Intro to AM.pptx
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This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM), a method of transmitting information via a carrier wave. It defines AM as varying the amplitude of the carrier wave in proportion to the message signal, while keeping other factors like frequency and phase constant. The document also briefly mentions other modulation methods like frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM). It provides examples of AM modulation types and defines the modulation index. Finally, it lists some advantages and disadvantages of AM as well as its applications.
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Lec am modulation
Modulation involves modifying a carrier signal with a modulating signal to make it suitable for transmission. There are two main types of modulation: analog and digital. Analog modulation includes amplitude modulation (AM), where the amplitude of the carrier wave varies with the modulating signal. AM can take different forms such as double sideband suppressed carrier (DSBSC) and single sideband (SSB) to improve power and bandwidth efficiency.
2109986 635316076040095000
The document discusses baseband and modulated communication signals. It defines baseband signals as those that do not use modulation and transmit information in its original form within the baseband frequency range. Modulated signals use carrier waves to shift the information signal to higher frequencies suitable for transmission. The key types of modulation discussed are amplitude modulation (AM), which varies the amplitude of the carrier wave, and angle modulation including frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM), which vary the frequency or phase of the carrier. Common applications of baseband signals include telephony and digital data transmission over copper wires, while modulated signals are required for wireless transmission through free space using radio frequencies.
Am3
This document discusses types of amplitude modulation (AM) and power efficiency in AM. It describes three main types of AM: double sideband full carrier (DSB-FC), double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC), and single sideband suppressed carrier (SSB-SC). DSB-FC transmits both sidebands and the carrier, while DSB-SC suppresses the carrier. SSB-SC transmits only one sideband and suppresses the carrier. The document also discusses modulation index and how only 33% of the total transmitted power in AM is useful for the signal, while the rest is wasted, making AM inefficient in terms of power usage.
Modulasi.pptx
This document discusses different types of modulation techniques. It describes analog modulation techniques including amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM). AM varies the amplitude of the carrier signal based on the message signal. FM varies the frequency of the carrier signal linearly with the amplitude of the message signal. PM changes the phase of the carrier signal based on the message signal. The document also briefly introduces digital modulation techniques, noting they are similar to analog modulation but operate on discrete amplitude levels for binary digital signals using amplitude-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, or phase-shift keying.
Dasar Modulasi dalam Telekomunikasi Analog
Modulation involves varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier signal based on a message signal. There are two main types of modulation: analog and digital. Analog modulation uses a continuous message signal and can vary the amplitude (AM), frequency (FM), or phase (PM) of the carrier. Digital modulation uses a discrete, binary message signal and the main types are amplitude-shift keying (ASK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), and phase-shift keying (PSK).
Amplitude Modulation ppt
This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) as a type of modulation used to transmit information signals. Modulation involves varying a high frequency carrier signal by an information signal in order to transmit the information signal over long distances. In AM, the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating or information signal. This creates two new sideband frequencies above and below the carrier frequency equal to the modulation frequency. The carrier and sidebands together make up the modulated signal. Only a portion of the transmitted power is present in the sidebands containing the information, while the rest is wasted in the carrier.
Different type of modulation schemes used in Analog Modulation
Modulation is a technique used to vary the characteristics of a carrier signal in accordance with a message signal. There are two main types of modulation: analog and digital. Analog modulation varies amplitude, frequency, or phase of a sinusoidal carrier signal. The three types of analog modulation are amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM). AM varies the amplitude of the carrier, FM varies the frequency, and PM varies the phase. Digital modulation uses digital signals such as amplitude-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, and phase-shift keying.
Communication system 1 chapter 3 - part 1
The document discusses various topics related to analogue communication, including different types of amplitude modulation techniques. It describes amplitude modulation (AM), double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC) modulation, single sideband (SSB) modulation, and vestigial sideband (VSB) modulation. It also discusses AM receivers, specifically tuned radio frequency (TRF) receivers and superheterodyne receivers. The TRF receiver design is shown, along with its advantages of simplicity and sensitivity, and disadvantages of inconsistent bandwidth, instability, and non-uniform gain over wide frequencies.
