Introduction to cctv_installation_course

Cube Introduction to CCTV (Closed Circuit
Television)
By
Ferdinand Joseph
www.cctvdvrsystem.co.uk

Introduction to CCTV
• History
– Closed Circuit Television is a closed network of
security surveillance systems.
– The first CCTV system was used by Nazi Germany
to observe V-2 rockets in 1942. This system was
not recording and it was only used for monitoring.
– In 1968, Olean, New York was the first city to use
CCTV in an effort to fight crime.

• CCTV is used in various applications.
– Crime prevention.
– Industrial processes.
– Traffic monitoring.
– Transport safety.
– Sporting events.
– Monitoring employees.
– Use in schools
– Criminal use

• What are the basic components of a CCTV
system?
– Below are some of the components of a CCTV
system.
• Cameras
• Recorders
• Display
• Cables

system?
– Cameras
• The camera is the main component of a security
surveillance system. The security cameras are
manufactured to work continuously day and night.
• CCTV cameras come in different shapes and types. It is
hard to classify them into different categories.

system?
– Cameras
• By using video signal types, you can classify CCTV
cameras into two main categories.
– Analogue
– Digital

system?
– Analogue CCTV camera
• The cameras that transmit video signals in the form of
analogue signals are known as analogue cameras.
• Analogue cameras use either NTSC (National Television
System Committee) or PAL (Phase Alternating Line).
• Analogue signals are limited to 0.3 megapixels.

system?
– Analogue CCTV camera
• Analogue cameras can use coaxial or UTP (Universally
Twisted Pairs) to transmit video signals.
• Video signals are stored in a digital video recorder.
• Analogue cameras are fitted with CCD (charge-coupled
device) or CMOS (complementary metal oxide
semiconductor) sensors.

system?
– Digital CCTV camera
• Digital cameras are also known as IP cameras.
• IP or Internet Protocol cameras are capable of
transmitting video in the form of data.
• IP cameras are like mini digital video recorders.
• IP cameras are normally connected to a NVR (Network
video recorder)

system?
– Digital CCTV camera
• The first IP camera was made by Axis in 1996.
• IP cameras send and receive data via a computer
network.
• Some IP cameras have inbuilt storage, video footage
can be stored using an SD card.

• What are the differences between IP and
Analogue cameras?
• The primary difference between IP and analogue
cameras is the way the video signals are transmitted.
• Analogue signals can vary in frequency, amplitude, or
both.
• Digital signals travel as data in binary form.
• IP cameras encode the signals before transmission.
• Analogue cameras transmit signals to a recorder and
the recorder encodes the signals.

Analogue cameras?
• IP cameras give better resolution. There are IP cameras
which can deliver 5K resolution.
• Most analogue cameras are capable of delivering 700
TVL (Television lines). However, after being encoded by
a digital video recorder, analogue cameras can only
provide D1 resolution.

Analogue cameras?
• D1 resolution which is 720x480 pixels (NTSC)
or 720x576 pixels (PAL). The maximum pixels from a D1
resolution is 414,720 pixels or 0.4 megapixels.
• On the other hand, IP cameras are capable of giving a
fantastic resolution.
• A standard IP camera with 1.0 megapixel gives
1280x720 pixels or 921,600 pixels.
• (Axis’ highest camera resolution is 5.2 megapixels
2560x2048)

Analogue cameras?
• VGA resolution
– VGA (Video Graphic Array) is the resolution of PCs, this was
developed by IBM. Despite the fact a high resolution camera is
installed, if a computer monitor is used to display those
images, the maximum resolution that your monitor gives is
640x480 which is 0.3 megapixels.
– This is why megapixel cameras are better off connecting to a
TV or CCTV monitors.
– If you connect a 1.0 megapixel camera to a display, ideally you
will require at least half HD or 720p TV (1280x720)

Analogue cameras?
• CCTV camera resolution
– In the real world, you will still see a difference in analogue
cameras and full HD IP cameras, even you have only used a
standard PC monitor.

• CCTV Lens
• What is the use of a lens in a CCTV camera?
– A security camera lens determines the viewing area.
– The field of view should be established, and the height and
width of the scene should be decided.
– The image you get from the camera is the proportion of the
camera’s sensor, you can only take height or width.
– For example, let’s say you want to see a person from a
distance of 10 metres.

• CCTV Lens
• What is the use of a lens in a CCTV camera?
– First of all you need to establish the required scene height or
width, also known as field of view.
– In this case, it will be more appropriate to use height.
– A man is roughly 6 feet tall, therefore you can use 2m as the
height.
– The width of the scene will determine the proportion of the
lens used.

