The document discusses grid computing, which involves connecting multiple computers together as a single system to share resources and solve large computing problems. Key points made include: - A grid connects various computing resources like computers, databases, and instruments to be used as a unified virtual system. - Grid computing allows problems to be solved faster by utilizing the resources of many connected computers simultaneously. - Resources that can be shared on a grid include data storage, computing power, sensors, and visualization tools. - Grids connect computers loosely over the internet and work on a virtual organization model to share resources across geographical locations.

1. Prof. Neeraj Bhargava
Pooja Dixit
Department of Computer Science
School of Engineering & System Sciences
MDS, University Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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2.  A grid is “a set of information resources
(computers, databases, networks, instruments,
etc.) that are integrated to provide users with
tools and applications that treat those resources
as components within a ‘virtual’ system”.
 Grid computing is that technology in which we
utilize the resources of many computers in a
network for solving a single computing problem
at the same time
 These computing resources include Data storage,
Capability, Computing power, Sensors,
Visualization tools and much more.
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3.  Grid computing work on Virtual Organization
concepts.
 In the Grid computing model server’s or personal
computers run independent tasks and are loosely
linked by internet.
 Grid computing is a processor architecture that
combines computer resources from various domain
to reach a main objective.
 Grid computing is the method or mechanism in
which two or more then two computers are connected
together to perform specific task and there is no
Geographical domain limitation. That’s mean two
computers can operate from different places sharing
different or same resources.
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4.  Grid use network to link the computing
resources of many different computers.
 The Cyber=Glue that binds all of these
resources together is called “Middleware”.
There are many different type of middleware
developed for many different types of grid.
 Middleware does all the work to connect
users' jobs to computing resources, thereby
hiding the grid's complexity from the user.
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5. What are the challenges of grid computing?
 There are quite a few. Technical challenges
include working out how to distribute
resources, locate and fix problems, allocate
jobs to the grid, and coordinate all the
different middleware used to cyber-glue
these grids together.
 And there are social challenges too: Who
should be allowed to use each grid? Whose
job should get priority in the queue to use
grid power? What is the best way to protect
user security? How will users pay for grid
usage?
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6.  Clustering of computer: Number of computer are
connected together in order to perform similar task from
different location is called clustering of computer.
 Solving large scale problem: heavy task can not be
perform using a single computer so if we are using a
single computer operated from different place in order to
solve large problem. It is the primary feature of Grid
computing.
 Sharing of Resources: Grid computing provide of
sharing of resources due to this feature there is maximum
utilization resources.
 Globally Distributed: The range of Grid computing is
very high as compare to Distributed system. Any computer
system located anywhere in world can connected with
other computer located globally.
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7.  Large scale: a grid must be able to deal with a number of resources ranging
from just a few to millions.
 Geographical distribution: grid's resources may be located at distant places.
 Heterogeneity: a grid hosts both software and hardware resources that can
be very varied ranging from data, files, software components or programs
to sensors, scientific instruments, display devices, personal digital
organizers, computers, super-computers and networks.
 Resource sharing: resources in a grid belong to many different
organizations that allow other organizations (i.e. users) to access them.
 Multiple administrations: each organization may establish different security
and administrative policies under which their owned resources can be
accessed and used.
 Resource coordination: resources in a grid must be coordinated in order to
provide aggregated computing capabilities.
 Transparent access: a grid should be seen as a single virtual computer.
 Dependable access: a grid must assure the delivery of services under
established Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.
 Consistent access: a grid must be built with standard services, protocols
and inter-faces thus hiding the heterogeneity of the resources while
allowing its scalability. [...]
 Pervasive access: the grid must grant access to available resources by
adapting to a dynamic environment in which resource failure is
commonplace.
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8. Grid have been divided into a number of types, on the basis of their use:
 Computational Grid: The computational grid is created to meet the high
amount computational throughput. In this type of grid, most of the machines
are high performance server’s. The computation grids provide the advantage
in the areas as:
1) Technology Improvement : Large amount of research will be able to be
conducted and completed in economical costs
2) Utilization of the idle capacity of the system: The computing resources
attached to a computation grid efficiently utilizes idle computational capacity.
3) Establishment of new problem solving technique: The computational grid
provide alternate way to proceed with the huge computational requirements
other than using supercomputers
4) Sharing of results in huge scale: The large scale high speed grid network
itself enables us to share large amount of data across the connected users
and resources irrespective of the locations.
 Data Grid: Data grids provide an infrastructure to support data storage, data
discovery, data handling, data publication, and data manipulation of large
volumes of data actually stored in various heterogeneous databases and file
systems.
 Collaboration Grid: The collaboration grids promote for the interoperability
among various organization collaborating together to simultaneously work on
a project creating or solving their concerned parts. For instance, persons from
different companies in a virtual enterprise can work on different components
of a CAD project without even disclosing their proprietary technologies.
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9.  Network Grid: A Network Grid provides fault-tolerant and high-performance
communication services. Each grid node works as a data router between two
communication points, providing data-caching and other facilities to speed
up the communications between such points.
 Utility Grid: This is the ultimate form of the Grid, in which not only data and
computation cycles are shared but software or just about any resource is
shared. The main services provided through utility grids are software and
special equipments. For instance, the applications can be run on one
machine and all the users can send their data to be processed to that
machine and receive the result back.Filed Under:
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10. The key components of grid computing include
the following.
 Resource management: a grid must be aware of
what resources are available for different tasks.
 Security management: the grid needs to take care
that only authorized users can access and use
the available resources .
 Data management: data must be transported,
cleansed, parceled and processed .
 Services management: users and applications
must be able to query the grid in an effective and
efficient manner.
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11. The main characteristics of a grid computing environment can
be listed as follows:
 Large scale: A grid must be able to deal with a number of
resources ranging from just a few to millions.
 Geographical distribution: Grid resources may be spread
geographically.
 Heterogeneity: A grid hosts both software and hardware
resources that can be ranging from data, files, software
components or programs to sensors, scientific instruments,
display devices, personal digital organizers, computers, super-
computers and networks.
 Resource sharing and coordination: Resources in a grid belong
to different organizations that allow other organizations (i.e.
users) to access them. The resources must be coordinated in
order to provide aggregated computing capabilities.
 Multiple administrations: Each organization may establish
different security and administrative policies under which
resources can be accessed and used.
 Resource coordination: Resources in a grid must be coordinated
in order to provide aggregated computing capabilities.
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