
Email: akmondal@mail.vidyasagar.ac.in
2. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Number of Snake bite in India (statistics)
In India every year roughly 46,000 people die from
snakebites.
According to the American Society of Tropical
Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH) that accounting
for nearly 100,000 annual snakebite deaths in the
world, (May 16, 2017).
3. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Dominating death rate from
Snake bite in the different
states
4. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Asnake bite is an injury caused by a bite from a snake,
often resulting in puncture wounds inflicted by the
animal's fangs and sometimes resulting in en-venomation.
Although the majority of snake species are non
venomous and typically kill their prey with constriction
rather than venom, venomous snakes can be found on
every continent except in Antarctica.
Snakes often bite their prey as a method of hunting, but
also for defensive purposes against predators.
5. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Snake en-venomation is an
important global health issue.
It constitutes an occupational
hazard mainly in the field of
agriculture.
6. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Highest incidence and mortality
due to snake bites is reported from
South and Southeast Asian
countries having extensive
agricultural practices and
diversity in snake species.
7. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
1. Lack of Poor health services,
2. Lack of good Transportation, and
3. Delay in the anti-snake venom
administration especially in rural areas
are the 3 important factors responsible
for high mortality.
Factors responsible for high mortality due to
8. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
It is estimated that in India alone, there
are more than 2,00,000 venomous bites per
year, of which 35,000–50,000 are fatal.
The estimates are arbitrary as majority
of deaths are unreported.
9. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
In rural areas, where most of the bites
take place, the victims are mostly taken to
traditional healers, who neither report
them to the authorities nor document the
cases,
Hence paucity of reliable epidemiological
data.
10. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
1. Including the species of snake ,
2. The area of the body bitten,
3.The amount of venom injected, and
4.The health conditions of the victim.
The outcome of snake bites depends on numerous
factors:
11. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Feelings of terror and panic are common
after a snake bite and can produce a
characteristic set of symptoms mediated by
the autonomic nervous system, such as a
racing heart and nausea.
Bites from non-venomous snakes can also
cause injury, often due to lacerations caused
by the snake's teeth .
12. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Characters of SNAKE VENOM
Snake venom is highly modified saliva that is produced
by special glands of certain species of snakes.
Chemistry of venom:- Snake venom consists of
Proteins,
Enzymes ,
Substances with a cytotoxic effect ,
Neurotoxins and coagulants .
Phosphodiesterases are used to interfere with the prey's cardiac system,
mainly to lower the blood pressure.
Phospholipase A2 causes haemolysis .
13. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
There are four distinct types of venom that act on
the body differently
Proteolytic venom dismantles the molecular structure
of the area surrounding and including the bite.
Hemotoxic venoms act on the heart and cardiovascular
system.
Neurotoxic venom acts on the nervous system and
brain.
Cytotoxic venom has a localized action at the site of the
bite.
14. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
SNAKE BITE TREATMENT
Antivenom is a biological product used in the treatment of
venomous bites or stings.
Antivenom is created by injecting a small amount of the targeted
venom into an animal such as a horse, sheep, goat, or rabbit;
Animal will undergo an immune response to the
venom, producing antibodies against the venom's active molecule
which can then be harvested from the animal's blood and used to
treat en-venomation.
Preparation based on the standards of Pharmacopoeia and the
World Health Organization (WHO).
15. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
TREATMENT OF SNAKE BITE
1. Wash the area thoroughly with soap
and water.
2. Immobilize the area and keep it lower
than the heart area.
3. Get medical attention as soon as
possible.
FIRST AID
16. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
SPECIFIC SERUM TREATMENT
Immediate neutralization of the circulating
venom is of utmost importance.
For fast effect, the Anti Snake Venom
Serum should be injected intravenously as
soon as possible after the bite.
17. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Due to the problems related to AVS
therapy, people are always in search for
alternative medicines.
The usage of medicinal plants, in the
treatment of various ailments is known
to us since ancient times.
18. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
There are various medicinal plants which
have been used against snake en-
venomation in folk and traditional
medicines.
Atharva Veda, Rig Veda, Charak & Sushruta
Samhita of the Indian continent mentions
the usage of various herbal antidotes against
snake en-venomation.
19. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Already there are 2,50,000 - 5,00,000 varieties
of plants found world wide, out of which 25% are
of medicinal value.
Plants possess strong neutralizing capacities like
Pluchea indica ,
Hemidesmus indicus (Alam),
Strychnous nux vomica (Chatterjee),
Emblica officinalis,
Vitex negundu (Alam & Gomes)
Curcuma aromatica possess strong neutralizing capacities.
20. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Pluchea indica ,
family, Asteraceae.
