Introduction to gis
•
0 likes•71 views
GIS is defined as a computer system for capturing, storing, analyzing and displaying spatial data. It allows for the collection, management, and analysis of large datasets to help identify patterns and relationships. GIS has many applications including agriculture, land management, natural resource monitoring, disaster response, and more. Key components of a GIS include spatial data layers, attribute tables, and analysis tools to solve problems and make informed decisions.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Open Data Day 2015- Kathmandu (Nama Budhathoki)
This document discusses the development of Open Map as an information infrastructure in Nepal. It provides background on OpenStreetMap and its philosophical underpinnings as a collaborative project where everyone contributes knowledge. It then outlines the growth of the OpenStreetMap movement in Nepal, noting that there are now over 26 lakh geographic elements, 2.9 lakh buildings, and 1.2 lakh kilometers of roads mapped, with 1600 contributing users. The document stresses the importance of OpenStreetMap for disaster preparedness, as a mega-earthquake could kill over 100,000 people in the Kathmandu valley alone.
Gis update2010 som-legibility
This document summarizes a case study of Jakarta, Indonesia that examines the concept of "Desakota", which refers to the blurred boundaries between rural and urban areas in rapidly developing cities. It outlines the methodology used, which included interviews, cognitive maps, and a questionnaire of 1,000 residents. Self-organizing maps and principal component analysis were applied to identify patterns in residents' ethnicity, land ownership, education, and other variables. The analysis revealed isolation exists both in rural desa villages and urban kampung settlements, and there is a "melting pot" where residents of different backgrounds coexist at the edges of the city. The study aims to further develop this methodology to examine other large, rapidly developing cities
Applied spatial data introducing
This document discusses using R for spatial data analysis. It begins by outlining the key topics that will be covered, including why R is used for spatial analysis and its relationship to GIS. It then provides background on R, describing it as a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics. The document also defines spatial data and the common types. It notes that R has thousands of packages that add functionality and discusses challenges of storing and displaying spatial data. Finally, it provides an overview of the book's structure, which first presents shared R packages for spatial data and then showcases more specialized spatial analysis techniques.
Gather 'round the Wiki-Tree: Virtual Worlds as an Open Platform for Architect...
The document discusses using virtual worlds and open source platforms to improve collaboration in architecture. It outlines experiments using Second Life and a "Wikitecture" approach to collaborative design. An open architecture network is presented that allows sharing designs online to improve living conditions. The document also summarizes a competition entry for a telemedicine center in Nepal designed using this collaborative approach.
1A_4_GIS enhances collaboration: using the line to draw disciplines together
This document discusses using GIS to enhance collaboration between different disciplines studying suburban town centers. It presents a project that developed a new conceptual model and coherent geographic framework to examine the complex relationships between land use activities and the built environment structure. This allowed urban morphologists and geographers to integrate their tools and analyses, revealing new insights about the multi-scaled interactions and clusters of activities within suburban town centers.
Mapping Flow Data
Flow maps show the movement of some phenomenon, normally goods or people, from one place to another. Lines used to symbolize the flow are typically varied in width to represent differences in the quantity of the flow. In broad terms there are three main types of linear flow map: radial, network and distributive. Radial flow maps have a spoke-like pattern because the features and places are mapped in nodal form with one place being a common origin or destination. Network flow maps are used to show interconnectivity between places and are usually based on transportation or communication linkages. Distributive flow maps typically show the distribution of commodities or some other flow that diffuses from origins to multiple destinations. An additional type of flow can be mapped using vectors, usually represented by arrows, to show direction and magnitude. These vector-based flow maps show flow for many points within an area. In this presentation, learn how you can make all these types of flow maps using ArcGIS. Using a variety of examples, we explore ArcGIS’s capabilities to map flow in both static and dynamic displays.
Rico celia
The document discusses trends in translation technology including crowdsourcing, collaborative environments, server-based workflows, virtual communities, and open systems. It notes challenges like a lack of resources for non-profit translation. It describes a research network on immigration studies and multilingual corpora on immigration. The document outlines a collaborative translation platform and references works on the evaluation and use of translation technologies.
cf. city flows - A comparative visualization of bike sharing systems
cf. city flows is a comparative visualization environment of urban bike mobility designed to help citizens casually analyze three bike-sharing systems in the context of a public exhibition space.
By Till Nagel and Christopher Pietsch.
