Accounting provides quantitative financial information to help with economic decision making. It has evolved over thousands of years, with early records found in ancient Mesopotamia and development in the Roman Empire. A key event was the dissemination of double-entry bookkeeping in 14th century Italy by Luca Pacioli. Modern accounting principles and standards have been established since then. There are three main types of businesses - service companies which provide intangible products/services, merchandising companies which buy and resell tangible goods, and manufacturing companies which convert materials into finished products. Each has different operating cycles and considerations for inventory, costs, and revenues.
Introduction to accounting (FABM 1 for Senior High Students)Lucy Blanco
Accounting provides quantitative financial information to help with economic decision making. It has evolved over thousands of years, with early records found in ancient Mesopotamia and more developed double entry bookkeeping emerging in 14th century Italy. There are three main types of businesses - service companies which provide intangible services, merchandising companies which buy and resell goods, and manufacturing companies which convert materials into finished products. Each has different operating cycles and considerations for managing inventory, conversion costs, quality control and human capital.
Accounting is the process of documenting a company's financial transactions. Accounting entails summarizing, evaluating, and reporting these transactions to oversight organizations, regulators, and tax collecting agencies.
Communication is an exchange of ideas or feelings between two or more people using words, verbal cues, nonverbal gestures, and symbols. The communication process involves a sender transmitting a message to a receiver, who then provides feedback. Effective communication requires the message to be clearly understood by the receiver. Breakdowns can occur due to cultural differences, inconsistencies between verbal and nonverbal cues, or lack of feedback from the receiver. The lesson teaches the definition of communication, the communication process, and potential causes of communication breakdowns.
This document discusses three social sciences: anthropology, sociology, and political science. Anthropology is defined as the systematic study of human biological, cultural, and social aspects and includes fields like social anthropology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, biological anthropology, and archaeology. Sociology is described as the study of human social life, groups, and society. Political science is presented as the systematic study of politics, focusing on values of equality, freedom, and justice as well as conflict, cooperation, and decision-making processes within government.
This course deals with the basic principles of applied economics and how they relate to issues facing Filipino entrepreneurs. It analyzes industries to identify business opportunities and requires students to prepare a socioeconomic impact study of a business venture. The document is a presentation on applied economics that defines economics, explores key concepts like scarcity and opportunity cost, and discusses how economic principles relate to challenges in the Philippines economy like unemployment and poverty. It aims to equip students with tools to evaluate economic policies and decisions.
This lesson talks about the introduction of accounting. This is only intended for educational purposes. This is for ABM students.
Disclaimer: I do not own the pictures used even the definitions.
This document discusses branding and brand names. It defines a brand name as the name given to a product or service by its entrepreneur or founder. An ideal brand name should be short, simple, easy to spell, pronounce and remember, have only one pronunciation, indicate the product's benefits, and adapt well to packaging. The document also outlines different branding strategies such as umbrella branding, house branding, branding extension, line extension, and product extension. It provides examples of core principles from Jollibee and the evolution of the McDonald's logo.
Introduction to accounting (FABM 1 for Senior High Students)Lucy Blanco
Accounting provides quantitative financial information to help with economic decision making. It has evolved over thousands of years, with early records found in ancient Mesopotamia and more developed double entry bookkeeping emerging in 14th century Italy. There are three main types of businesses - service companies which provide intangible services, merchandising companies which buy and resell goods, and manufacturing companies which convert materials into finished products. Each has different operating cycles and considerations for managing inventory, conversion costs, quality control and human capital.
Accounting is the process of documenting a company's financial transactions. Accounting entails summarizing, evaluating, and reporting these transactions to oversight organizations, regulators, and tax collecting agencies.
Communication is an exchange of ideas or feelings between two or more people using words, verbal cues, nonverbal gestures, and symbols. The communication process involves a sender transmitting a message to a receiver, who then provides feedback. Effective communication requires the message to be clearly understood by the receiver. Breakdowns can occur due to cultural differences, inconsistencies between verbal and nonverbal cues, or lack of feedback from the receiver. The lesson teaches the definition of communication, the communication process, and potential causes of communication breakdowns.
