Intracerebral hemorrhage info for patients and families
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This document provides information about intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a type of bleeding inside the brain. It defines ICH, discusses causes such as high blood pressure, and explains how doctors diagnose it using CT scans. It also outlines how doctors manage ICH medically through blood pressure control and sedation if needed, and in rare cases surgically. Finally, it discusses factors that impact a patient's prognosis, such as age, pre-existing conditions, bleed size, and location within the brain.
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This document provides information about traumatic brain injury (TBI) for patients and families. It defines TBI as an injury to the brain caused by trauma to the skull. Common types of TBI are contusions, hemorrhages, and brain swelling. Management involves monitoring pressure and oxygen levels in the brain and using treatments like sedation, hypothermia, medications, and surgery to prevent further brain injury from swelling. The prognosis varies for each patient, but most experience worsening before improvement as the brain heals.
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This document discusses stroke (cerebrovascular accident or CVA), including:
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- Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, excessive alcohol, and atrial fibrillation.
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A 65-year-old man presented to the hospital with acute left-sided weakness and slurred speech for 14 hours. His medical history included hypertension. Examination found left-sided motor weakness and deviated eyes and mouth. A CT scan showed an infarction in the right middle cerebral artery. The patient was diagnosed with an ischemic stroke. The goals of management were to ensure medical stability, determine eligibility for thrombolysis, and uncover the cause of symptoms. Treatment included monitoring blood pressure, glucose, swallowing function, and fever. Intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 hours or mechanical thrombectomy within 24 hours were recommended treatment options.
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This document discusses stroke (cerebrovascular accident or CVA), including:
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- Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, excessive alcohol, and atrial fibrillation.
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- Diagnosis involves physical exams, neurological tests, imaging scans like CT/MRI, and other tests. Treatment includes thrombol
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Stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. It is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In Bangladesh, stroke accounts for 10% of medical admissions. The most common type is ischemic stroke, caused by blockage of an artery supplying the brain. Symptoms depend on the affected area but may include weakness, speech problems, visual issues, and headaches. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are important to reduce long-term effects.
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- Radiological factors like obliteration of basal cisterns on CT scan and increased midline shift correlate with elevated intracranial pressure and increased mortality.
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2) The student is working on a project about early stroke diagnosis using deep learning and convolutional neural networks.
3) The blood vessels supplying the brain, called the internal carotids and vertebral arteries, are the parts of the nervous system affected in strokes. Damage depends on where in the brain the stroke occurs.
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The document provides information about strokes, including:
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2) Risk factors for stroke include hypertension, heart disease, high cholesterol, smoking, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, overweight/obesity, blood disorders, excessive alcohol, and certain medications. Symptoms appear suddenly and include confusion, weakness, vision problems, and trouble walking or talking.
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The document provides information about protocols for treating patients exhibiting signs of an acute stroke or CVA. It outlines assessments and tests to determine if a patient is having a stroke, including the Cincinnati Pre-hospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) and Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation (RACE). It describes treating potential underlying causes of stroke symptoms like hypoglycemia. It also notes the differences between primary and comprehensive stroke centers in terms of capabilities for treating patients.
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1. The document discusses classification and management of traumatic head injuries, including grading severity based on Glasgow Coma Scale and anatomical findings on CT scans.
2. Management involves stabilizing patients through the pre-hospital and hospital phases, monitoring intracranial pressure, and treating to prevent secondary brain injuries using medical and surgical methods like intubation, sedation, osmotherapy, and surgical evacuation of hematomas if needed.
3. The goal of management is to control factors that raise intracranial pressure like hypoxia, hypotension, and cerebral edema in order to maintain adequate cerebral perfusion pressure and optimize outcomes.
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The document provides information on stroke, including its definition, epidemiology, risk factors, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, management, and nursing considerations. Stroke is defined as a focal neurological deficit resulting from a disturbance in cerebral blood flow. The main types are ischemic (80%) and hemorrhagic (20%). Risk factors include hypertension, heart disease, smoking, age, and family history. Nursing management focuses on monitoring, mobility, prevention of complications, and rehabilitation.