Urban Complexity Lab, FH Potsdam
<a>http://uclab.fh-potsdam.de/</a>
This talk introduces the project and some of its goals and visualizations, and shows our design process in analyzing the data and designing the visualizations.
cf. city flows was exhibited at the Streams and Traces in November 2015 in Berlin. Find more information at http://streamsandtraces.com/
More information coming soon.
Recommended
Open Data Day 2015- Kathmandu (Nama Budhathoki)
This document discusses the development of Open Map as an information infrastructure in Nepal. It provides background on OpenStreetMap and its philosophical underpinnings as a collaborative project where everyone contributes knowledge. It then outlines the growth of the OpenStreetMap movement in Nepal, noting that there are now over 26 lakh geographic elements, 2.9 lakh buildings, and 1.2 lakh kilometers of roads mapped, with 1600 contributing users. The document stresses the importance of OpenStreetMap for disaster preparedness, as a mega-earthquake could kill over 100,000 people in the Kathmandu valley alone.
Gis update2010 som-legibility
This document summarizes a case study of Jakarta, Indonesia that examines the concept of "Desakota", which refers to the blurred boundaries between rural and urban areas in rapidly developing cities. It outlines the methodology used, which included interviews, cognitive maps, and a questionnaire of 1,000 residents. Self-organizing maps and principal component analysis were applied to identify patterns in residents' ethnicity, land ownership, education, and other variables. The analysis revealed isolation exists both in rural desa villages and urban kampung settlements, and there is a "melting pot" where residents of different backgrounds coexist at the edges of the city. The study aims to further develop this methodology to examine other large, rapidly developing cities
Applied spatial data introducing
This document discusses using R for spatial data analysis. It begins by outlining the key topics that will be covered, including why R is used for spatial analysis and its relationship to GIS. It then provides background on R, describing it as a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics. The document also defines spatial data and the common types. It notes that R has thousands of packages that add functionality and discusses challenges of storing and displaying spatial data. Finally, it provides an overview of the book's structure, which first presents shared R packages for spatial data and then showcases more specialized spatial analysis techniques.
Gather 'round the Wiki-Tree: Virtual Worlds as an Open Platform for Architect...
The document discusses using virtual worlds and open source platforms to improve collaboration in architecture. It outlines experiments using Second Life and a "Wikitecture" approach to collaborative design. An open architecture network is presented that allows sharing designs online to improve living conditions. The document also summarizes a competition entry for a telemedicine center in Nepal designed using this collaborative approach.
1A_4_GIS enhances collaboration: using the line to draw disciplines together
This document discusses using GIS to enhance collaboration between different disciplines studying suburban town centers. It presents a project that developed a new conceptual model and coherent geographic framework to examine the complex relationships between land use activities and the built environment structure. This allowed urban morphologists and geographers to integrate their tools and analyses, revealing new insights about the multi-scaled interactions and clusters of activities within suburban town centers.
Mapping Flow Data
Flow maps show the movement of some phenomenon, normally goods or people, from one place to another. Lines used to symbolize the flow are typically varied in width to represent differences in the quantity of the flow. In broad terms there are three main types of linear flow map: radial, network and distributive. Radial flow maps have a spoke-like pattern because the features and places are mapped in nodal form with one place being a common origin or destination. Network flow maps are used to show interconnectivity between places and are usually based on transportation or communication linkages. Distributive flow maps typically show the distribution of commodities or some other flow that diffuses from origins to multiple destinations. An additional type of flow can be mapped using vectors, usually represented by arrows, to show direction and magnitude. These vector-based flow maps show flow for many points within an area. In this presentation, learn how you can make all these types of flow maps using ArcGIS. Using a variety of examples, we explore ArcGIS’s capabilities to map flow in both static and dynamic displays.
Rico celia
The document discusses trends in translation technology including crowdsourcing, collaborative environments, server-based workflows, virtual communities, and open systems. It notes challenges like a lack of resources for non-profit translation. It describes a research network on immigration studies and multilingual corpora on immigration. The document outlines a collaborative translation platform and references works on the evaluation and use of translation technologies.
cf. city flows - A comparative visualization of bike sharing systems
cf. city flows is a comparative visualization environment of urban bike mobility designed to help citizens casually analyze three bike-sharing systems in the context of a public exhibition space.
By Till Nagel and Christopher Pietsch.
Urban Complexity Lab, FH Potsdam
<a>http://uclab.fh-potsdam.de/</a>
This talk introduces the project and some of its goals and visualizations, and shows our design process in analyzing the data and designing the visualizations.
cf. city flows was exhibited at the Streams and Traces in November 2015 in Berlin. Find more information at http://streamsandtraces.com/
More information coming soon.