This document discusses three social sciences: anthropology, sociology, and political science. Anthropology is defined as the systematic study of human biological, cultural, and social aspects and includes fields like social anthropology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, biological anthropology, and archaeology. Sociology is described as the study of human social life, groups, and society. Political science is presented as the systematic study of politics, focusing on values of equality, freedom, and justice as well as conflict, cooperation, and decision-making processes within government.
This course deals with the basic principles of applied economics and how they relate to issues facing Filipino entrepreneurs. It analyzes industries to identify business opportunities and requires students to prepare a socioeconomic impact study of a business venture. The document is a presentation on applied economics that defines economics, explores key concepts like scarcity and opportunity cost, and discusses how economic principles relate to challenges in the Philippines economy like unemployment and poverty. It aims to equip students with tools to evaluate economic policies and decisions.
This lesson talks about the introduction of accounting. This is only intended for educational purposes. This is for ABM students.
Disclaimer: I do not own the pictures used even the definitions.
This document discusses branding and brand names. It defines a brand name as the name given to a product or service by its entrepreneur or founder. An ideal brand name should be short, simple, easy to spell, pronounce and remember, have only one pronunciation, indicate the product's benefits, and adapt well to packaging. The document also outlines different branding strategies such as umbrella branding, house branding, branding extension, line extension, and product extension. It provides examples of core principles from Jollibee and the evolution of the McDonald's logo.
This document provides information about the Statement of Comprehensive Income (SCI), including its purpose, components, and how to prepare it. It defines the SCI as a financial statement that reports the results of a company's operations for an accounting period. The key elements discussed are revenues, expenses, and net income. It also explains the differences between revenues and gains, and expenses and losses. Specific accounts like sales, cost of goods sold, bad debts expense, and other income/expenses are described.
Fundamentals of abm2 statement of comprehensive income abm specialized subjectGian Paulo Rabanal, LPT
Fundamentals of ABM2
based on the book Fundamentals of ABM 2 by D. R. C. Salazar, CPA
Learning Competencies Covered:
ABM_FABM12-Ic-d5
ABM_FABM12-Ic-d6
ABM_FABM12-Ic-d7
This document discusses elements of Filipino poetry including its history, form, and sensory techniques. Filipino poetry from the 1900s celebrated romanticism and focused more on formal elements like language over theme. It explores the senses poets employ - visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and auditory imagery - to create impressions for readers. Diction and rhyme scheme are also discussed as important poetic elements involving word choice, meaning, and structured sound patterns. Examples are given of different types of sensory imagery in poetry.
Concept, Characteristics and forms of Stratification (1).pptxCeliselDLeron
This document discusses social stratification systems. It defines social stratification as the hierarchical arrangement that categorizes individuals into social classes based on factors like wealth, power, and prestige. It notes that stratification is universal but varies between societies. Key characteristics of stratification systems discussed are that they persist across generations through concepts of social mobility, are influenced by a society's beliefs, and can be open or closed depending on opportunities for social class advancement. The document also presents functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionism perspectives on social stratification.
This document contains a lesson on understanding culture, society, and politics with the following key points:
1. It discusses concepts like culture, society, and politics as conceptual tools to analyze social behavior and interactions. Students are seen as social actors.
2. Factors that account for social differences, cultural variations, and political identities are examined. Examples of phenomena in the Philippines are provided like "istambay" and political dynasties.
3. The role of values and beliefs in motivating behavior is explored. Concepts allow the discovery of new aspects of phenomena to better understand complex social realities.
The document provides an introduction to books of accounts used in accounting. It discusses the general journal as the book of original entry where transactions are initially recorded. It also discusses special journals like the cash receipts journal, cash disbursements journal, sales journal and purchase journal that are used to record specific recurring transactions. The journalizing process of entering debit and credit entries for each transaction in the general journal is also explained along with examples.
The document discusses accounting journals and ledgers. It explains that journals are used to initially record transactions in chronological order, while ledgers provide a complete record of financial transactions over the life of a company. It also distinguishes between general ledgers, which provide a summary of all financial transactions, and subsidiary ledgers, which store specific transaction types to avoid cluttering the general ledger. Finally, it emphasizes that every transaction in a subsidiary ledger is periodically summarized and posted to a corresponding general ledger account.
