CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) is used to transmit video signals to specific locations to aid in security and crime prevention, with significant crime reduction reported in areas with installed systems. The document outlines different types of cameras, their applications, and the components of CCTV systems, including analog and IP systems, as well as various lens types. While initial costs can be a barrier, advancements in technology have made these systems more affordable and effective in deterring crime.

1. CCTV
(CLOSED CIRCUIT
TELEVISION)
Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to
transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of
monitors. It differs from broadcast television in that the
signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point
to point (P2P), point to multipoint, or mesh wireless links.

2. Why Use CCTV
 CCTV should not be perceived as a magic wand for preventing crime - it is just another crime
prevention tool from a long list available to a business. There are many reasons why CCTV is the most cost
effective security solution. In our experience we have found that most businesses suffer from the same few
security problems.
-.
Industrial
Safety
Premises Monitoring Theft
Shop Lifting Monitoring of high secured Zone
Monitoring Public Areas
Worker Management
Staff Conflict Staff Protection
Car Park Security Deterrence Etc ……

3. Why Use CCTV
 Statistics point to major reductions in the amount of crime being committed where there are cameras installed. An
article in 'New Scientist' magazine showed that simply installing a system can reduce crime, in the areas covered,
by over 95%.
 Generally, once a Camera system is installed, it will only be fools who attempt to perpetrate offences within its
field of view. These are often caught but for the majority it will provide a very high level of deterrence. A
professionally installed camera system can reduce shoplifting by up to 90%.
 Most people considering the installation of a CCTV system have the main objective of trying to prevent crime
 A properly installed and managed CCTV system can dramatically reduce crime levels. Drops as high as 90% have
been recorded where a highly visible CCTV system has been installed in certain locations, i.e. in shopping centers
and car parks
 In small to medium-sized businesses, CCTV cameras acts as a deterrent. However, the initial cost and complexity of
good quality systems have been barriers for many businesses. The cost of equipment has fallen steadily over the
years. Today, good quality systems can be much cheaper and still provide exceptional operational simplicity

4. Components of CCTV System
 Analog System
 Camera
 DVR
 Hard Disk for recording
 Wiring – for Video - Coaxial or CAT 5(with video balun)
 Wiring – for power (not required iv video balun is used)
 Power Supply
 Connector – BNC or RJ45 (in case of video balun)

5. Components of CCTV System
 IP System
 Camera
 NVR with video analytics
 Hard Disk raid enable.
 Wiring – for Video – CAT 5/CAT 5E / CAT6
 Wiring – for power
 Power Supply not required if POE switch used
 Switch / POE switch in case of POE used
 Connector – RJ45

6. System Consideration
Environment
&
Requirement
Recording System
Camera Selection
Network Topology
Recording Software
Storage

7. Camera Selection
Outdoor
vs. Indoor
Day and
Night
Surveillanc
e
Lens
Selection
Camera
Form
Factor
Video
Codec
Motion
detection
POE (only
for IP) /
Power
source
Wireless Viewing

8. Outdoor Indoor
Enclosure + Indoor Camera
Weather proof
Vandal proof
Heater
Vandal proof

9. Camera Selection
Day Surveillance ?
Day and Night Surveillance?
Day & Night Camera
Removable
IR cut filter

10. Lens Selection
Lighting Condition
Auto-Iris WDR Fixed Iris
Outdoor
lighting
Challenging
lighting
Indoor
lighting

11. Video showing effect of WDR

12. Type of camera and their Use
 Dome Camera
Dome cameras typically are best choices whenever possible
 When the camera is within someone’s reach domes cannot be easily manipulated or
vandalized
 Domes Installs easy in drop ceilings – usually 2 screws
 Since a dome has a covered lens the direction the camera is pointing is hidden
 Dome can accommodate infra-red for night vision
 Dome are not always weather proof camera so these are not suited for outside
peripherals.
 As the dome camera themselves are typically small the lens size are limited, Although
some dome camera comes with vari-focal lens but the size are limited

13. Type of camera and their Use
 Box Camera
Box camera are to be considered when
 When mounting to a wall or any vertical area
 When viewing distance where a long lens is required which would not fit inside a dome
or bullet camera
 When extreme low light (moon light, or a very far street light) are not a consideration
 Box camera comes with WDR and Day Night technology
 Can incorporate various lens like Auto IRIS, Manual IRIS and Fixed IRIS etc.
 Requires a housing for weather proofing and vandal proofing
 When considering this camera accessories like lens, housing, stand etc are to be
considered