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Lec am modulation
Modulation involves modifying a carrier signal with a modulating signal to make it suitable for transmission. There are two main types of modulation: analog and digital. Analog modulation includes amplitude modulation (AM), where the amplitude of the carrier wave varies with the modulating signal. AM can take different forms such as double sideband suppressed carrier (DSBSC) and single sideband (SSB) to improve power and bandwidth efficiency.
2109986 635316076040095000
The document discusses baseband and modulated communication signals. It defines baseband signals as those that do not use modulation and transmit information in its original form within the baseband frequency range. Modulated signals use carrier waves to shift the information signal to higher frequencies suitable for transmission. The key types of modulation discussed are amplitude modulation (AM), which varies the amplitude of the carrier wave, and angle modulation including frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM), which vary the frequency or phase of the carrier. Common applications of baseband signals include telephony and digital data transmission over copper wires, while modulated signals are required for wireless transmission through free space using radio frequencies.
Am3
This document discusses types of amplitude modulation (AM) and power efficiency in AM. It describes three main types of AM: double sideband full carrier (DSB-FC), double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC), and single sideband suppressed carrier (SSB-SC). DSB-FC transmits both sidebands and the carrier, while DSB-SC suppresses the carrier. SSB-SC transmits only one sideband and suppresses the carrier. The document also discusses modulation index and how only 33% of the total transmitted power in AM is useful for the signal, while the rest is wasted, making AM inefficient in terms of power usage.
Modulasi.pptx
This document discusses different types of modulation techniques. It describes analog modulation techniques including amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM). AM varies the amplitude of the carrier signal based on the message signal. FM varies the frequency of the carrier signal linearly with the amplitude of the message signal. PM changes the phase of the carrier signal based on the message signal. The document also briefly introduces digital modulation techniques, noting they are similar to analog modulation but operate on discrete amplitude levels for binary digital signals using amplitude-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, or phase-shift keying.
Dasar Modulasi dalam Telekomunikasi Analog
Modulation involves varying the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier signal based on a message signal. There are two main types of modulation: analog and digital. Analog modulation uses a continuous message signal and can vary the amplitude (AM), frequency (FM), or phase (PM) of the carrier. Digital modulation uses a discrete, binary message signal and the main types are amplitude-shift keying (ASK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), and phase-shift keying (PSK).
Amplitude Modulation ppt
This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) as a type of modulation used to transmit information signals. Modulation involves varying a high frequency carrier signal by an information signal in order to transmit the information signal over long distances. In AM, the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating or information signal. This creates two new sideband frequencies above and below the carrier frequency equal to the modulation frequency. The carrier and sidebands together make up the modulated signal. Only a portion of the transmitted power is present in the sidebands containing the information, while the rest is wasted in the carrier.
Different type of modulation schemes used in Analog Modulation
Modulation is a technique used to vary the characteristics of a carrier signal in accordance with a message signal. There are two main types of modulation: analog and digital. Analog modulation varies amplitude, frequency, or phase of a sinusoidal carrier signal. The three types of analog modulation are amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM). AM varies the amplitude of the carrier, FM varies the frequency, and PM varies the phase. Digital modulation uses digital signals such as amplitude-shift keying, frequency-shift keying, and phase-shift keying.
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The document discusses various topics related to analogue communication, including different types of amplitude modulation techniques. It describes amplitude modulation (AM), double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC) modulation, single sideband (SSB) modulation, and vestigial sideband (VSB) modulation. It also discusses AM receivers, specifically tuned radio frequency (TRF) receivers and superheterodyne receivers. The TRF receiver design is shown, along with its advantages of simplicity and sensitivity, and disadvantages of inconsistent bandwidth, instability, and non-uniform gain over wide frequencies.
Comparative Study and Performance Analysis of different Modulation Techniques...
Make a comparative study and performance analysis of different modulation
techniques which shows graphically and comparatively results like Bandwidth,
Energy and Power Efficiency of AM, DSB-SC, SSB and SSB-SC
Ppt on modulated and un modulated signal
This document provides an overview of modulation and demodulation techniques used in radio frequency transmission. It discusses how low frequency information signals are modulated onto high frequency carrier signals for transmission, and then demodulated back to their original form on the receiving end. Specifically, it covers the principles of amplitude modulation (AM), including how the AM envelope is formed. It also discusses frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM), describing how the carrier frequency or phase varies depending on the modulating signal. Direct FM modulation using a variable capacitor microphone is presented as one method for modulating the carrier frequency directly.