Lesson 5 Contemporary Economic Issues Affecting The Filipino Entrepreneur.pptxHeronLacanlale1
This document discusses contemporary economic issues affecting Filipino entrepreneurs. It defines what an entrepreneur is and how entrepreneurship works, involving creating a business plan, acquiring resources, and providing leadership. It then discusses specific issues like investment and interest rates, rentals, minimum wage, and taxes that impact Filipino business owners. High interest rates and rents, rising minimum wage, and high taxes can all decrease opportunities for entrepreneurs by increasing costs, while low rates and tax breaks can foster more investment and business startups. The document provides background on these economic factors and their effects on Filipino entrepreneurs and small businesses.
The document discusses the evolution of management theories from the Industrial Revolution to modern times, outlining important contributors like Henry Fayol and their principles of management. It also defines what management is, the roles and responsibilities of managers at different levels, and important concepts like competencies, values, and models of management. The GEMS management wheel is presented as a framework for goal setting, execution, measurement, and sustaining growth.
This document outlines key principles of effective speech delivery: 1) Articulation is pronouncing words clearly so the speaker's message is transmitted effectively. 2) Modulation is adjusting vocal tone and resonance. 3) Stage presence is owning the stage through filling the space and projecting personality to engage the audience. 4) Facial expressions, gestures, and movements help emphasize points, express emotion, engage the audience, and prevent monotony while building rapport.
The Spanish colonization of the Philippines had three main aims: spreading Catholicism, acquiring wealth through gold and trade, and increasing Spain's glory by building its empire. To govern its colonies, Spain established the Laws of the Indies, which imposed taxes on indigenous peoples and established systems of forced labor. The Spanish built churches, established religious orders, and introduced education to convert Filipinos to Christianity. They developed a political system headed by a Governor-General and including local governors. Overall, the Spanish colonial system aimed to assert control over the Philippines through religious, economic and political domination of indigenous peoples.
This document outlines an agenda for a lecture on understanding culture, society and politics related to health. It includes group activities with criteria for presentations on interpreting pictures, matching health systems to descriptions, creating a human tableau to explain cultural terms, and presenting on alternative vs. western medicine in Filipino culture. It also covers sociological perspectives on how culture influences health, constitutional provisions on health in the Philippines, and assigns research on medicinal herbs for a pamphlet. The overall document provides an itinerary and instructions for a workshop exploring various cultural, social and political aspects of health.
1. The document discusses several theories on the origin of language:
2. The biblical theory suggests language originated from the Tower of Babel story in the Old Testament, where God confounded human language.
3. Other theories propose language developed from the imitation of natural sounds like animal noises (Bow-wow theory) or everyday objects (Ding-dong theory), or from gestures and rituals (Ta-ra-ra-boom-de-ay theory).
4. The document also mentions that in the Philippines, distinct dialects developed as ancient Filipinos spread across the islands, evolving from an original Austronesian language. However, the exact origin of language remains uncertain.
This slide is all about Introduction to Accounting. Nature of Accounting, History or Origin of Accounting. This is for ABM (Accountancy, Business and Management) Students, or Students who are taking up business and accounting program. Accounting is a service activity to provide quantitative information, primarily financial in nature, about economic entities that is intended to be useful in making economic decisions. Fra Luca Pacioli is acknowledge as the father of modern accounting because of this. His “Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita” ( Everything about Arithmetic, Geometry and Proportion) is the first book printed with a treatise in bookkeeping. Bulla (plural Bullae) found in Mesopotamia. Experts consider this stage of record keeping the beginning of the art of writing. The original bulla was a lump of clay molded around a cord and stamped with a seal. Once the clay has dried, the container (such as a vase or money bag) cannot be violated without visible damage to the bulla, thereby ensuring the contents remain tamper-proof until they reach their destination.