Lauriault odx13 panel3
Slide 1:
Geospatial Data Infrastructures s are the institutions, policies, technologies, processes and standards and framework data that direct the who, how, what and why geospatial data are collected, stored, manipulated, analyzed, transformed and shared, MULTIDIMENSIONAL, INTERSECTORAL, CROSS-DOMAIN, INTERDEPARTMENTAL, REQUIRING NATIONAL CONSENSUS BUILDING.
Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) Association - http://www.gsdi.org/
GSDI Cookbook - http://www.gsdidocs.org/GSDIWiki/index.php/Main_Page
Slide 2:
Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure: http://geoconnections.nrcan.gc.ca/home
Slide 3:
Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) - http://www.earthobservations.org/geoss.shtml
Slide 4:
Global Map International Steering Committee for Global Mapping Specifications: http://www.iscgm.org/cgi-bin/fswiki/wiki.cgi?page=Documentation
Slide 5 :
Agenda 21 Rio 1992 Chapter on Information for Decision Making - http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentid=52
Slide 6:
IPY Data Management Policy: http://www.api-ipy.gc.ca/pg_IPYAPI_055-eng.html
Canadian Polar Data Network: http://polardatanetwork.ca/
Polar Data Catalogue: http://polardata.ca/
Datacite Canada: http://cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/cisti/datacite-canada/index.html
Slide 7:
Thinking about the lifecycle of data:
Digital Curation Centre: http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/curation-lifecycle-model and
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/publications/DCCLifecycle.pdf
D-STOP Overview April 2018
The Business Advisory Council meeting covered the following topics in 3 sentences or less:
The meeting covered updates on education and workforce development programs at the Engineering Education and Research Center including summer internships and distinguished lectures. Research updates were provided on 30 completed projects and 18 ongoing projects covering topics like connected corridors and autonomous vehicles. New proposed research was presented on topics such as video data analytics, traffic signal optimization, and modeling willingness to share trips in autonomous vehicles.
Linked Open Geodata Keynote by Andreas Langegger
This document summarizes the history of cartography and mapmaking from early cave paintings to modern web-based maps. It discusses important historical maps and their creators from antiquity through the 15th century. It also outlines the development of map projections and traces the evolution of web mapping from early platforms in the 1990s to modern tools and open data sources. Finally, it considers opportunities for linking open geographic data to other open government and linked open data sources.
2013 gis, gil and libraries… mapping in the digital age
Presented at a ICTLIG, LIASA event on 8 July 2013. This talk introduces the concept of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Librarian within the context of Geographic Information Librarianship to an audience comprised of South African Librarians.
City as System - Design London Living Labs Global
a <a>Design London</a> and <a>Living Labs Global</a> event to bring together the tech and public sectors to talk about connected cities
Context awareness in the travel companion of the shift2 rail initiative
Providing personalized offers, and services in general, for the users of a system requires perceiving the context in which the users' preferences are rooted. In this work, we introduce the use of an already known model and methodology-based on the so-called Context Dimension Tree-along with a conceptual architecture to build a recommender system that offers personalized services for travelers. The research is performed in the frame of the Shift2Rail initiative as part of the Innovation Programme 4 of EU Horizon 2020.
Ecosystem Mood Board
The competitive landscape for ecosystem creation is complex, with many players pursuing different strategies. Platform owners seek to balance control over their ecosystems with openness to attract external contributors and complementors. However, open platforms may struggle to capture value from the ecosystems they help create and face challenges in coordinating participants toward a shared vision.
NEARC 2009 CUNY Mapping Service
The document discusses the development of an interactive mapping application for the Long Island Index project using a hybrid "geo stack" approach. It combines proprietary ESRI ArcGIS software to manage spatial data with open source mapping libraries like OpenLayers to display interactive maps in the browser. The result is a website that allows users to visualize and explore socioeconomic and environmental indicators for communities on Long Island. It leverages different technologies to provide an easy-to-use and intuitive mapping experience while maintaining control over spatial data and cartography.
GIS Lecture_edited.ppt
The document discusses geographic information systems (GIS). It defines GIS as a computer system for collecting, storing, analyzing and displaying spatially-referenced data. The key components of a GIS are hardware, software, data, procedures and users. GIS has functions like inputting, storing, querying, analyzing and displaying spatial data. It can be used for applications in various fields such as agriculture, transportation and environmental planning. The document also covers spatial data models, coordinate systems and map projections used in GIS.
