This document provides an overview of oil and gas facilities layout and processes. It discusses the key components including oil gathering manifolds, field processing facilities, central processing facilities, and crude oil separation methods. It also covers the engineering aspects such as piping, instrumentation, electrical systems, and common drawing types used like PFDs, P&IDs, and electrical drawings.

1. Introduction to
Oil/Gas Facilities
Layout

2. Contents
 General Overview.
 Process Facilities
 Oil Gathering Manifolds (OGMs).
 Field Processing Facilities ( FPF).
 Central Processing Facilities (CPF).
 Crude Oil Separation.
 Crude Oil Facilities
 Engineering (Mechanical, Electrical, Instrument)
 Different Drawing Types and Their Usage.
 Some pictures sample

3. Process of the crude oil consist of :
1 Production wells
Vertical, horizontal
(natural, artificial lift)
2 Oil Gathering Manifolds (OGMs)
Pig (launcher, receiver skid)
Well testing methods (multiphase flow meter,
single phase flow meter)
3 Field Processing Facilities (FPF)
General Overview

4. Wellhead

5. COMPACT SUBSTATION AND
RMU

6. TYPICAL SINGLE CIRCUIT
TOWER

7. OGM

8. Mala DGFF

9. POWER PLANT

10. 4 Central Processing Plant (CPF)
Comprise but not limit to :-
Inlet header ,ESD valve , heat exchangers ,
electrostatic treater.
Gas boot ,heat medium ,transfer pump ,
metering skid .
Oil analyzer ,compressed air ,storage tanks ,
off-spec Tank .
Slug catcher ,emergency generator etc.
General Overview (cont.)

11. Crude Oil Separation
Separation of crude oil is achieved by either one
or all of the following methods
1 Chemical injection emulsifier - demulsifier
2 Resident time (FWKO)
3 Heating system
4 Electrostatic methods (water drop let )

12. Crude Oil Facilities
To achieve the production of crude oil, the following
facilities are required:
1 Main Process Facilities
Header line, FPF, CPF and pump station etc
2 Electrical Generation Facilities
Power plant, transmission line, step updown
transformer, Motor Control Center (MCC), electrical
heaters, induction motor, plant lighting.
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), well site MCC,
panels, pushbuttons, contactors, relays, timers …etc

13. Crude Oil Facilities (Cont.)
3 mechanical
Include but not limit to :-
A Piping , tubing , fitting, flanges etc .
B Pumps types (centrifuge , screw, reciprocal
positive displacement ).
C Motor top drive ,packing gland , stuffing box
D Pressure vessels, drums.
E Lubricant , bearing, motor pump alignment.
F Hydrostatic test for pipes , pressure
vessels , drums.
G Welding.

14. Centrifugal pump

15. Crude Oil Facilities (cont.)
3 Instrumentation
Includes but not limit to:
A Measurement (main process variable) of
pressure, temperature, level, speed,
density, flow , pressure gauge, pressure switch,
pressure transmitter.
B Control system is the decision making or
what is the product constrain (within range).
It comprises:
Process variable, set point (predetermined value),
controller, final control element (control valve,
solenoid valve motor )…etc
C Metering for measure flow rate or how much
crude oil produce

16. D Safety System
Protection against excessive of pressure,
temperature and over flow and keep it
according to the design limits.
Fire detection system is achieved via flame,
heat, smoke detectors.
Safety system must be redundant.
Safety integral level must be high (SIL1,
SIL2 …etc ).
Safety must comply with standard codes
and regulation related to this field.
3 Instrumentation (Cont.)

17. Different Drawing Types and Their Usage
1. Process Flow Drawing ( PFD)
2. Piping & Instrumentation Drawing (P&ID)
3. Electrical Drawing (ED)

18. • Used to trace process flow through chemical plant
or refinery.
• Provide critical information about:-
• Equipment and type of piping used in each
stage of the process.
• Support utilities used in a process.
• Gives information about the following types of
equipment:-
Vessels, Heat exchangers, Pumps,
Compressors Heaters, Instruments, Valves
and Piping.
Process Flow Drawings (PFDs)

19. Process Flow Diagram

20. • Shows the detailed piping instrumentation and
equipment along with design information such
as piping size and specifications.
• It also includes:
• All the equipment & instrumentation used
• Indication of pipe sizes and type.
• Design conditions of the equipment
• It describes the way in which fluids are directed and
controlled.
Piping and Instrument Drawings (P&IDs)

21. Piping & Instrument Diagram (PIDs)

22. Utility Flow Drawings (UFDs)
Show the piping and major instrumentation used to
operate the utilities in a process.
UFDs are basically a P&IDs for utilities.
Show the way in which utilities are connected to the
process equipment for service.
Typical utilities include:
• Steam
• Fuel oil
• Instrument air
• Utility air
• Cooling water
• Flare, Process Drains

23. Electrical drawings contain information on how
electrical components and devices are connected
to provide electrical functions.
Schematics
Show the electrical connections between all
components in a circuit or device.
Used to determine a troubleshooting strategy
for the circuit.
Used to locate test points in a device or circuit.
Shows expected voltages for troubleshooting .
Electrical Drawings (EDs)

24. SCADA SYSTEM
 OPERATION STATION