Meaning of accounting: It is not possible for human beings to remember all events which occur at different times and at different places. But for solving day-to-day financial problems, knowledge of past and present economic activities become necessary. In other words, whenever any transaction involves any monetary dealings, 'counting'.The term accounting' has originated from the concept of 'counting'.The need of communicating information and presenting a clear picture of the financial transactions led to the emergence of Accounting.
This document provides information about the Statement of Comprehensive Income (SCI), including its purpose, components, and how to prepare it. It defines the SCI as a financial statement that reports the results of a company's operations for an accounting period. The key elements discussed are revenues, expenses, and net income. It also explains the differences between revenues and gains, and expenses and losses. Specific accounts like sales, cost of goods sold, bad debts expense, and other income/expenses are described.
Fundamentals of abm2 statement of comprehensive income abm specialized subjectGian Paulo Rabanal, LPT
Fundamentals of ABM2
based on the book Fundamentals of ABM 2 by D. R. C. Salazar, CPA
Learning Competencies Covered:
ABM_FABM12-Ic-d5
ABM_FABM12-Ic-d6
ABM_FABM12-Ic-d7
This document discusses elements of Filipino poetry including its history, form, and sensory techniques. Filipino poetry from the 1900s celebrated romanticism and focused more on formal elements like language over theme. It explores the senses poets employ - visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, and auditory imagery - to create impressions for readers. Diction and rhyme scheme are also discussed as important poetic elements involving word choice, meaning, and structured sound patterns. Examples are given of different types of sensory imagery in poetry.
Concept, Characteristics and forms of Stratification (1).pptxCeliselDLeron
This document discusses social stratification systems. It defines social stratification as the hierarchical arrangement that categorizes individuals into social classes based on factors like wealth, power, and prestige. It notes that stratification is universal but varies between societies. Key characteristics of stratification systems discussed are that they persist across generations through concepts of social mobility, are influenced by a society's beliefs, and can be open or closed depending on opportunities for social class advancement. The document also presents functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionism perspectives on social stratification.
This document contains a lesson on understanding culture, society, and politics with the following key points:
1. It discusses concepts like culture, society, and politics as conceptual tools to analyze social behavior and interactions. Students are seen as social actors.
2. Factors that account for social differences, cultural variations, and political identities are examined. Examples of phenomena in the Philippines are provided like "istambay" and political dynasties.
3. The role of values and beliefs in motivating behavior is explored. Concepts allow the discovery of new aspects of phenomena to better understand complex social realities.
The document provides an introduction to books of accounts used in accounting. It discusses the general journal as the book of original entry where transactions are initially recorded. It also discusses special journals like the cash receipts journal, cash disbursements journal, sales journal and purchase journal that are used to record specific recurring transactions. The journalizing process of entering debit and credit entries for each transaction in the general journal is also explained along with examples.
The document discusses accounting journals and ledgers. It explains that journals are used to initially record transactions in chronological order, while ledgers provide a complete record of financial transactions over the life of a company. It also distinguishes between general ledgers, which provide a summary of all financial transactions, and subsidiary ledgers, which store specific transaction types to avoid cluttering the general ledger. Finally, it emphasizes that every transaction in a subsidiary ledger is periodically summarized and posted to a corresponding general ledger account.
Lesson 5 Contemporary Economic Issues Affecting The Filipino Entrepreneur.pptxHeronLacanlale1
This document discusses contemporary economic issues affecting Filipino entrepreneurs. It defines what an entrepreneur is and how entrepreneurship works, involving creating a business plan, acquiring resources, and providing leadership. It then discusses specific issues like investment and interest rates, rentals, minimum wage, and taxes that impact Filipino business owners. High interest rates and rents, rising minimum wage, and high taxes can all decrease opportunities for entrepreneurs by increasing costs, while low rates and tax breaks can foster more investment and business startups. The document provides background on these economic factors and their effects on Filipino entrepreneurs and small businesses.
The document discusses the evolution of management theories from the Industrial Revolution to modern times, outlining important contributors like Henry Fayol and their principles of management. It also defines what management is, the roles and responsibilities of managers at different levels, and important concepts like competencies, values, and models of management. The GEMS management wheel is presented as a framework for goal setting, execution, measurement, and sustaining growth.