Spatial Databases
Spatial databases are designed to store and analyze spatial data more efficiently than traditional databases. Spatial data represents objects in geometric space and includes points, lines, and polygons. Spatial databases use spatial indexes and spatial query languages to optimize storage and retrieval of spatial data types and allow spatial queries and analysis. Common spatial database operations include measurements, functions, and predicates on geometric objects.
Introduction to GIS systems
GIS systems allow for the input, storage, manipulation, analysis and output of geographic data. Spatial data represents location and attributes provide additional data about features. Data can be represented as vectors using points, lines and polygons, or as rasters in a grid cell format. Key properties of spatial data include projection, scale, accuracy, resolution and how it represents real world features. GIS allows for integrated analysis of spatial and attribute data through functions like classification, measurement, overlay and more.
Introduction to GIS
A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data.
2-200305220204.pdf
This document defines and describes a geographic information system (GIS). It explains that a GIS captures, stores, integrates, analyzes and displays spatially-referenced data through a computer system. The key components of a GIS are hardware, software, data, people, and methods. The document outlines common GIS functions and applications, and describes important concepts like data structure, file formats, map elements, and geospatial analysis techniques.
Introduction to GIS.pptx
basic concept of geographic data,GIS and its component,data acquisition ,raster, vector formats,spatial data,topology and data model data output ,GIS applications
ARC2GIS Essay A Geographic Information System (GIS) Does Not Store Maps. Dis...
A GIS stores spatial data and attributes in databases rather than maps. It can use these databases to generate maps by linking spatial data to files like images. However, a GIS does not actually store the maps themselves. Instead, it saves "map document" files that reference the databases and contain properties for visualizing and manipulating the spatial data. The primary function of a GIS is to organize and analyze geographic information through these databases, not to store static maps. It is a powerful tool for tasks like spatial analysis and modeling across many fields.
Conceptual models of real world geographical phenomena (epm107_2007)
Conceptual models of geographical phenomena abstract and simplify aspects of reality for representation in geographic information systems (GIS). Data can be represented as discrete entities with boundaries or precise attributes, or as continuous fields that vary smoothly over space. GIS uses both vector and raster data structures, with vectors best for objects and topology but rasters more suitable for analysis of continuous surface variables like elevation.
Introduction to GIS
DEFINITION :
GIS is a powerful set of tools for collecting, storing , retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes
APPLICATION AREAS OF GIS
Agriculture
Business
Electric/Gas utilities
Environment
Forestry
Geology
Hydrology
Land-use planning
Local government
Mapping
11. Military
12. Risk management
13. Site planning
14. Transportation
15. Water / Waste water industry
COMPONENTS OF GIS
DATA INPUT
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Data Model:
It describes in an abstract way how the data is represented in an information system or in DBMS
Spatial Data Model :
The models or abstractions of reality that are intended to have some similarity with selected aspects of the real world
Creation of analogue and digital spatial data sets involves seven levels of model development and abstraction
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Conceptual model : A view of reality
Analog model : Human conceptualization leads to analogue abstraction
Spatial data models : Formalization of analogue abstractions without any conventions
Database model : How the data are recorded in the computer
Physical computational model : Particular representation of the data structures in computer memory
Data manipulation model : Accepted axioms and rules for handling the data
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Objects on the earth surface are shown as continuous and discrete objects in spatial data models
Types of data models
Raster data model
vector data models
RASTER DATA MODEL
Basic Elements :
Extent
Rows
Columns
Origin
Orientation
Resolution: pixel = grain = grid cell
Ex: Bit Map Image (BMP),Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG), Portable Network Graphics(PNG) etc
RASTER DATA MODEL
VECTOR DATA MODEL
Basic Elements:
Location (x,y) or (x,y,z)
Explicit, i.e. pegged to a coordinate system
Different coordinate system (and precision) require different values
o e.g. UTM as integer (but large)
o Lat, long as two floating point numbers +/-
Points are used to build more complex features
Ex: Auto CAD Drawing File(DWG), Data Interchange(exchange) File(DXF), Vector Product Format (VPF) etc
VECTOR DATA MODEL
RASTER vs VECTOR Raster is faster but Vector is corrector
TESSELLATIONS OF CONTINUOUS FIELDS
Triangular Irregular Network: (TIN)
TIN is a vector data structure for representing geographical information that is continuous
Digital elevation model
TIN is generally used to create Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL
DATA STRUCTURES
Data structure tells about how the data is stored
Data organization in raster data structures
Each cell is referenced directly
Each overlay Is referenced directly
Each mapping unit is referenced directly
Each overlay is separate file with general header
datamodel_vector
GIS data models define real-world phenomena in a way that computers can interpret and analyze. There are two main data models: vector and raster. Vector data models use points, lines, and polygons defined by x,y coordinates to represent discrete geographic features. Raster data models use a grid of cells or pixels to represent continuous surfaces like elevation or rainfall. Scale affects how spatial entities are represented as points, lines, or polygons in a vector data model. Common vector data formats include shapefiles, coverages, and digital line graphs.