Amplitude modulation
The document discusses amplitude modulation (AM), which is the simplest and earliest form of modulation. AM involves varying the amplitude of a carrier signal based on the instantaneous amplitude of an information signal. It describes the basic principles of AM, including modulation index and different types of AM such as double sideband suppressed carrier AM and single sideband AM. Advantages of AM include its simplicity of implementation, while disadvantages include inefficiency in power and bandwidth usage and susceptibility to noise.
Amplitude modulation
1) Modulation involves changing characteristics of a high-frequency carrier signal according to an information signal. This allows signal transmission over long distances and multiple signals over the same channel.
2) The main modulation types are amplitude modulation (AM), which changes amplitude; frequency modulation (FM), which changes frequency; and phase modulation (PM), which changes phase.
3) AM is the simplest form and varies the carrier amplitude by the information signal. It has advantages of simplicity but is inefficient in power and bandwidth usage, and susceptible to noise.
Amplitute modulation
Modulation is the process of putting information onto a high frequency carrier wave for transmission. The key reasons for modulation are:
- To allow for frequency division multiplexing and support multiple transmissions via a single channel.
- For practicality, as transmitting very low frequencies would require antennas with miles in wavelength.
There are different types of modulation including analogue modulation (AM, FM, PM), pulse modulation, and digital modulation. Amplitude modulation (AM) varies the amplitude of the carrier wave and produces sidebands at sums and differences of the carrier and modulating frequencies. Double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC) modulation suppresses the carrier wave to improve power efficiency but requires a complex receiver for demodulation.
Communication Theory - Amplitude Modulation.pdf
This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) in communication systems. It defines AM as varying the amplitude of a high-frequency carrier wave based on an information-carrying signal. Key points include:
- AM represents the modulating signal as variations in the carrier wave amplitude while keeping frequency and phase constant.
- An AM signal has a frequency spectrum consisting of the original carrier frequency along with upper and lower sideband frequencies that contain the modulating signal.
- The modulation index m indicates the degree of amplitude variation as a ratio of carrier to modulating signal amplitude. Higher m provides stronger signals but can cause distortion.
AM1fseukjhffffdfghhjjhhggggghhhhhhhs.ppt
Angle modulation techniques encode information by varying the phase of the carrier signal. There are two main types: phase modulation and frequency modulation. In phase modulation (PM), the instantaneous phase of the carrier signal is shifted by an amount proportional to the modulating signal. In frequency modulation (FM), the instantaneous frequency of the carrier signal is shifted up or down from its resting frequency by an amount proportional to the modulating signal. Both PM and FM allow multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously using the same carrier frequency.
Amplitude modulation and Demodulation Techniques
The document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) and its various types. It begins by defining AM as varying the amplitude of a carrier wave based on an information-bearing signal. It then covers the basic mathematical model of AM and discusses aspects like modulation index. The main types covered are:
1. Double sideband AM (DSB-AM) which consists of the carrier wave along with upper and lower sidebands. It is bandwidth inefficient.
2. Single sideband AM (SSB-AM) which suppresses either the upper or lower sideband, reducing bandwidth by half compared to DSB-AM.
3. Suppressed carrier AM (DSB-SC and SSB-SC) which suppress
Communication Theory - Angle Modulation .pdf
This document discusses angle modulation techniques, specifically frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM). It defines these terms and discusses the key aspects of narrowband and wideband FM. Narrowband FM has a modulation index below 1, while wideband FM is above 0.5. Carson's rule provides an estimate for the bandwidth of an FM signal. FM can be demodulated using a frequency discriminator or phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL performs better in noise. Wideband FM transmission is used for broadcast to transmit high quality audio over a large bandwidth.