This document outlines key principles of effective speech delivery: 1) Articulation is pronouncing words clearly so the speaker's message is transmitted effectively. 2) Modulation is adjusting vocal tone and resonance. 3) Stage presence is owning the stage through filling the space and projecting personality to engage the audience. 4) Facial expressions, gestures, and movements help emphasize points, express emotion, engage the audience, and prevent monotony while building rapport.
The Spanish colonization of the Philippines had three main aims: spreading Catholicism, acquiring wealth through gold and trade, and increasing Spain's glory by building its empire. To govern its colonies, Spain established the Laws of the Indies, which imposed taxes on indigenous peoples and established systems of forced labor. The Spanish built churches, established religious orders, and introduced education to convert Filipinos to Christianity. They developed a political system headed by a Governor-General and including local governors. Overall, the Spanish colonial system aimed to assert control over the Philippines through religious, economic and political domination of indigenous peoples.
This document outlines an agenda for a lecture on understanding culture, society and politics related to health. It includes group activities with criteria for presentations on interpreting pictures, matching health systems to descriptions, creating a human tableau to explain cultural terms, and presenting on alternative vs. western medicine in Filipino culture. It also covers sociological perspectives on how culture influences health, constitutional provisions on health in the Philippines, and assigns research on medicinal herbs for a pamphlet. The overall document provides an itinerary and instructions for a workshop exploring various cultural, social and political aspects of health.
1. The document discusses several theories on the origin of language:
2. The biblical theory suggests language originated from the Tower of Babel story in the Old Testament, where God confounded human language.
3. Other theories propose language developed from the imitation of natural sounds like animal noises (Bow-wow theory) or everyday objects (Ding-dong theory), or from gestures and rituals (Ta-ra-ra-boom-de-ay theory).
4. The document also mentions that in the Philippines, distinct dialects developed as ancient Filipinos spread across the islands, evolving from an original Austronesian language. However, the exact origin of language remains uncertain.
This slide is all about Introduction to Accounting. Nature of Accounting, History or Origin of Accounting. This is for ABM (Accountancy, Business and Management) Students, or Students who are taking up business and accounting program. Accounting is a service activity to provide quantitative information, primarily financial in nature, about economic entities that is intended to be useful in making economic decisions. Fra Luca Pacioli is acknowledge as the father of modern accounting because of this. His “Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita” ( Everything about Arithmetic, Geometry and Proportion) is the first book printed with a treatise in bookkeeping. Bulla (plural Bullae) found in Mesopotamia. Experts consider this stage of record keeping the beginning of the art of writing. The original bulla was a lump of clay molded around a cord and stamped with a seal. Once the clay has dried, the container (such as a vase or money bag) cannot be violated without visible damage to the bulla, thereby ensuring the contents remain tamper-proof until they reach their destination.
Meaning of accounting: It is not possible for human beings to remember all events which occur at different times and at different places. But for solving day-to-day financial problems, knowledge of past and present economic activities become necessary. In other words, whenever any transaction involves any monetary dealings, 'counting'.The term accounting' has originated from the concept of 'counting'.The need of communicating information and presenting a clear picture of the financial transactions led to the emergence of Accounting.
This document discusses the origins and historical development of accounting in Colombia from the time of the Spanish conquest. It argues that to understand modern accounting, one must go back to its earliest roots in how primitive humans recorded basic economic information. As different modes of production developed throughout human history, accounting also evolved, first as a means of trade and later as a scientific discipline. The document aims to determine the specific historical and social factors that led to the emergence of accounting in Colombia, by analyzing its development in relation to the country's socioeconomic changes since the conquest.
This document provides a history of accounting from ancient times through the modern age. It describes the early development of accounting in Mesopotamia in 3500 BC, and then discusses accounting practices in ancient Egypt, China, Greece, and Rome. Medieval accounting is discussed next, followed by the birth of double-entry bookkeeping during the Italian Renaissance. Luca Pacioli and his 1494 publication "Summa" which documented the system are also summarized. The document then discusses the further development and global spread of accounting and the accounting profession over subsequent centuries.