Gis Concepts 1/5
Introduction to basic concepts on Geographical Information Systems
Autor: Msc. Alexander Mogollón Diaz
http://www.agronomia.unal.edu.co
Overview of gis new
This document provides an overview of geographic information systems (GIS). It defines GIS and describes its key components, including hardware, software, spatial data, and trained personnel. It explains the types of maps used in GIS like topographic maps and thematic maps. It also outlines common uses of GIS for applications in fields like forestry, wildlife tracking, waste management, agriculture, and more. Finally, it compares GIS to traditional maps and highlights advantages of GIS for data storage, indexing, analysis, and display.
Basic of gis concept and theories
The document discusses the application of remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) in civil engineering. It provides definitions of remote sensing as remotely sensing objects on Earth and GIS as a system to capture, store, analyze and present geographically referenced data. The document outlines some basic concepts of GIS including its origins from technologies like computer-aided cartography and databases. It also discusses data types in GIS like spatial data, attributes and different data models. Common software, functional elements and applications of GIS in areas like facilities management and environmental planning are summarized as well.
spatial databases ADBMS ppt
A spatial database, or geodatabase is a database that is optimized to store and query data
that represents objects defined in a geometric space. Most spatial databases allow representing simple geometric objects such as points, lines and polygons.
More Related Content
What's hot
Lauriault odx13 panel3
Slide 1:
Geospatial Data Infrastructures s are the institutions, policies, technologies, processes and standards and framework data that direct the who, how, what and why geospatial data are collected, stored, manipulated, analyzed, transformed and shared, MULTIDIMENSIONAL, INTERSECTORAL, CROSS-DOMAIN, INTERDEPARTMENTAL, REQUIRING NATIONAL CONSENSUS BUILDING.
Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) Association - http://www.gsdi.org/
GSDI Cookbook - http://www.gsdidocs.org/GSDIWiki/index.php/Main_Page
Slide 2:
Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure: http://geoconnections.nrcan.gc.ca/home
Slide 3:
Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) - http://www.earthobservations.org/geoss.shtml
Slide 4:
Global Map International Steering Committee for Global Mapping Specifications: http://www.iscgm.org/cgi-bin/fswiki/wiki.cgi?page=Documentation
Slide 5 :
Agenda 21 Rio 1992 Chapter on Information for Decision Making - http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentid=52
Slide 6:
IPY Data Management Policy: http://www.api-ipy.gc.ca/pg_IPYAPI_055-eng.html
Canadian Polar Data Network: http://polardatanetwork.ca/
Polar Data Catalogue: http://polardata.ca/
Datacite Canada: http://cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/cisti/datacite-canada/index.html
Slide 7:
Thinking about the lifecycle of data:
Digital Curation Centre: http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/curation-lifecycle-model and
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/publications/DCCLifecycle.pdf
D-STOP Overview April 2018
The Business Advisory Council meeting covered the following topics in 3 sentences or less:
The meeting covered updates on education and workforce development programs at the Engineering Education and Research Center including summer internships and distinguished lectures. Research updates were provided on 30 completed projects and 18 ongoing projects covering topics like connected corridors and autonomous vehicles. New proposed research was presented on topics such as video data analytics, traffic signal optimization, and modeling willingness to share trips in autonomous vehicles.
Linked Open Geodata Keynote by Andreas Langegger
This document summarizes the history of cartography and mapmaking from early cave paintings to modern web-based maps. It discusses important historical maps and their creators from antiquity through the 15th century. It also outlines the development of map projections and traces the evolution of web mapping from early platforms in the 1990s to modern tools and open data sources. Finally, it considers opportunities for linking open geographic data to other open government and linked open data sources.
2013 gis, gil and libraries… mapping in the digital age
Presented at a ICTLIG, LIASA event on 8 July 2013. This talk introduces the concept of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Librarian within the context of Geographic Information Librarianship to an audience comprised of South African Librarians.