Communication Engineering- Unit 1
This document provides an overview of analog modulation techniques. It discusses the basic concepts of signals, modulation, and communication systems. It covers various analog modulation schemes including amplitude modulation (AM) and angle modulation. AM techniques described include double sideband with carrier (DSB-FC), double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC), single sideband with carrier (SSB-C), and single sideband suppressed carrier (SSB-SC). Modulation index, generation of AM signals using balanced and ring modulators, and AM demodulation are also covered. Angle modulation techniques of frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM) are introduced along with their advantages.
Amplitudemodulation
This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM), which is the simplest form of modulation. AM involves changing the amplitude of a carrier signal based on the amplitude of a modulating signal. The coefficient of modulation expresses the ratio between the amplitudes of the modulating and carrier signals. Power in an AM transmitter is calculated using a formula that involves the power of the carrier and sidebands. A benefit of AM is that it can shift the spectral content of a message signal to a frequency band better suited for the transmission channel.
Introduction to Modulation and Demodulation.pptx
1) The document discusses various modulation techniques used in communication systems including amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), phase modulation (PM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), frequency-shift keying (FSK), phase-shift keying (PSK), and their derivatives.
2) It explains the basic concepts of modulation such as using a message signal to control parameters of a carrier signal to transmit information.
3) Key modulation types covered are AM, which varies the amplitude of a carrier signal; FSK and PSK, which are used for digital modulation by shifting the frequency or phase of a carrier.
Chapter4
This document provides an overview of amplitude modulation and demodulation. It discusses:
1) Modulation is used to shift message signals to specific frequency bands for transmission. Amplitude modulation varies the amplitude of a carrier signal based on the message signal.
2) Demodulation recovers the original message signal by shifting the modulated signal's spectrum back to its original position. This involves multiplying the carrier signal by the received modulated signal and filtering out the unwanted frequencies.
3) Amplitude modulation can be achieved using analog multipliers or nonlinear devices. Nonlinear modulators generate sum and difference frequencies that allow separating the message signal through filtering.
Introduction to communication system lecture3
This document provides an overview of angle modulation techniques, including phase modulation and frequency modulation. It defines these terms and discusses how they work. It also covers topics like FM bandwidth, generation of narrowband and wideband FM signals, FM detection methods, and noise analysis for AM and FM signals. Key points include: Angle modulation varies the angle of the carrier wave according to the baseband signal while keeping amplitude constant. It can provide better noise performance than AM at the cost of increased bandwidth. Narrowband FM has a bandwidth of about 2fm while wideband FM bandwidth is about 2Δf. FM detection can be done with differentiation and envelope detection or using a phase locked loop with a VCO.
Business utiliity plan for business management
This document describes the principles and mathematical representations of amplitude modulation (AM). It discusses:
1) AM modulation involves varying the amplitude of a high-frequency carrier signal proportionally to the instantaneous amplitude of a modulating signal. This translates the modulating signal to a higher frequency for long-distance transmission.
2) An AM signal contains the carrier signal as well as upper and lower sideband signals displaced from the carrier by the modulating frequency. It requires demodulation to recover the original signal.
3) Power in an AM signal is distributed between the carrier and sidebands. At 100% modulation, half the power goes to each sideband. Transmitter efficiency is limited to 33% with this
Chapter 2 amplitude_modulation
This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) used in radio broadcasting. It describes the principles of AM including: imposing an information signal onto a carrier wave such that the carrier amplitude varies proportionally to the information signal. This creates sidebands above and below the carrier frequency. The bandwidth of an AM signal is equal to twice the highest modulating frequency. Circuits and examples are provided to illustrate AM modulation and demodulation.
Chapter 2 amplitude_modulation
This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) used in radio broadcasting. It describes the principles of AM including: how the carrier amplitude changes proportionally to the modulation signal, its advantages of simple circuits and use for audio/video broadcasting, and its disadvantages of noise and inefficient power use. Key aspects of AM include: the carrier signal combined with the modulating signal in the modulator, which produces an AM envelope waveform and sidebands around the carrier frequency. The bandwidth of an AM signal is equal to twice the highest modulating frequency.
frequency modulation
Frequency modulation (FM) is a type of angle modulation where the instantaneous frequency of the carrier signal varies linearly with the modulating signal. There are two types of FM: narrowband FM (NBFM) where the modulation index is less than 1, and wideband FM (WBFM) where the modulation index is greater than 1. The bandwidth of an FM signal can be estimated using Carson's rule, which states that nearly all the signal power lies within a bandwidth equal to twice the maximum frequency deviation plus the maximum modulating frequency. FM signals have constant amplitude but varying frequency, so their average power does not depend on the modulating signal and remains constant.