An Essay On Accounting History Bookkeeping In The Middle AgesKristen Carter
This document provides an overview of bookkeeping practices during the Middle Ages from 1200-1500 CE. It discusses how bookkeeping emerged during this period due to growing commerce, capital, and credit. Evidence shows the double-entry system originating in Italian city-states between 1250-1350 CE, prior to Luca Pacioli's writing on it in 1494. Accounting historians have found records from 1157 Genoa demonstrating basic partnership accounting. The growth of trade was spurred by increased population and security between manors, leading to the rise of towns and institutions like fairs to facilitate commerce. Bookkeeping advanced significantly in the 14th-15th centuries, with the double-entry system used predominantly by Italian merchants
The document provides an overview of accounting concepts including inputs, outputs, and uses of accounting information. It discusses the key inputs to accounting which include journal entries, the bookkeeping process, and the general ledger. It also outlines the main outputs of accounting which are financial statements, specifically the balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows, and statement of shareholders' equity. These statements detail the financial activities and position of a business or entity.
introduction of Accounting- history Accounting- Meaning of Accounting Definition of Accounting - Indian Accounting History - Dr and Cr - basic Accounting
The document discusses ventilation strategies for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) based on a critique of two published papers. It outlines the purpose as critiquing related papers on ARDS ventilation strategies in intensive care. As an Advanced Critical Care Practitioner, the author works with patients experiencing respiratory failure and multi-organ failure following ventilation and lung injury. ARDS has been extensively studied since its introduction.
Accounting involves identifying, recording, and communicating economic events of a business to interested users. It identifies transactions, records them chronologically in journals and ledgers, and communicates information through financial reports. Accounting provides information to business owners and managers to assess profitability, calculate break-even points, determine if additional hiring is needed, evaluate expanding to new locations, and assess the ability to take on loans.
This document provides an introduction to accounting. It defines accounting as identifying, recording, and communicating the economic events of an organization. It discusses the nature of accounting as a systematic process, service activity, and information system dealing with financial transactions. The document outlines the functions of accounting in business, such as providing information for managers and allowing owners to assess business efficiency. It then provides a brief history of accounting from ancient civilizations to the modern development of standards and global commerce.
Accounting is the process of collecting and reporting financial information. It has evolved with the development of business and administration. Accounting helps make business activities more organized and provides useful information for decision making. There are several branches of accounting, including financial, cost, tax, audit, and managerial accounting. The accounting process involves systematizing, valuing, recording, evaluating, and communicating financial information. Accounting has become increasingly important in recent years as it provides useful data for important financial decisions in any entity.
Naim Wakil is one of the most well-known and intelligent chief accountants of the Angel Trust of Los Angeles, California. He has completed his master’s degree in Business Administration from the University of California and started his career working with a leading company 'Skyland finance Inc.' His keen interest in mathematics and detail-oriented aspect made him a successful accountant.
FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT 1.pptxRoseBantiyan
HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING Accounting started as a simple recording of repetitive exchanges. The history of accounting is often seen as indistinguishable from the history of finance and business. It has evolved in response to various social and economic needs of men over 5,000 years- its origins can be tracked back to the beginning of time.
This document provides an introduction to accounting. It defines accounting as identifying, recording, and communicating the economic events of an organization. It discusses the nature of accounting as a systematic process, service activity, and information system. It outlines the functions of accounting in business, such as providing information for managers and allowing performance comparisons. The document then reviews the history of accounting from ancient civilizations to the modern era, highlighting developments like double-entry bookkeeping and the establishment of professional accounting standards.
Key Words For WRITING Expressing Opinion, Comparing, GeneralizingJen Wilson
The document discusses key steps in requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net:
1. Create an account with a password and valid email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline, and attaching a sample for style imitation.
3. Review bids from writers based on qualifications, history, and feedback, then deposit funds to start the assignment.
4. Ensure the paper meets expectations, then authorize final payment. Free revisions are provided.
- Accounting originated over 5,500 years ago in ancient Iraq where clay ledgers were used to record crop and livestock transactions. The Code of Hammurabi established early fraud prevention protocols.
- Public audits of government accounts began in ancient Greece in 330 BC to ensure tax dollars were properly used. Early auditing procedures in places like Athens and Sparta sometimes included torture.
