The document discusses the history and evolution of the internet over the past 50 years, from its origins as a US military program called ARPANET in the 1960s to connect government researchers, to its commercialization and widespread adoption by consumers in the 1990s and 2000s. It describes some of the key developments that enabled the internet to become a global network, including the creation of TCP/IP protocols, the introduction of web browsers, and the establishment of commercial internet service providers. The document concludes by noting that while the internet has transformed society and business, many challenges remain regarding privacy, security, regulation, and equal access.
Carbohydrate metabolism, Biological oxidation, Biochemistry unit 2 b pharmMOHITROCK1
Carbohydrate metabolism
Glycolysis – Pathway, energetics and significance
Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance
HMP shunt and its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase
(G6PD) deficiency
Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD)
Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its significance
Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus Biological oxidation
Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism.
Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate
phosphorylation
Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouples
Pathophysiology B Pharm 2nd semester
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Course Description
3. Course Outcomes
4. Text and Reference Books
5. Syllabus
6. Question Paper Pattern
7. Evaluation Scheme
Pathophysiology is the study of causes of diseases and reactions of the body to such disease producing causes.
This course is designed to impart a thorough knowledge of the relevant aspects of pathology of various conditions with reference to its pharmacological applications, and understanding of basic pathophysiological mechanisms.
Expected outcomes
1. Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of the selected disease states
2. Name the signs and symptoms of the diseases
3. Mention the complications of the diseases.
SYLLABUS
Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation
Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems, Causes of cellular injury, Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage), Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia), Cell swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis & Alkalosis, Electrolyte imbalance.
Basic mechanism involved in the process of Inflammation and Repair
Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation, Different types of Inflammation, Mechanism of Inflammation – Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBC’s, Mediators of inflammation, Basic principles of wound healing in the skin, Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular System
Hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis)
Respiratory system
Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways diseases.
Renal system
Acute and chronic renal failure
Haematological Diseases
Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid), sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, hereditary acquired anemia, hemophilia
Nervous system
Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders: depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.
Endocrine system
Diabetes, thyroid diseases, disorders of sex hormones
Gastrointestinal system
Peptic Ulcer
Inflammatory bowel diseases,
jaundice, hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,F) alcoholic liver disease
Diseases of bones and joints
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout
Principles of cancer
classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer
Infectious diseases
Meningitis, Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Urinary tract infections
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea
#rohitkumartrivedi
Basic principles of Cell injury and AdaptationAkshayYadav176
Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation:
(As per new syllabus of PCI)
Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems, Causes of cellular injury,Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage),Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia),Cell swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis & Alkalosis,Electrolyte imbalance.
Carbohydrate metabolism, Biological oxidation, Biochemistry unit 2 b pharmMOHITROCK1
Carbohydrate metabolism
Glycolysis – Pathway, energetics and significance
Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance
HMP shunt and its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase
(G6PD) deficiency
Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD)
Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its significance
Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus Biological oxidation
Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism.
Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate
phosphorylation
Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouples
Pathophysiology B Pharm 2nd semester
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Course Description
3. Course Outcomes
4. Text and Reference Books
5. Syllabus
6. Question Paper Pattern
7. Evaluation Scheme
Pathophysiology is the study of causes of diseases and reactions of the body to such disease producing causes.
This course is designed to impart a thorough knowledge of the relevant aspects of pathology of various conditions with reference to its pharmacological applications, and understanding of basic pathophysiological mechanisms.
Expected outcomes
1. Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of the selected disease states
2. Name the signs and symptoms of the diseases
3. Mention the complications of the diseases.
SYLLABUS
Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation
Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems, Causes of cellular injury, Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage), Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia), Cell swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis & Alkalosis, Electrolyte imbalance.
Basic mechanism involved in the process of Inflammation and Repair
Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation, Different types of Inflammation, Mechanism of Inflammation – Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBC’s, Mediators of inflammation, Basic principles of wound healing in the skin, Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular System
Hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis)
Respiratory system
Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways diseases.
Renal system
Acute and chronic renal failure
Haematological Diseases
Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid), sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, hereditary acquired anemia, hemophilia
Nervous system
Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders: depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.
Endocrine system
Diabetes, thyroid diseases, disorders of sex hormones
Gastrointestinal system
Peptic Ulcer
Inflammatory bowel diseases,
jaundice, hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,F) alcoholic liver disease
Diseases of bones and joints
Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout
Principles of cancer
classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer
Infectious diseases
Meningitis, Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Urinary tract infections
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea
#rohitkumartrivedi
Basic principles of Cell injury and AdaptationAkshayYadav176
Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation:
(As per new syllabus of PCI)
Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems, Causes of cellular injury,Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage),Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia),Cell swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis & Alkalosis,Electrolyte imbalance.