Electronics and Telecommunications: Frequency modulation
This document discusses various digital modulation techniques including frequency modulation (FM), amplitude modulation (AM), phase modulation, pulse code modulation (PCM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse time modulation, pulse position modulation, and multiplexing. It defines these terms and concepts, explains how they work, compares AM and FM, and discusses bandwidth and noise considerations for FM.
Phase modulation
Phase modulation (PM) is a form of modulation where information is represented by variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave. The phase angle of the complex envelope is changed in direct proportion to the message signal. PM can be considered a special case of FM where the carrier frequency modulation is given by the time derivative of the phase modulation. The bandwidth of PM for a single sinusoidal signal is approximately equal to the modulation index multiplied by the carrier frequency.
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Energy and Power Efficiency of AM, DSB-SC, SSB and SSB-SC
Ppt on modulated and un modulated signal
This document provides an overview of modulation and demodulation techniques used in radio frequency transmission. It discusses how low frequency information signals are modulated onto high frequency carrier signals for transmission, and then demodulated back to their original form on the receiving end. Specifically, it covers the principles of amplitude modulation (AM), including how the AM envelope is formed. It also discusses frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM), describing how the carrier frequency or phase varies depending on the modulating signal. Direct FM modulation using a variable capacitor microphone is presented as one method for modulating the carrier frequency directly.
Amplitude modulation
The document discusses amplitude modulation (AM), which is the simplest and earliest form of modulation. AM involves varying the amplitude of a carrier signal based on the instantaneous amplitude of an information signal. It describes the basic principles of AM, including modulation index and different types of AM such as double sideband suppressed carrier AM and single sideband AM. Advantages of AM include its simplicity of implementation, while disadvantages include inefficiency in power and bandwidth usage and susceptibility to noise.
Amplitude modulation
1) Modulation involves changing characteristics of a high-frequency carrier signal according to an information signal. This allows signal transmission over long distances and multiple signals over the same channel.
2) The main modulation types are amplitude modulation (AM), which changes amplitude; frequency modulation (FM), which changes frequency; and phase modulation (PM), which changes phase.
3) AM is the simplest form and varies the carrier amplitude by the information signal. It has advantages of simplicity but is inefficient in power and bandwidth usage, and susceptible to noise.
Amplitute modulation
Modulation is the process of putting information onto a high frequency carrier wave for transmission. The key reasons for modulation are:
- To allow for frequency division multiplexing and support multiple transmissions via a single channel.
- For practicality, as transmitting very low frequencies would require antennas with miles in wavelength.
There are different types of modulation including analogue modulation (AM, FM, PM), pulse modulation, and digital modulation. Amplitude modulation (AM) varies the amplitude of the carrier wave and produces sidebands at sums and differences of the carrier and modulating frequencies. Double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC) modulation suppresses the carrier wave to improve power efficiency but requires a complex receiver for demodulation.
Communication Theory - Amplitude Modulation.pdf
This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) in communication systems. It defines AM as varying the amplitude of a high-frequency carrier wave based on an information-carrying signal. Key points include:
- AM represents the modulating signal as variations in the carrier wave amplitude while keeping frequency and phase constant.
- An AM signal has a frequency spectrum consisting of the original carrier frequency along with upper and lower sideband frequencies that contain the modulating signal.
- The modulation index m indicates the degree of amplitude variation as a ratio of carrier to modulating signal amplitude. Higher m provides stronger signals but can cause distortion.
AM1fseukjhffffdfghhjjhhggggghhhhhhhs.ppt
Angle modulation techniques encode information by varying the phase of the carrier signal. There are two main types: phase modulation and frequency modulation. In phase modulation (PM), the instantaneous phase of the carrier signal is shifted by an amount proportional to the modulating signal. In frequency modulation (FM), the instantaneous frequency of the carrier signal is shifted up or down from its resting frequency by an amount proportional to the modulating signal. Both PM and FM allow multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously using the same carrier frequency.