- The first public reporting of government expenditures occurred under Roman emperor Augustus, who published accounts on public buildings, though future emperors ceased this practice. Modern accounting techniques emerged in medieval Italy and were advanced through double-entry bookkeeping.
This document provides instructions for requesting and receiving help with an assignment from the website HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete an order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline, 3) Review bids from writers and select one, 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions if needed, knowing revisions and refunds are available.
The document discusses the steps to request writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It begins by having the user create an account with a password and email. They then complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. The user can also attach a sample of their work. HelpWriting.net uses a bidding system where writers submit bids and the user chooses a writer based on qualifications, history, and feedback. After receiving the paper, the user ensures it meets expectations and can request revisions until satisfied.
This document provides an overview of book keeping, financial accounting, and the history of accounting. It defines accounting and book keeping, outlines their key phases and processes. It discusses the origins of accounting in ancient civilizations and the development of double-entry bookkeeping. It also summarizes the historical development of accounting and the accounting profession in Nigeria, including the establishment of early accounting organizations and institutions in the country.
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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3. Accounting
It is a service activity to
provide quantitative
information, primarily
financial in nature, about
economic entities that is
intended to be useful in
making economic
decisions.
(Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No.1,”Basic
Concepts and Accounting Principles Underlying Financial
Stataments of Business Enterprises” (Manila: Accounting
Standard Council, 1983), par.1)
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
4. Accounting
Is an information system that
measures, processes and
communicate financial
information about economic
entity.
(Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No.1,”Basic
Concepts and Accounting Principles Underlying Financial
Stataments of Business Enterprises” (Norwalk, Conn.:
Financial Standards Board, 1978), par.9)
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
5. Accounting
Is the process of identifying, measuring and
communicating economic information to permit
informed judgements and decisions by users of the
information.
(American Accounting Association, ”A statement of Basic Accounting Theory” (Evanston, III.: American
Accounting Association, 1966), par 1)
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
6. Accounting
It is an art of recording, classifying, and
summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of
money, transactions and events which are, in part at
least, of a financial character, and interpreting the
results thereof
(American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) ,”Review and Resume”,
Accounting Terminology Bulletin No. 1 (New York AICPA,1953), Par 9)
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
7. Nature of Accounting
Accounting is a Process
Accounting is an Art
Accounting deals with Financial
information
Accounting is a means and not end
Accounting is an Information System
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
8. Accounting is a Process
A process is composed of multiple steps
that lead to a common end goal.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
9. Accounting is an Art
It entails creativity and skills to help us
attain some objectives. Accounting is
the art of recording, classifying,
summarizing, and finalizing financial
data.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
10. Accounting deals with Financial
Information
These are the only events identified by
the accountant, recorded in the books
and communicated to different parties.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
11. Accounting is a means and not
an end
Accounting is a tool to achieve specific
objectives. It is not the objective itself.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
12. Accounting is an information
system.
Accounting is recognized and
characterized as a storehouse of
information. As a service function, it
collects processes and communicates
financial information of any entity.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
14. History of Accounting
It is believed that the history of accounting is
thousands of years old and can even be
traced to ancient civilizations. A number of
history books suggest that the early
development of accounting can be dated
back to ancient Mesopotamia.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
15. During those times, people followed a
system of writing and counting money. The
development of accounting may be related
to the taxation and trading activities of
temples.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
16. Accounting and Its Environment
Brief History
I. Early development in Mesopotamia
• People followed a system of writing and counting
money. The development of accounting may be
related to the taxation and trading activities of temples.
Bulla (plural Bullae) found in Mesopotamia. Experts
consider this stage of record keeping the beginning of the
art of writing.
The original bulla was a lump of clay molded around a cord and
stamped with a seal. Once the clay has dried, the container
(such as a vase or money bag) cannot be violated without
visible damage to the bulla, thereby ensuring the contents
remain tamper-proof until they reach their destination
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
17. Accounting and Its Environment
Brief History
II. Development in the Roman Empire
• The reign of Emperor Augustus (63BC-14AD) provided more evidence
about the development of accounting.