City as System - Design London Living Labs Global
a <a>Design London</a> and <a>Living Labs Global</a> event to bring together the tech and public sectors to talk about connected cities
Context awareness in the travel companion of the shift2 rail initiative
Providing personalized offers, and services in general, for the users of a system requires perceiving the context in which the users' preferences are rooted. In this work, we introduce the use of an already known model and methodology-based on the so-called Context Dimension Tree-along with a conceptual architecture to build a recommender system that offers personalized services for travelers. The research is performed in the frame of the Shift2Rail initiative as part of the Innovation Programme 4 of EU Horizon 2020.
Ecosystem Mood Board
The competitive landscape for ecosystem creation is complex, with many players pursuing different strategies. Platform owners seek to balance control over their ecosystems with openness to attract external contributors and complementors. However, open platforms may struggle to capture value from the ecosystems they help create and face challenges in coordinating participants toward a shared vision.
NEARC 2009 CUNY Mapping Service
The document discusses the development of an interactive mapping application for the Long Island Index project using a hybrid "geo stack" approach. It combines proprietary ESRI ArcGIS software to manage spatial data with open source mapping libraries like OpenLayers to display interactive maps in the browser. The result is a website that allows users to visualize and explore socioeconomic and environmental indicators for communities on Long Island. It leverages different technologies to provide an easy-to-use and intuitive mapping experience while maintaining control over spatial data and cartography.
What's hot (8)
2013 gis, gil and libraries… mapping in the digital age
2013 gis, gil and libraries… mapping in the digital age
Context awareness in the travel companion of the shift2 rail initiative
Context awareness in the travel companion of the shift2 rail initiative
Similar to Introduction to gis
GIS Lecture_edited.ppt
The document discusses geographic information systems (GIS). It defines GIS as a computer system for collecting, storing, analyzing and displaying spatially-referenced data. The key components of a GIS are hardware, software, data, procedures and users. GIS has functions like inputting, storing, querying, analyzing and displaying spatial data. It can be used for applications in various fields such as agriculture, transportation and environmental planning. The document also covers spatial data models, coordinate systems and map projections used in GIS.
Spatial Databases
Spatial databases are designed to store and analyze spatial data more efficiently than traditional databases. Spatial data represents objects in geometric space and includes points, lines, and polygons. Spatial databases use spatial indexes and spatial query languages to optimize storage and retrieval of spatial data types and allow spatial queries and analysis. Common spatial database operations include measurements, functions, and predicates on geometric objects.
Introduction to GIS systems
GIS systems allow for the input, storage, manipulation, analysis and output of geographic data. Spatial data represents location and attributes provide additional data about features. Data can be represented as vectors using points, lines and polygons, or as rasters in a grid cell format. Key properties of spatial data include projection, scale, accuracy, resolution and how it represents real world features. GIS allows for integrated analysis of spatial and attribute data through functions like classification, measurement, overlay and more.
Introduction to GIS
A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data.
2-200305220204.pdf
This document defines and describes a geographic information system (GIS). It explains that a GIS captures, stores, integrates, analyzes and displays spatially-referenced data through a computer system. The key components of a GIS are hardware, software, data, people, and methods. The document outlines common GIS functions and applications, and describes important concepts like data structure, file formats, map elements, and geospatial analysis techniques.
Introduction to GIS.pptx
basic concept of geographic data,GIS and its component,data acquisition ,raster, vector formats,spatial data,topology and data model data output ,GIS applications
ARC2GIS Essay A Geographic Information System (GIS) Does Not Store Maps. Dis...
A GIS stores spatial data and attributes in databases rather than maps. It can use these databases to generate maps by linking spatial data to files like images. However, a GIS does not actually store the maps themselves. Instead, it saves "map document" files that reference the databases and contain properties for visualizing and manipulating the spatial data. The primary function of a GIS is to organize and analyze geographic information through these databases, not to store static maps. It is a powerful tool for tasks like spatial analysis and modeling across many fields.
Conceptual models of real world geographical phenomena (epm107_2007)
Conceptual models of geographical phenomena abstract and simplify aspects of reality for representation in geographic information systems (GIS). Data can be represented as discrete entities with boundaries or precise attributes, or as continuous fields that vary smoothly over space. GIS uses both vector and raster data structures, with vectors best for objects and topology but rasters more suitable for analysis of continuous surface variables like elevation.
