This document provides an overview of key concepts in management information systems (MIS) including data, information, types of information needed by organizations, systems and their characteristics, types of systems, information systems, management information systems, functions of MIS, need for information systems in different business areas, feasibility study, and decision making. The overall aim is to explain basic terminologies in decision support systems and MIS with a focus on the first unit of study.

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2. OUR AIM IS TO EXPLIAN AND ELICUDATE THE
BASIC TERMONOLOGIES OF DSS-MIS AND OUR
FOCUS WILL BE ON DISCUSSING THE FIRST
UNIT OF DSS-MIS
AIM OF OUR PRESENTATION
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3. DATA IS A SET OF VALUES EITHER QUALITATIVE VARIABLES OR
QUANTITAVE VARIABLES, IN A RAW OR UNORGANIZED FORM.
DATA
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4. IT IS A DATA THAT HAS BEEN PROCESSED IN SUCH A WAY AS TO
BE MEANINGFULL FOR THE PERSON WHO RECEIVES IT.
INFORMATION
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5. RELEVANT
ACCURATE
CURRENT
COMPLETE
ECONOMICAL
CHARACTERSTICS OF INFORMATION
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6. COMPUTER-BASED ISS TAKE DATA AS RAW MATERIAL, PROCESS
IT, AND PRODUCE INFORMATION AS OUTPUT.
GENERATING INFORMATION
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7. Daily sales account
List of low stock items to be re-ordered
List of overstock items
Long overdue payments
Profit and loss account
EXAMPLE OF INFORMATION NEEDED BY A
SHOPKEEPER
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8. STRATEGIC: NEEDED FOR LONG RANGE
PLANNING AND DIRECTIONS
OPERATIONAL: NEEDED FOR DAY TO DAY
OPERATIONS OF THE ORGANIZATION.
TACTICAL: NEEDED TO TAKE SHORT RANGE
DECISIONS TO IMPROVE
TYPES OF INFORMATION
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9. SYSTEM AS A GROUP OF INTERRELATED COMPONENTS
WORKING TOGETHER TOWARD A COMMON GOAL BY
ACCEPTING INPUTS AND PRODUCING OUTPUTS IN AN
ORGANIZED TRANSFORMATION PROCESS.
SYSTEM
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10. INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT
SYSTEM AND ITS THREE BASIC INTERACTING
COMPONENTS OR FUNCTIONS
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11.  A SYSTEM WITH A FEEDBACK IS KNOWN AS CYBERNETIC
SYSTEM.
CYBERNETIC SYSTEM
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12.  A SYSTEM DOES NOT EXIST IN A VACUUM; RATHER,
IT EXISTS AND FUNCTION IN AN ENVIRONMENT
CONTAINING OTHER SYSTEMS.
 IF A SYSTEM IS ONE OF THE COMPONENTS OF A
LARGER SYSTEM, IT IS THEN REFERRED TO AS A
SUBSYSTEM, AND THE LARGER SYSTEM IS ITS
ENVIRONMENT.
 THE SYSTEM THAT HAS THE ABILITY TO CHANGE
ITSELF OR ITS ENVIRONMENT IN ORDER TO SURVIVE
IS AN ADAPTIVE system
SYSTEM CHARACTERSTICS
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13. THE SYSTEMS CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN DIFFERENT CATEGORIES
BASED ON THE PREDICTABILITY OF ITS OUTPUT AND THE
DEGREE OF INFORMATION EXCHANGE WITH THE ENVIRONMENT
DETERMINISTIC: WHEN THE INPUTS, THE PROCESS AND THE
OUTPUTS OF A SYSTEM ARE KNOWN WITH CERTAINTY. IN A
DETERMINISTIC SYSTEM, YOU CAN PREDICT THE OUTPUT WITH
CERTAINTY.
PROBABILISTIC: WHEN THE OUTPUT CAN ONLY BE PREDICTED IN
PROBABILISTIC TERMS. THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IS
DETERMINISTIC WHILE THE DEMAND FORECASTING SYSTEM IS A
PROBABILISTIC ONE.
TYPES OF SYSTEM
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14.  CLOSED SYSTEM : IF A SYSTEM IS FUNCTIONING IN ISOLATION
FROM THE ENVIRONMENT, THEN THE SYSTEM DOES NOT HAVE
ANY EXCHANGE WITH THE ENVIRONMENT NOR IS IT
INFLUENCED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES.
 OPEN SYSTEM: IF THE SYSTEM HAS EXCHANGE WITH THE
ENVIRONMENT AND IS INFLUENCED BY THE ENVIRONMENT
THEN IT IS CALLED AN OPEN SYSTEM.
TYPES OF SYSTEMS
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15. TYPES OF SYTEMS
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16. INFORMATION SYSTEM CONSISTS OF PHYSICAL AND
NON-PHYSICAL COMPONENTS WORKING TOGETHER.
A COMPUTER COMBINES WITH A SOFTWARE PROGRAM
MAY CONSTITUTE AN INFORMATION SYSTEM, BUT ONLY
IF THE PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO PRODUCE
INFORMATION THAT HELPS AN ORGANIZATION OR
PERSON TO ACHIEVE A SPECIFIC GOAL.
.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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17. COMPUTER-BASED OR MANUAL SYSTEM -
TRANSFORMS DATA INTO INFORMATION TO SUPPORT
THE DECISION MAKING. MIS CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS
PERFORMING THREE FUNCTIONS.
MANAGEMENT INFORNATION SYSTEM
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18. (1) TO GENERATE REPORTS - FOR EXAMPLE, FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS, INVENTORY STATUS REPORTS, OR
PERFORMANCE REPORTS NEEDED FOR ROUTINE OR NON-
ROUTINE PURPOSES.
(2) TO ANSWER WHAT-IF QUESTIONS ASKED BY MANAGEMENT.
FOR EXAMPLE, QUESTIONS SUCH AS "WHAT WOULD HAPPEN
TO DEPOSITS IF THE BANK INCREASES INTEREST RATES?"
CAN BE ANSWERED BY MIS.
(3) TO SUPPORT DECISION MAKING. THIS TYPE OF MIS IS
APPROPRIATELY CALLED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (DSS).
FUNCTIONS OF MIS
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19. Sales and marketing
Manufacturing
Finance
Accounting
Human resources
NEED OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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20. INFORMATION SYTEM & ORGANIZATION
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21. Technical
Feasibility
Economical
Feasibility
Operational
Feasibility
FEASIBILITY STUDY
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22. DECISION MAKING IS A PROCESS OF CHOOSING
AMONG ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION FOR THE
PURPOSE OF ATTAINING A GOAL OR GOALS.
DECISION MAKING
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23. THANK YOU
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