14. Type of camera and their Use
 Infra Red or IR Bullet Camera
IR Bullet camera are to be considered when
 When the lights are extremely low or pitch dark
 When the camera are not within someone reach
 The distance infra red can see are based upon its illumination capacity. Infra red camera
have LED which cast out into darkness.
 The biggest disadvantage of Infra red led do have a limited life and led burns out in
some time.
 When ever a infra red led is illuminated it turns the picture to black and white hence
reducing the ability of recognition.
 These came have an advantage of in build IP 66 rated housing and comes with stand.

15. How Infra red camera effects night Image

16. Type of camera and their Use
 Pan Tilt & Zoom or PTZ camera
PTZ camera are to be considered when
 Best suited for patrol duty and open area application – Like border, Airport, Parking lot
etc.
 When we want live control of the camera and adjusting the manual pan, tilt or zoom on
a fixed camera is not practical
 When a tour of the premises is required.
 When several angle is required to be viewed from a single camera
 The cost of a PTZ camera can varies 5-10 times of a fixed camera
 PTZ camera cannot see or record area where it is not looking.

17. Demo Video for PTZ Camera

18. Demo Video for PTZ Camera

19. Lens Comparison
To better understand let us first look at this photograph

20. Lens Comparison
To better understand let us first look at this photograph

21. Lens Comparison

22. Type of Lens
There are 2 types of
lenses:
 Fixed
 Varifocal

23. Fixed Lens
 Fixed lens are those lenses Where lens size doesn’t change, all we can do is focus, we cant zoom in or zoom out
 Common sizes are
 12mm
 08mm
 06mm
 04mm
 3.6mm
 2.8mm

24. Varifocal Lens
 In Varifocal lens size can be changed during the installation process & Zoom in and Zoom out is possible
 Common Sizes available are
 2.5mm~8mm
 3.0mm~12mm
 5.0mm~50mm
Focal length can be adjusted by 3 methods:
* Manual (No Cable)
To be used only indoors and where the lighting condition is always the same
* Auto Iris (With a Cable)
Adjusts automatically to allow more or less light to be received by the CCD Chip in the Camera
Motor Zoom (With cable and & telemetry receiver is needed)
To be found mostly with Pant and Tilt systems, The zoom & Focus can be manually controlled

25. How Camera Works

26. IP and Analog Pros and Cons
To better understand let us view some video which can
differentiate between IP and analog video technology

30. IP and Analog Pros and Cons
IP Camera Analog Camera
Video Quality Better as Megapixel TVL lines / Interlace
Play Back zoom Megapixel no issue will pixilate
Cable Infrastructure Can Use existing networking cable Legacy cabling
Cable Distance
Need switch if distance more than 80 meter 80 meter of standard coaxial
for longer OFC is recommended 150 meter on RG 6
till 3000 meter using video balun
Video Transmission Requires a good amount of bandwidth No network issue
Fault tolerance in case of network failure the whole system can go down Limited to failure of individual component
Security Data Encrypted at camera so threat minimum Data Encryption done at DVR so less secure system
Maintenance Required Skilled IT Staff Any body can Manage
No of camera
Less compared to Analog as more compared to IP
Megapixel camera have more FOV
See video
Wireless Very easily compatible but bandwidth is a issue Have to use convertor
Installation Required some skilled manpower Little to do network so anybody can do
Compatibility Compatibility of camera and NVR will require some research Any camera is compatible with DVR
Scalability Very easy only plug and play will require May require additional hardware
Cost about 5 times Analog about 1/5 cost of IP

31. Why number of camera will be lesser in IP as compared to
Analog
`
IP cameras are megapixel camera and hence can give a broader and
panoramic view which 3 analog camera combine cannot provide.
Some camera manufacturer have manufacture special IP camera which
can give a 360 degree view
The following two videos will be self explainable

32. Using a IP camera can reduce several analog camera
`

33. Fish Eye Camera
`

34. Wiring Types
Given below are the various type of wiring possible in
IP and Analog Technology

35. Wiring Types

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