Amplitude modulation and Demodulation Techniques
The document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) and its various types. It begins by defining AM as varying the amplitude of a carrier wave based on an information-bearing signal. It then covers the basic mathematical model of AM and discusses aspects like modulation index. The main types covered are:
1. Double sideband AM (DSB-AM) which consists of the carrier wave along with upper and lower sidebands. It is bandwidth inefficient.
2. Single sideband AM (SSB-AM) which suppresses either the upper or lower sideband, reducing bandwidth by half compared to DSB-AM.
3. Suppressed carrier AM (DSB-SC and SSB-SC) which suppress
Communication Theory - Angle Modulation .pdf
This document discusses angle modulation techniques, specifically frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM). It defines these terms and discusses the key aspects of narrowband and wideband FM. Narrowband FM has a modulation index below 1, while wideband FM is above 0.5. Carson's rule provides an estimate for the bandwidth of an FM signal. FM can be demodulated using a frequency discriminator or phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL performs better in noise. Wideband FM transmission is used for broadcast to transmit high quality audio over a large bandwidth.
Communication Engineering- Unit 1
This document provides an overview of analog modulation techniques. It discusses the basic concepts of signals, modulation, and communication systems. It covers various analog modulation schemes including amplitude modulation (AM) and angle modulation. AM techniques described include double sideband with carrier (DSB-FC), double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC), single sideband with carrier (SSB-C), and single sideband suppressed carrier (SSB-SC). Modulation index, generation of AM signals using balanced and ring modulators, and AM demodulation are also covered. Angle modulation techniques of frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM) are introduced along with their advantages.
Amplitudemodulation
This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM), which is the simplest form of modulation. AM involves changing the amplitude of a carrier signal based on the amplitude of a modulating signal. The coefficient of modulation expresses the ratio between the amplitudes of the modulating and carrier signals. Power in an AM transmitter is calculated using a formula that involves the power of the carrier and sidebands. A benefit of AM is that it can shift the spectral content of a message signal to a frequency band better suited for the transmission channel.
Introduction to Modulation and Demodulation.pptx
1) The document discusses various modulation techniques used in communication systems including amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), phase modulation (PM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), frequency-shift keying (FSK), phase-shift keying (PSK), and their derivatives.
2) It explains the basic concepts of modulation such as using a message signal to control parameters of a carrier signal to transmit information.
3) Key modulation types covered are AM, which varies the amplitude of a carrier signal; FSK and PSK, which are used for digital modulation by shifting the frequency or phase of a carrier.
Chapter4
This document provides an overview of amplitude modulation and demodulation. It discusses:
1) Modulation is used to shift message signals to specific frequency bands for transmission. Amplitude modulation varies the amplitude of a carrier signal based on the message signal.
2) Demodulation recovers the original message signal by shifting the modulated signal's spectrum back to its original position. This involves multiplying the carrier signal by the received modulated signal and filtering out the unwanted frequencies.
3) Amplitude modulation can be achieved using analog multipliers or nonlinear devices. Nonlinear modulators generate sum and difference frequencies that allow separating the message signal through filtering.
Introduction to communication system lecture3
This document provides an overview of angle modulation techniques, including phase modulation and frequency modulation. It defines these terms and discusses how they work. It also covers topics like FM bandwidth, generation of narrowband and wideband FM signals, FM detection methods, and noise analysis for AM and FM signals. Key points include: Angle modulation varies the angle of the carrier wave according to the baseband signal while keeping amplitude constant. It can provide better noise performance than AM at the cost of increased bandwidth. Narrowband FM has a bandwidth of about 2fm while wideband FM bandwidth is about 2Δf. FM detection can be done with differentiation and envelope detection or using a phase locked loop with a VCO.
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This document describes the principles and mathematical representations of amplitude modulation (AM). It discusses:
1) AM modulation involves varying the amplitude of a high-frequency carrier signal proportionally to the instantaneous amplitude of a modulating signal. This translates the modulating signal to a higher frequency for long-distance transmission.