Introduction to GIS
DEFINITION :
GIS is a powerful set of tools for collecting, storing , retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes
APPLICATION AREAS OF GIS
Agriculture
Business
Electric/Gas utilities
Environment
Forestry
Geology
Hydrology
Land-use planning
Local government
Mapping
11. Military
12. Risk management
13. Site planning
14. Transportation
15. Water / Waste water industry
COMPONENTS OF GIS
DATA INPUT
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Data Model:
It describes in an abstract way how the data is represented in an information system or in DBMS
Spatial Data Model :
The models or abstractions of reality that are intended to have some similarity with selected aspects of the real world
Creation of analogue and digital spatial data sets involves seven levels of model development and abstraction
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Conceptual model : A view of reality
Analog model : Human conceptualization leads to analogue abstraction
Spatial data models : Formalization of analogue abstractions without any conventions
Database model : How the data are recorded in the computer
Physical computational model : Particular representation of the data structures in computer memory
Data manipulation model : Accepted axioms and rules for handling the data
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
SPATIAL DATA MODEL
Objects on the earth surface are shown as continuous and discrete objects in spatial data models
Types of data models
Raster data model
vector data models
RASTER DATA MODEL
Basic Elements :
Extent
Rows
Columns
Origin
Orientation
Resolution: pixel = grain = grid cell
Ex: Bit Map Image (BMP),Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG), Portable Network Graphics(PNG) etc
RASTER DATA MODEL
VECTOR DATA MODEL
Basic Elements:
Location (x,y) or (x,y,z)
Explicit, i.e. pegged to a coordinate system
Different coordinate system (and precision) require different values
o e.g. UTM as integer (but large)
o Lat, long as two floating point numbers +/-
Points are used to build more complex features
Ex: Auto CAD Drawing File(DWG), Data Interchange(exchange) File(DXF), Vector Product Format (VPF) etc
VECTOR DATA MODEL
RASTER vs VECTOR Raster is faster but Vector is corrector
TESSELLATIONS OF CONTINUOUS FIELDS
Triangular Irregular Network: (TIN)
TIN is a vector data structure for representing geographical information that is continuous
Digital elevation model
TIN is generally used to create Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL
DATA STRUCTURES
Data structure tells about how the data is stored
Data organization in raster data structures
Each cell is referenced directly
Each overlay Is referenced directly
Each mapping unit is referenced directly
Each overlay is separate file with general header
datamodel_vector
GIS data models define real-world phenomena in a way that computers can interpret and analyze. There are two main data models: vector and raster. Vector data models use points, lines, and polygons defined by x,y coordinates to represent discrete geographic features. Raster data models use a grid of cells or pixels to represent continuous surfaces like elevation or rainfall. Scale affects how spatial entities are represented as points, lines, or polygons in a vector data model. Common vector data formats include shapefiles, coverages, and digital line graphs.
Gis Concepts 1/5
Introduction to basic concepts on Geographical Information Systems
Autor: Msc. Alexander Mogollón Diaz
http://www.agronomia.unal.edu.co
Overview of gis new
This document provides an overview of geographic information systems (GIS). It defines GIS and describes its key components, including hardware, software, spatial data, and trained personnel. It explains the types of maps used in GIS like topographic maps and thematic maps. It also outlines common uses of GIS for applications in fields like forestry, wildlife tracking, waste management, agriculture, and more. Finally, it compares GIS to traditional maps and highlights advantages of GIS for data storage, indexing, analysis, and display.
Basic of gis concept and theories
The document discusses the application of remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) in civil engineering. It provides definitions of remote sensing as remotely sensing objects on Earth and GIS as a system to capture, store, analyze and present geographically referenced data. The document outlines some basic concepts of GIS including its origins from technologies like computer-aided cartography and databases. It also discusses data types in GIS like spatial data, attributes and different data models. Common software, functional elements and applications of GIS in areas like facilities management and environmental planning are summarized as well.
spatial databases ADBMS ppt
A spatial database, or geodatabase is a database that is optimized to store and query data
that represents objects defined in a geometric space. Most spatial databases allow representing simple geometric objects such as points, lines and polygons.
Spatial databases
The document discusses spatial data and spatial databases. It defines spatial data as data related to space, including location, shape, size and orientation of objects. It discusses the types of spatial data like points, lines, polygons and pixels. It also discusses non-spatial data and how spatial data is organized using coordinates. The key properties of spatial data are geometry, distribution of objects in space, temporal changes and data volume. Spatial databases allow for efficient storage and querying of spatial data through the use of spatial data types and indexes.
