Basics of computer organization

1. Basics of Computer Organization
Prof. Neeraj Bhargava
Pooja Dixit
Department of Computer Science, School of
Engineering & System Sciences
MDS University Ajmer, Rajasthan

2. What is Computer Organization?
• As the name suggest, it is all about how the various parts of a computer are
organized.
• Computer organization is the knowing, What the functional components of a
computer are, how they work and how their performance is measured and optimized
.
• Computer organization will take a deep dive into CPU, how the units such as
Arithmetic logical Unit, processors, Memory (RAM and Cache) and buses go about
doing their job. In other words, how these functional units collectively work together
to execute a computer program/instruction.
• Random Access Memory (RAM) is used to store the programs and data being
used by the CPU in real-time. Two types of RAM are Static RAM, or (SRAM)
and Dynamic RAM, or (DRAM).
• Cache Memory : Cache is a smaller and fast memory component in the
computer which is inserted between the CPU and the main memory.

3. What are Number System?
• The technique to represent and work with numbers is called number system. every value that
you are saving or getting into/from computer memory has a defined number system.
Types of Number System
• There are various types of number system in mathematics. The four most common
number system types are:
▫ Decimal number system (Base- 10)
▫ Binary number system (Base- 2)
▫ Octal number system (Base-8)
▫ Hexadecimal number system (Base- 16)

4. Gray Codes
• The Gray Code is a sequence of binary number systems, which is also known
as reflected binary code.
• It is a cyclic code because successive code words in this code differ in one one
bit position only.

5. Boolean Algebra
• It is also called as Binary Algebra or logical
Algebra. Boolean algebra was invented
by George Boole in 1854.
• Boolean Algebra is used to analyze and simplify the
digital (logic) circuits.
• It uses only the binary numbers i.e. 0 and 1.

6. Logic Gates
• A logic gate is a physical electronic device
implementing a Boolean function, a logical
operation performed on one or more binary inputs
that produces a single binary output.

7. Flip Flop
• a flip-flop is a circuit that has two stable states
and can be used to store information.
• A flip flop is used to store 1 bit of data.A
combination of flip flops is called A Register.
• Types of Flip-Flop
▫ JK flip Flop
▫ SR Flip Flop
▫ D Flip Flop