2) An AM signal contains the carrier signal as well as upper and lower sideband signals displaced from the carrier by the modulating frequency. It requires demodulation to recover the original signal.
3) Power in an AM signal is distributed between the carrier and sidebands. At 100% modulation, half the power goes to each sideband. Transmitter efficiency is limited to 33% with this
Chapter 2 amplitude_modulation
This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) used in radio broadcasting. It describes the principles of AM including: imposing an information signal onto a carrier wave such that the carrier amplitude varies proportionally to the information signal. This creates sidebands above and below the carrier frequency. The bandwidth of an AM signal is equal to twice the highest modulating frequency. Circuits and examples are provided to illustrate AM modulation and demodulation.
Chapter 2 amplitude_modulation
This document discusses amplitude modulation (AM) used in radio broadcasting. It describes the principles of AM including: how the carrier amplitude changes proportionally to the modulation signal, its advantages of simple circuits and use for audio/video broadcasting, and its disadvantages of noise and inefficient power use. Key aspects of AM include: the carrier signal combined with the modulating signal in the modulator, which produces an AM envelope waveform and sidebands around the carrier frequency. The bandwidth of an AM signal is equal to twice the highest modulating frequency.
frequency modulation
Frequency modulation (FM) is a type of angle modulation where the instantaneous frequency of the carrier signal varies linearly with the modulating signal. There are two types of FM: narrowband FM (NBFM) where the modulation index is less than 1, and wideband FM (WBFM) where the modulation index is greater than 1. The bandwidth of an FM signal can be estimated using Carson's rule, which states that nearly all the signal power lies within a bandwidth equal to twice the maximum frequency deviation plus the maximum modulating frequency. FM signals have constant amplitude but varying frequency, so their average power does not depend on the modulating signal and remains constant.
Electronics and Telecommunications: Frequency modulation
This document discusses various digital modulation techniques including frequency modulation (FM), amplitude modulation (AM), phase modulation, pulse code modulation (PCM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse time modulation, pulse position modulation, and multiplexing. It defines these terms and concepts, explains how they work, compares AM and FM, and discusses bandwidth and noise considerations for FM.
Phase modulation
Phase modulation (PM) is a form of modulation where information is represented by variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave. The phase angle of the complex envelope is changed in direct proportion to the message signal. PM can be considered a special case of FM where the carrier frequency modulation is given by the time derivative of the phase modulation. The bandwidth of PM for a single sinusoidal signal is approximately equal to the modulation index multiplied by the carrier frequency.
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学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
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6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
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Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
Bigdata of technology
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
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Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
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Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
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Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, SerbiaA SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
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Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptx
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Intro to AM.pptx
- 2. It's is the process by which a carrier wave is altered in such a way that it is also to carry information on it. There are three basic methods to do this: • Amplitude Modulation (AM) • Frequency Modulation (FM) • Phase Modulation (PM) Modulation
- 3. In amplitude Modulation (AM), the amplitude of the carrier wave is varied in proportion to the message signal, and the other factors like frequency and phase remain constant. AM Modulator Amplitude Modulation Vm(t)= VmSin(2πfmt+Φ) Vc(t)= VcSin(2πfct+Φ) Vam(t)= (Vc+VM(t))Sin(2πfct+Φ)
- 4. Amplitude modulation Vestigial Sideband Modulation (VSB). Single Sideband Modulation (SSB). Double sideband-suppressed carrier modulation (DSB-SC) Types of Amplitude Modulation
- 5. Under Modulation μ < 1 Over Modulation μ >1 Perfect Modulation μ = 1 In Amplitude Modulation (AM), Modulation index is defined as the measure of extent of amplitude variation about an un modulated maximum carrier
- 6. • Very simple to implement • AM signals are reflected by the earth from the ionosphere layer • Low bandwidth • Low cost • More power is required • Data loss • AM detectors are sensitive to noise Advantages of AM Disadvantages of AM
- 7. Application of Amplitude Modulation • Used to transmit the signal over, long distances • Used for radio transmission • It's also applied in two-way communication for air traffic control