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Introduction:
The concepts of
POLITICSand
GOVERNANCE
Prepared by: Mr. Resty Hezron C. Damaso
JUMBLED
LETTERS
GAME
PLTOICIS
POLITICS
GROVEANNCE
GOVERNANCE
TARPCNSREANY
TRANSPARENCY
RSPENOISVEENSS
RESPONSIVENESS
Introduction:
The concepts of
POLITICSand
GOVERNANCE
Prepared by: Ms. Irish Verone M. Polidario, LPT
ORIGIN OF POLITICS
• POLIS – city-state
• POLITES – citizens
• POLITIKOS – government officials
(Zaide, 1983)
POLITICS
• is derived from the Greek
word polis which means
“city-state”, a small
independent self- contained
political society.
POLITICS
• “the heart of Political Science”
• It is the activity of people
where they create, preserve
and amend laws under which
they live.
POLITICSasthe art of
government.
• Politics is what defines the
activities of the government
and of the state. All
government officials and all
those working in
government are
participating in politics.
POLITICSaspublic affair.
• Politics is played by everybody,
politicians or not.
• In politics, Aristotle said that
“man by nature is a political
animal;” this means that it is only
within a political community that
human beings can live the good
life.
• Thus, politics becomes necessary
to create a just society.
POLITICSascompromise
andconsensus.
• Politics is meant to resolve
conflict.
• In politics, compromise,
conciliation and negotiation
become necessary.
• It is through these means that
issues and problems are being
resolved.
• Thus, politics becomes the
process of conflict resolution.
POLITICSaspower.
• Politics happens in all human
interactions: within the family,
among friends, among officemates,
etc.
• Politics can, therefore, be seen as
struggle over scarce resources, and
power can be seen as the means
through which struggle is
conducted.
 Focuses its study on the actual actions
or decisions of the state.
 Politics is concerned with issues,
problems and activities of the state
while political science is concerned on
how the state originated, its nature and
its functions.
 An academic discipline deals with the
theoretical study of the state and
government.
 A political scientist observes how to
state makes decision, and how the
state’s decision affects people.
In the modernperspectives, political science studies politics.
Thestate andgovernment arethekey factors inthestudyof
political science andpolitics.
Thus, political science cannot bedifferentiated frompolitics.
5 REASONS TO STUDY POLITICS
1. Politics will help you to know your rights.
2. Politics clarifies what you yourself believes.
3. Politics is a living, breathing subject.
4. Politics helps you to understand our nation’s
parties.
5. Politics prepares you for adult life.
http://www.bedes.org/senior-school/news-and-blogs/senior-school-
news/2015/01/5-reasons-to-study-politics.aspx
HOW POLITICS CAN
BE STUDIED?
Focuses in answering the questions:
(What is?) Positive Approach
Example: “The Department of Education documented
more than 1,700 cases of child abuse and bullying in
school year 2013-2014.”
(What should be?) Normative Approach
Example: “Bullying and other forms of violence in
schools should be viewed not just a school problem but
a societal problem as well.”
1. NORMATIVE vs. POSITIVE APPROACH
Focuses on the study of the individual
(voter, leader, party leader, etc.) particularly the
actors of the political system, their emotions,
biases and predispositions.
Behaviorists, therefore, study the political
process by looking at how it relates or influences
the individual’s behavior, motivations,
personalities or feelings of human actors
(Orji, 2009).
2. BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
Focuses on the study of human behavior,
wherein individuals are motivated by their
wants, their self-interest or goals which will
explain their preferences.
Furthermore, according to this approach,
humans act to maximize their outcome, that is,
to get the most benefit and profit from their
actions.
3. RATIONAL CHOICE APPROACH
What is GOVERNANCE?
• the action of the government.
• “the process of decision-making and the
process by which decisions are
implemented.” (Sheng, UNESCAP)
• “a government’s ability to make and
enforce rule and to deliver services,
regardless of whether the government is
democratic or not.” -Fukuyama (2013)
• In the early Indian history, back to at
least 400 B.C, governance includes
emphasizing justice, ethics and anti-
autocratic tendencies.
• Moreover, World Bank (2007) defines
governance as “the manner in which
public officials and institutions acquire
and exercise the authority to shape
public policy and provide public goods
and services.”
NOTE:
Decisions should not be
influenced by interest of
the few, values and
preference.
8 CHARACTERISTICS OF
GOOD GOVERNANCE
1. Participation – active involvement of all
affected and interested
parties in the decision-
making process.
2. Rule of Law - legal frameworks should
be fair and enforced
impartially.
3. Transparency - free flow of information.
4. Responsiveness - serve all stakeholders.
5. Consensus
Oriented
- mediates differing
interests.
6. Equity and
Inclusiveness
- all its members have
opportunities to improve or
maintain their well-being.