• CCTV Lens
• CCTV lens calculation formula
Focal Point mm = Chipset width or height x distance / Required scene width
or height
Example 1 : Man’s height = 2m, distance = 10m, sensor
side 1/3”
Sensor size in mm = 1/3” Height = 3.2mm, Width =
4.8mm

• CCTV Lens
Distance = 10 m
Height = 2m

• CCTV Lens

• CCTV Lens
¼” 1/3” ½”
1”2.4”
3.2”
3.2”
4.8”
4.8”
6.4”
9.6”
12.8”

• CCTV Lens
Distance = 10 m
Height = 2m
1/3” CCD
Focal point (mm) = 3.2 x 10
2
= 16 mm

• CCTV Lens
• By using CCTV lenses, CCTV cameras can be classified
into four different categories.
– Pre-fixed lens cameras
» These types of cameras have a lens inbuilt into them.
– Varifocal lens
» Varifocal cameras come with the variance in lens size.
» E.g. 2.8 mm - 12.00 mm
– Box cameras
» Box cameras are fully customisable, different sizes of
lenses can be fixed to a box camera.

• CCTV Lens
• By using CCTV lenses, CCTV cameras can be classified
into four different categories.
– PTZ
» Pan – tilt – zoom camera is fitted with a motor to control
pan, tilt and zoom.

• High Definition Camera
• High definition cameras send HD video signals through
a coaxial cable.
• The first high definition camera was introduced by Sony
HD-SDI (High definition serial digital interface).
• There are four types of high definition cameras
available on the market.
– HD-SDI (High definition serial digital interface)
– HD-TVI (High definition transport video interface)
– HD-CVI (High definition composite video interface)
– AHD (Analogue high definition)

• Advantages of a high definition camera
– HD video signals through coaxial cable
– No network knowledge required
» As HD cameras use coaxial cables and the installation is
no different from a conventional analogue system, there
is no need to train the existing engineers or acquire
additional expertise.
– Cost effective solution
» As there is no need to change the cable, it is cost effective
to upgrade a conventional analogue system to HD.
» As it requires fewer labour hours, it is possible to achieve
significant savings.

• Advantages of a high definition camera
– Video and data can be transmitted through the same cable
» By coaxial cable, you can send video and data.
– Long cable run
» High definition cameras can transmit full colour video
signals up to 500m through coaxial cable.
– HD cameras are less expensive than IP cameras
» HD cameras are far less expensive than IP cameras, but
they also give high definition video signals.

• Question time
• What are the basic components of a CCTV system?
• What is the maximum recording resolution an analogue
camera can produce?
• What is VGA?
• What is CCD?
• What is a high definition camera?

• CCTV tools
• There many tools used in CCTV installation and the
most common ones are:
– CCTV wire stripper
» An RG59 wire stripper is used to strip RG59 or coaxial
cable.
– Side cutter
» General tool used in crimping BNC connectors.
– CCTV tester
» This tester is used to test CCTV cameras, cables, batteries
and networks.
– Cable tracer
» To trace cables
– CCTV crimp
» This device is used to crimp BNC connectors

• CCTV tools
• Other common types of tools used in CCTV installation.
– Screwdrivers
– Power handheld drills
– Hammer drills
– PPE kit
– Ladder(s)
CCTV engineers should know basic health and safety. It is
advisable that CCTV engineers do at least a level 2 Health &
Safety course and basic understanding of electrical.

• Electrical and CCTV Installation
• Electrical
– It is essential to understand how electric works in CCTV
installation. By understanding basic electric the following can
be achieved:
» Running cable correctly, compliant with IEE wiring
regulation.
» Calculating voltage drop
» Deciding the cable size
» Calculating the total power required
» Calculating total backup power
» Health and safety

• Ohm’s law
– Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor
between two points is directly proportional to the voltage
across the two points. It also states that the R in this relation
is constant, independent of the current.
– V = IR
» V= voltage
» I = current
» R = resistance

• Current
– The electrical charge created by moving electrons.
• Resistance
– How a medium can reduce the electric current, and it is
measured in Ohms.
• Voltage
– Voltage is the potential difference in energy needed for the
current to flow via a conductor.

End
For more details, please visit our website
Award in CCTV Installation – Level 3
Accredited by
NCFE
UK Governing Body

Introduction to cctv_installation_course

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Introduction to cctv_installation_course

Similar to Introduction to cctv_installation_course (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Introduction to cctv_installation_course