GIS is defined as a computer system for capturing, storing, analyzing and displaying spatial data. It allows for the collection, management, and analysis of large datasets to help identify patterns and relationships. GIS has many applications including agriculture, land management, natural resource monitoring, disaster response, and more. Key components of a GIS include spatial data layers, attribute tables, and analysis tools to solve problems and make informed decisions.

1. lecture by: Vrushali Kadam

2. Definition of GIS
“A computer - assisted system for the capture, storage, retrieval, analysis and display of spatial
data, within a particular Organization” (Stillwell & Clarke, 1987).
“A powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transforming and displaying
spatial data from the real world” (Burrough,1987).

3. GIS in everyday life

4. Functions of GIS

5. Components of GIS

6. GIS Processes
Define
Problem
Define
GIS
Criteria
Import
or Built
Datasets
GIS
Analysis
Output
Decision

7. GIS Data Types
Spatial
Data
Raster
Vector
Non-
Spatial
Attribute
Example of Attribute data

8. DATA MODELS
Points are zero-dimensional objects that contain only a single
coordinate pair. Used to represent Wells, buildings, City location
etc.
Lines are one-dimensional features composed of multiple,
explicitly connected points. Lines are used to represent linear
features such as roads, streams, faults, boundaries etc.
Polygons are two-dimensional features created by multiple lines
that loop back to create a “closed” feature.
Polygons are used to represent features such as city boundaries,
geologic formations, lakes, soil associations, vegetation
communities etc.
Source for concepts:
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_essentials-of-geographic-information-systems/index.html
Vector Raster

9. Applications Of GIS
• Agricultural development
• Land evaluation analysis
• Change detection of vegetated areas
• Analysis of deforestation and associated environmental hazards
• Monitoring vegetation health
• Mapping percentage vegetation cover for the management of land
• Crop acreage and production estimation
• Wasteland mapping
• Soil resources mapping
• Groundwater potential mapping
• Geological and mineral exploration
• Snow-melt run-off forecasting
• Monitoring forest fire
• Monitoring ocean productivity etc.
• GIS application in Forestry
Source of Image: https://images.app.goo.gl/cWYHUZMvTpK1BWH96

10. Applications Of GIS
Example of disaster management related apps used by Indian government

11. Other example from the information industries
Source of Image:
https://www.esri.com/news/arcnews/summer11articles/open-rest-standard-lets-you-author-and-use-map-and-gis-services-almost-anywhere.html