Hemidesmus indicus
Anantmool
Asclepidiacea
Kuchla,
Strychnos nux vomica
Loganiaceae
21. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Emblica officinalis
family Phyllanthaceae
Vitex negundo
Family Verbenaceae
22. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Curcuma aromatica
family Zingiberaceae
23. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Aristolochia indica,
Andrographis paniculata,
Dolichondron sp.,
Crotolaria juncea,
Croton tiglium,
Moringa oliefera
Moderate type of venom neutralizing capacity
24. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Pluchea indica: 2-Hydroxy-4 Methoxy–
Benzoic Acid.
Emblica officinalis: β–sitosterol &
stigmasterol
Hemidesmus indicus: Di- iso-butyl
phthalate
Pure active compound have been isolated
25. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Rauwolfia serpentina– ‘Sarpagandhi’ (Apocynaceae)
since this plant containing the tranquilising alkaloid and
Reserpine. SARPAGANDHA
Plants used against snake bite in India
26. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Allium sativum (Garlic, Liliaceae ) and
Pseudocalyma alliceaum, (Garlic vine
Bignoniaceae).
Pseudocalyma alliceaum, Bignoniaceae
Allium sativum, Liliaceae
27. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Stimulate the immune system -
Aristolochia species (Aristolochiaceae)
Analgesic and
28. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Rhapidophora pertusa (Araceae)- Anti-
inflammatory effects
29. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
The whole plant of Aristolochia indica or
Aristolochia tagala (1 part),
1 part of Bark of Ficus religiosa ( Moraceae ),
And 1 part of powder of Piper longum (black
pepper, Family: Piperaceae) are gently mixed
together and used as nasal inhaler.
Recover from the coma caused by snake bite
with the use of a good mixture like:
30. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Other major plants for snake bites Plant Family
Local name Part used Tribe used
Seeds of Strychnos nux vomica
Roots of Helecteres isora
31. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Root of Edampiri valampiri
(Helecteres isora )
Seeds of Cyperus rotundus
32. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Stem of Calycopteris floribunda
Root and Leaves of
Rhinacanthus nasuta
33. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Aristolochic acid from Aristolochia species
(Aristolochiaceae)
Major phyto-compounds responsible for anti venom activity
Aristolochic acid
Aristolochic acids are a
family of
carcinogenic, mutagenic, and
nephrotoxic phytochemicals
34. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Gymnemic acids (Triterpenoid glycosides) from
Gymnema sylvestre ( Asclepiadaceae ) for anti venom
activity
35. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Coumestan, wedelolactone stigmasterol
and Sitosterol - Eclipta prostrata (Asteraceae)
for anti venom activity
Sitosterol
36. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
The tannin from Diospyros perigrina ( Ebenaceae )
for anti venom activity
tannin
Diospyros perigrina
37. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Turmerone - Curcuma longa ( Zingiberaceae )
for anti venom activity
Turmerone
38. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
In view of the number of deaths caused
by snake bite, particularly where anti
venom is not readily accessible, the
development of thermostable cheap
remedies suitable for emergency
treatment is important.
39. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
The plants may provide the
source for individual compound
or standardized extract which
could be of benefit in many
places where snake bite is a
serious public health hazard.
41. Importance of Medicinal Plants in India
More than 6000 plant species used for health care in India
under folk and codified Indian Medical Systems.
Raw drugs obtained from 1178 plant species are in active
trade with annual trade volume of >5 lakh MT.
Trade value of medicinal herbs for the year 2016-17 has been
pegged at Rs. 9000 crores (>$ 2000 million).
Poor forest-side people form a significant beneficiary group of
this trade.
National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
42. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
1st
2nd
3rd
12%
46. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
I
47. Conservation Status of Medicinal Plants
• About 375 medicinal plant species 29 plant species for
preparation of herbal anti venom have already been
assessed (in 21 States) as „Red-Listed‟ in India.
• 120 of these „Red-Listed‟ species are in active trade (46
„Critically Rare‟ “CR”species and 87
„Endangered‟ species)as per IUCN data)
• Industry forced to use „substitutes‟ that may
be less efficacious.
National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
48. Some Red-Listed Medicinal Plants
National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
50. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
The ethnic people of South West Bengal (mainly Santal) depend
on plants and their parts, to cure their health problems.
Approximately 150 species of medicinal plants are in common
use, and of these 45 species are heavily used in traditional
healthcare systems in South West Bengal.
About 16 plant species which are dominantly present in South
West Bengal Forest areas are actively involved with primary anti-
venom activities.
In present scenario, it was found that among these 45 species, 10
species are becoming increasingly rare and under threat of
extinction.
51. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
But these ethno medicinally important plants were
found rare or infrequent in the rural forest areas of South
West Bengal because of extensive use and various
anthropogenic activities.
To avoid biodiversity extinction some measures would
be taken, like
Cultivation of rare medicinal plants,
Provision of training and extension services to farmers engaged
in cultivation of medicinal plants,
Establishment of herbal gardens in forest areas and creation of
seed bank or germplasm.
52. National Seminar-27-29th March, 2018- Department of Human Physiology Lecture-Prof. A.K.Mondal-Professor and Coordinator-VU
Data collection from Ethnic people related with snake bites