B.Pharm I Year II Sem. SN1 and SN2 reactions, kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, stereochemistry and rearrangement of carbocations.
SN1 versus SN2 reactions, Factors affecting SN1 and SN2 reactions.
Structure and uses of ethylchloride, Chloroform, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene,
dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane and iodoform.
Alcohols, Qualitative tests for Alcohol, Structure and uses of Ethyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, Cetosterylalcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Glycerol, Propylene glycol
THIS SLIDE CONTAIN ABOUT QUALITATIVE TEST, STRUCTURE AND USES OF DIFFERENT CARBONYL COMPOUNDS LIKE FORMALDEHYDE, PARALDEHYDE, ACETONE, CHLORAL HYDRATE, HEXAMINE, BENZALDEHYDE, VANILIN AND CINNAMALDEHYDE
Classification, Nomenclature and structural isomerism of organic compound Ganesh Mote
Classification of organic compound, Nomenclature of alkane, alkene, alkyne, alcohol, alkyl halide, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, amines, ethers, polyfunctional groups and structural isomerism of organic compounds
This content is pharmaceutical organic chemistry -1 ,contains about aliphatic amines classification,properties and reactions of aliphatic amines dedicated to all pharmacy & healthcare ,life science students.
DIRI with commercial available agents ,,,.pdfMOHITROCK1
review articles 7th semester b pharm final year
topic: Drug Induced Renal Injury (DIRI): Alarming indication towards the
catastrophic behavior of drugs
Materials and Methods of DIRI
Renal manifestations of recrea
Nephrotoxicity of Ciprofloxaci
Herbal Nephropathy (Cranberry)
B PHARM
B.Pharm I Year II Sem. SN1 and SN2 reactions, kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, stereochemistry and rearrangement of carbocations.
SN1 versus SN2 reactions, Factors affecting SN1 and SN2 reactions.
Structure and uses of ethylchloride, Chloroform, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene,
dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane and iodoform.
Alcohols, Qualitative tests for Alcohol, Structure and uses of Ethyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, Cetosterylalcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Glycerol, Propylene glycol
THIS SLIDE CONTAIN ABOUT QUALITATIVE TEST, STRUCTURE AND USES OF DIFFERENT CARBONYL COMPOUNDS LIKE FORMALDEHYDE, PARALDEHYDE, ACETONE, CHLORAL HYDRATE, HEXAMINE, BENZALDEHYDE, VANILIN AND CINNAMALDEHYDE
Classification, Nomenclature and structural isomerism of organic compound Ganesh Mote
Classification of organic compound, Nomenclature of alkane, alkene, alkyne, alcohol, alkyl halide, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, amines, ethers, polyfunctional groups and structural isomerism of organic compounds
This content is pharmaceutical organic chemistry -1 ,contains about aliphatic amines classification,properties and reactions of aliphatic amines dedicated to all pharmacy & healthcare ,life science students.
DIRI with commercial available agents ,,,.pdfMOHITROCK1
review articles 7th semester b pharm final year
topic: Drug Induced Renal Injury (DIRI): Alarming indication towards the
catastrophic behavior of drugs
Materials and Methods of DIRI
Renal manifestations of recrea
Nephrotoxicity of Ciprofloxaci
Herbal Nephropathy (Cranberry)
B PHARM
biodynamic agriculture and organic farming b pharm 6th semester.pdfMOHITROCK1
Biodynamic Agriculture
Good agricultural practices in cultivation of medicinal plants including Organic farming. Pest and Pest management in medicinal plants: Biopesticides/Bio Insecticides.
unit 1 herbal drug technology handwriting notes part 1.pdfMOHITROCK1
unit 1 herbal drug technology handwriting notes b pharm 6th semester
B pharm 6th semester
Definition of herb, herbal medicine, herbal medicinal product, herbal drug preparation
Source of Herbs
Selection, identification and authentication of herbal materials
Processing of herbal raw material
unit 2 hand writting notes of phenol amines acidsMOHITROCK1
Phenols* - Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative
tests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols
Aromatic Amines* - Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts
Aromatic Acids* –Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity and
important reactions of benzoic acid
benzene and its derivatives unit 1 pharmaceutical organic chemistry MOHITROCK1
benzene and its derivatives synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of
friedelcrafts alkylation
structure and uses of ddt
structure and uses of bhc and chloramine
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