7. Effectiveness
and efficiency
- produce results that meet
needs while making the
best use of resources .
8. Accountability - accountable to the public.
PHILIPPINE
Politics and Governance
for Senior High School
pages 8-12
Victoria O. Ligan
Gerlieta S. Ruiz
Mona L.Laya
-Ms. Ivy

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introduction-190701120159.pptx

  • 7. Introduction: The concepts of POLITICSand GOVERNANCE Prepared by: Ms. Irish Verone M. Polidario, LPT
  • 8.
  • 9. ORIGIN OF POLITICS • POLIS – city-state • POLITES – citizens • POLITIKOS – government officials (Zaide, 1983)
  • 10. POLITICS • is derived from the Greek word polis which means “city-state”, a small independent self- contained political society.
  • 11. POLITICS • “the heart of Political Science” • It is the activity of people where they create, preserve and amend laws under which they live.
  • 12. POLITICSasthe art of government. • Politics is what defines the activities of the government and of the state. All government officials and all those working in government are participating in politics.
  • 13. POLITICSaspublic affair. • Politics is played by everybody, politicians or not. • In politics, Aristotle said that “man by nature is a political animal;” this means that it is only within a political community that human beings can live the good life. • Thus, politics becomes necessary to create a just society.
  • 14. POLITICSascompromise andconsensus. • Politics is meant to resolve conflict. • In politics, compromise, conciliation and negotiation become necessary. • It is through these means that issues and problems are being resolved. • Thus, politics becomes the process of conflict resolution.
  • 15. POLITICSaspower. • Politics happens in all human interactions: within the family, among friends, among officemates, etc. • Politics can, therefore, be seen as struggle over scarce resources, and power can be seen as the means through which struggle is conducted.
  • 16.  Focuses its study on the actual actions or decisions of the state.  Politics is concerned with issues, problems and activities of the state while political science is concerned on how the state originated, its nature and its functions.  An academic discipline deals with the theoretical study of the state and government.  A political scientist observes how to state makes decision, and how the state’s decision affects people. In the modernperspectives, political science studies politics. Thestate andgovernment arethekey factors inthestudyof political science andpolitics. Thus, political science cannot bedifferentiated frompolitics.
  • 17. 5 REASONS TO STUDY POLITICS 1. Politics will help you to know your rights. 2. Politics clarifies what you yourself believes. 3. Politics is a living, breathing subject. 4. Politics helps you to understand our nation’s parties. 5. Politics prepares you for adult life. http://www.bedes.org/senior-school/news-and-blogs/senior-school- news/2015/01/5-reasons-to-study-politics.aspx
  • 19. Focuses in answering the questions: (What is?) Positive Approach Example: “The Department of Education documented more than 1,700 cases of child abuse and bullying in school year 2013-2014.” (What should be?) Normative Approach Example: “Bullying and other forms of violence in schools should be viewed not just a school problem but a societal problem as well.” 1. NORMATIVE vs. POSITIVE APPROACH
  • 20. Focuses on the study of the individual (voter, leader, party leader, etc.) particularly the actors of the political system, their emotions, biases and predispositions. Behaviorists, therefore, study the political process by looking at how it relates or influences the individual’s behavior, motivations, personalities or feelings of human actors (Orji, 2009). 2. BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
  • 21. Focuses on the study of human behavior, wherein individuals are motivated by their wants, their self-interest or goals which will explain their preferences. Furthermore, according to this approach, humans act to maximize their outcome, that is, to get the most benefit and profit from their actions. 3. RATIONAL CHOICE APPROACH
  • 22.
  • 23. What is GOVERNANCE? • the action of the government. • “the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented.” (Sheng, UNESCAP)
  • 24. • “a government’s ability to make and enforce rule and to deliver services, regardless of whether the government is democratic or not.” -Fukuyama (2013) • In the early Indian history, back to at least 400 B.C, governance includes emphasizing justice, ethics and anti- autocratic tendencies.
  • 25. • Moreover, World Bank (2007) defines governance as “the manner in which public officials and institutions acquire and exercise the authority to shape public policy and provide public goods and services.” NOTE: Decisions should not be influenced by interest of the few, values and preference.
  • 27. 1. Participation – active involvement of all affected and interested parties in the decision- making process. 2. Rule of Law - legal frameworks should be fair and enforced impartially. 3. Transparency - free flow of information. 4. Responsiveness - serve all stakeholders.
  • 28. 5. Consensus Oriented - mediates differing interests. 6. Equity and Inclusiveness - all its members have opportunities to improve or maintain their well-being. 7. Effectiveness and efficiency - produce results that meet needs while making the best use of resources . 8. Accountability - accountable to the public.
  • 29.
  • 30. PHILIPPINE Politics and Governance for Senior High School pages 8-12 Victoria O. Ligan Gerlieta S. Ruiz Mona L.Laya