This document discusses the evolution and components of computers. It covers: 1) The evolution of computers from ancient times through the 1940s, including inventions like the abacus, slide rule, and the first programmable computers. 2) The three main components of a computer system: input devices, storage devices, and output devices. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, and scanners. Storage devices include hard disks, ROM, and RAM. Output devices include monitors, printers, and headphones. 3) More details on specific input devices like keyboards and mice, storage devices like hard disks, and output devices like monitors and printers.

1. INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Chapter 1

2. EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS
Year Invention
Anci
ent
Times
Sand Tables
5000
years
ago
Abacus
1614 Napier Bones
1620
AD
Slide Rule
1623 Pascaline
1694 Stepped Reckoner
1801 Punch Card System
Year Invention
1822 Difference Engine
Analytical Engine
Hollerith’s Tabulator
1944 Mark 1 Computer
1933 ABC Computer
1944 COLOSSUS
1946 ENIAC
1946 EDVAC

3. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

4. COMPUTER SYSTEM
• Computer system include
input devices , Storage and
output devices and
processing devices.
• It should have the ability to
receive user input, process
data, and with the processed
data, create information for
storage and/or output.

5. HARDWARE
• Hardware includes all tangible( Physical, Touchable) components of a
computer.
• Such as CPU(central processing unit), Monitor, Keyboard, sound car, graphic
card, speakers, motherboard, mouse, cd/dvd writer.
• There are two parts 3 parts of Hardware
Input Devices
Hardware
Storage Devices Output Devices

6. INPUT DEVICES
• E.g. : -
1) Keyboard
2) Mouse
Keyboard is and input device which enter letters and numbers
and other symbol and commands to the computer.
Most common layout is QWERTY
In common keybord there are 82 to 108 keys. Most Common
input device.
Mouse is small hand-held pointing device.Mouse contains 2
or 3 buttons used input commands or information. Mouse can
be mechanical or optical based on technology it uses.
A Mouse left-right Click ,point, double click , drag and drop,
and paint.

7. 3) Joystick
Moves all directions and controls the movement
of the cursor it offers 3 types of control – digital, glide, and direct.
4) Scanner
A Scanner scans an image and transforms the
Image to ASCII codes. Scanners use light beam
to scans the input data.

8. 5) Pen Drive
Pen Drive is used transfer data from computer or to computer.
6) CD/DVD
Originally developed to play music and sound recordings . Later used to store
data.

9. OUTPUT DEVICES
1) Printers
Computer printer takes ink from a reservoir and spray in on paper in patterns
determined by computer. A printer prints information and data from computer
onto a paper can be textual and graphical information.

10. 2) Monitor
Computer Monitor is a output device which displays information from computer in
pictorial form.

11. 3) Headphones and Headsets
It has components inside that converts electronic signal to sound.
Headphones lets a user to listen to music, sounds privately wearing them
on ears.

12. STORAGE DEVICES
1. Hard Disk
Storage devices can be internal or external to
computer which are used to store data in
computer.
Data can be store temporally or permanently.
Storage devices are computer hardware also
know as storage media, storage medium
Hard disk is a electromechanical data storage that
uses magnetic storage to store and receive data on
platters using a actuator arm.

13. 2) ROM
Read Only Memory is a non volatile memory used in
electronic devices. Its data can be only changed
very slowly or not at all.
Special software are tied to the hardware in design
and development which can’t be changed,
3) RAM
Read Access Memory store data and machine code that
currently used by computer in process for very short amount of
time