A Journey to the World of GIS
This document provides an overview of geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses key concepts in GIS including representing geographic features using vector and raster data models, different data types like points, lines and polygons, scale and resolution, coordinate systems and map projections. The document also touches on accuracy, editing errors in GIS data, and using GIS to answer questions about location, conditions, trends, patterns and modeling.
the title of this course is Entitles as GIS and Remote sensing
This course is entitled as GIS and Remote sensing, this course is mainly focus on the application of GIS on irrigation water which is the application of water to the soil for the purpose of crop production
Geographic information system
Definition of gis.
component of gis .
function of gis.
data structure,
uses of gis ,
geo-referencing.
Modeling a geo spatial database for managing travelers demand
The geo-spatial database is a new technology in database systems which allow storing, retrieving and
maintaining the spatial data. In this paper, we seek to design and implement a geo-spatial database for
managing the traveler’s demand with the aid of open-source tools and object-relational database package.
The building of geo-spatial database starts with the design of data model in terms of conceptual, logical
and physical data model and then the design has been implemented into an object-relational database. The
geo-spatial database is developed to facilitate the storage of geographic information (where things are)
with descriptive information (what things are like) into the vector model. The developed vector geo-spatial
data can be accessed and rendered in the form of map to create the awareness of existence of various
services and facilities for prospective travelers and visitors.
Geographic information system(GIS) and its applications in agriculture
This document presents a seminar on geographic information systems (GIS) given by Nalla Anthony Kiranmai. The seminar discusses the principles, components, functions, applications and advantages of GIS. It covers topics such as the linkage between remote sensing and GIS, vector vs raster data representation, spatial data analysis functions including overlays and buffers, and applications of GIS in fields like agriculture, land suitability analysis, and groundwater assessment. The seminar aims to provide an introduction to GIS concepts and demonstrate how GIS can be used as an integrated technology for spatial analysis and decision support.
Similar to Introduction to gis (20)
ARC2GIS Essay A Geographic Information System (GIS) Does Not Store Maps. Dis...
ARC2GIS Essay A Geographic Information System (GIS) Does Not Store Maps. Dis...
Conceptual models of real world geographical phenomena (epm107_2007)
Conceptual models of real world geographical phenomena (epm107_2007)
the title of this course is Entitles as GIS and Remote sensing
the title of this course is Entitles as GIS and Remote sensing
Modeling a geo spatial database for managing travelers demand
Modeling a geo spatial database for managing travelers demand
Geographic information system(GIS) and its applications in agriculture
Geographic information system(GIS) and its applications in agriculture
Recently uploaded
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience Wahiba Chair Training & Consulting
Wahiba Chair's Talk at the 2024 Learning Ideas Conference. Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdBBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Recently uploaded (20)
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Introduction to gis
- 1. lecture by: Vrushali Kadam
- 2. Definition of GIS “A computer - assisted system for the capture, storage, retrieval, analysis and display of spatial data, within a particular Organization” (Stillwell & Clarke, 1987). “A powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world” (Burrough,1987).
- 3. GIS in everyday life
- 7. GIS Data Types Spatial Data Raster Vector Non- Spatial Attribute Example of Attribute data
- 8. DATA MODELS Points are zero-dimensional objects that contain only a single coordinate pair. Used to represent Wells, buildings, City location etc. Lines are one-dimensional features composed of multiple, explicitly connected points. Lines are used to represent linear features such as roads, streams, faults, boundaries etc. Polygons are two-dimensional features created by multiple lines that loop back to create a “closed” feature. Polygons are used to represent features such as city boundaries, geologic formations, lakes, soil associations, vegetation communities etc. Source for concepts: https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_essentials-of-geographic-information-systems/index.html Vector Raster
- 9. Applications Of GIS • Agricultural development • Land evaluation analysis • Change detection of vegetated areas • Analysis of deforestation and associated environmental hazards • Monitoring vegetation health • Mapping percentage vegetation cover for the management of land • Crop acreage and production estimation • Wasteland mapping • Soil resources mapping • Groundwater potential mapping • Geological and mineral exploration • Snow-melt run-off forecasting • Monitoring forest fire • Monitoring ocean productivity etc. • GIS application in Forestry Source of Image: https://images.app.goo.gl/cWYHUZMvTpK1BWH96
- 10. Applications Of GIS Example of disaster management related apps used by Indian government
- 11. Other example from the information industries Source of Image: https://www.esri.com/news/arcnews/summer11articles/open-rest-standard-lets-you-author-and-use-map-and-gis-services-almost-anywhere.html