• The Roman government kept detailed financial information of the deed of
Emperor Augustus regarding the stewardship of Roman resources.
• Roman historian Suetonius and Cassius Dio recorded that in 23BC,
Augustus prepared rationarium (account) which listed public revenues, the
amounts of cash in the aerarium (treasury), in the provincial fisci (tax
officials), and in the hands of the publican (public contractors); and that it
included the names of the freedmen and slaves from whom a detailed
account could be obtained.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
18. Accounting and Its Environment
Brief History
III. Dissemination of double-entry bookkeeping the 14th
century Italy
• Most important event in accounting history
• Luca Pacioli is acknowledged as the father
of modern accounting because of this. His
“Summa de Arithmetica,
Geometria,Proportioni et Proportionalita”
(Everything about Arithmetic, Geometry
and Proportion) is the first book printed
with a treatise on bookkeeping.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
19. Accounting and Its Environment
Brief History
IV. Signing of charter by Queen Victoria
V. Formation of accounting standards
such PAS and PFRS
• The modern profession of the chartered accountant
originated in Scotland in the 19th century when Queen
Victoria granted a royal charter to the Institute of
Accountants in Glasgow.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
62. INTRODUCTION
A business is an organization that converts inputs
or resources such as material, labor, and overhead
into outputs which are usually either goods or
services. In this chapter, we will discuss the different
types of business according to activities, their
business requirements, and their advantages and
disadvantages.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
63. Three major types of business:
1. Service companies
2. Merchandising companies
3. Manufacturing companies
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
64. SERVICE COMPANIES
Service companies are firms that
generally use their employees to
provide intangible products or
services to customers. These services
include professional skills, advice,
expertise, and other related products.
(e.g. accounting firms, law firms, and dry
cleaning establishments, etc. )
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
65. Operating Cycle of Service Companies
Cash on
hand
Performs
Services
Pays
employe
es and
other
expenses
Receives
payment
from
customers
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
66. MERCHANDISING COMPANIES
• Merchandising companies sell tangible
products. This type of business buys
finished or almost finished goods from their
suppliers and resell the same to customers.
• Primarily earn revenues from the sale of the
goods of merchandise, also known as sales
revenue or sales.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
67. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MERCHANDISING COMPANIES:
• Retailer is a merchandising
company that sells goods
directly to customers.
• Wholesaler is a
merchandising company
that sells goods to retailers.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
68. Operating Cycle of Merchandising Companies
Cash on
hand
Sells
inventory
Buy
goods
Receives
payment
from
customers
Stores
goods as
inventory
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
69. MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
• Manufacturing companies or simply
manufacturers, buy materials, convert
them into products, and then sell the
products to other companies or to the
final consumers.
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
70. Operating Cycle of Manufacturing Companies
Cash on
hand
Stores
finished
goods as
inventory
Pays for
inputs
(materials,
labor,
overhead)
Receives
payment
From
customers
Converts
inputs
into
finished
goods
Sell
inventory
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
71. Type of Business According
to Activities
Advantages Disadvantages
Service
Absence of inventory
No production facilities
Inability to standardize
services
Maintaining human capital
Merchandising
Visible products
Less conversion, time,
and effort
Managing inventory
Manufacturing
Quality control
Visible products
Generally needs
production facilities
High conversion costs
Cost of quality control
Managing inventory
By: Lucy Marcos Blanco, LPT
Archaeologist (traced as far back as 8500 BC) have established for certain clay tokens (cones, disks, spheres and pellets) which represented commodities such as sheep, jugs of oil, bread or clothing. These tokens were often sealed in clay balls called bullae which were broken on delivery so the shipment could be checked against the invoice.
Bulla is considered as the first bill of lading.
His treatise reflected the practices of Venice at the time. Therefore, he did not invent double-entry bookkeeping, but rather described what were prevalent accounting practices of the day.
He stated that the purpose of bookkeeping was to give the trader without delay information as to his assets and liabilities. Pacioli also advised the computation of periodic profit and closing of books. He said “It is always good to close the books each year, especially if you are in partnership with others. Frequent accounting makes for long friendship”