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This document provides guidance on caring for patients with head injuries. It discusses assessing neurological status, managing blood pressure/volume, oxygenation, temperature, seizures, nutrition, positioning, bladder/bowel care, minimizing stimulation, safety, rehabilitation, and educating family members. Key aspects include monitoring vital signs, avoiding hypotension, maintaining oxygen levels, managing ICP rise through osmotherapy, keeping the patient normothermic, starting early rehabilitation, and supporting family members through the recovery process.
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Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States and worldwide. There are three main types of stroke: ischemic (caused by blockage), hemorrhagic (caused by bleeding), and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs or mini-strokes). Symptoms appear suddenly and without warning, and include numbness, confusion, trouble seeing or speaking. Prompt medical treatment is crucial. Diagnostic tests help determine the type and location of damage. Treatment depends on stroke type but may include clot-busting drugs or surgery to repair blood vessels. Rehabilitation is important for recovery. Risk can be reduced by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing medical conditions like high blood pressure.
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1. The document discusses nervous system disorders including intracranial pressure, components of the brain, causes of increased ICP, signs and symptoms, investigations, and management of increased ICP including drug therapy and nursing care.
2. It also covers topics such as stroke, including types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis using FAST test, treatment including thrombolysis and antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs, and nursing care to monitor patients and prevent complications.
3. Finally, it briefly discusses meningitis as an inflammation of the lining around the brain and spinal cord often caused by bacteria or viruses.
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Martin Smith and Mark Wilson debate whether neurocritical care improves outcomes in severe TBI.
Martin argues in favour of neurocritical care.
He concedes that longstanding and established practices are not as efficacious or innocuous as previously believed.
Very few specific interventions have been shown to improve outcomes in large randomised controlled trials. With the possible exception of avoidance of hypotension and hypoxaemia, most are based on analysis of physiology and pathophysiology.
Further, the substantial temporal and regional pathophysiological heterogeneity after TBI means that some interventions may be ineffective, unnecessary, or even harmful in certain patients at certain times.
Martin however, contends that improved understanding of pathophysiology and advances in neuromonitoring and imaging techniques have led to more effective and individualised treatment strategies. Ultimately, this has led to improved outcomes for patients.
In particular, the sole goal of identifying and treating intracranial hypertension has been superseded by a focus on the prevention of secondary brain insults. This is done by using a systematic, stepwise approach to maintenance of adequate cerebral perfusion and oxygenation.
Similarly, multimodal neuromonitoring also gives clinicians confidence to withhold potentially dangerous therapy. Particuarly in those with no evidence of brain ischemia/hypoxia or metabolic disturbance.
Mark Wilson on the other hand argues there is no benefit in neurocritical care following severe TBI.
The New England Journal of Medicine has published several articles that demonstrate no benefit from classic neurotrauma interventions (ICP monitoring, cooling, decompression). This is because factors such as ICP and CPP associate with bad outcomes by association rather than causation.
This debate will demonstrate that critical care just complicates things. Evidently, it is high time for the randomised trial between the very best neurocritical care and NOB therapy (Naso-pharyngeal, Oxygen and a Blanket).
Join Martin and Mark as they discuss the pros and cons of neurocritical care in the management of severe TBI.
For more like this, head to our podcast page. #CodaPodcast
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Approach to TIA/ CVA
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Head injury
1) Management of acute traumatic head injury involves evaluating the patient using the Glasgow Coma Scale and performing a CT scan to determine the type and severity of injury.
2) Treatment depends on factors such as intracranial pressure and includes measures to control ventilation, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and reduce swelling in the brain.
3) Prognosis is influenced by age, severity of injury based on Glasgow Coma Scale, and presence of hypotension or hypoxia - all of which can be potentially controlled or mitigated through rapid evaluation and treatment.
Intracerebral hemorhage Diagnosis and management
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is bleeding within the brain tissue. The document discusses the causes, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and management of ICH. The major causes are hypertension and vascular abnormalities like aneurysms. Clinical features depend on the location of bleeding and may include altered consciousness, headache, vomiting and focal neurological deficits. CT scan is the primary imaging method to detect ICH. Prognosis depends on factors like hematoma size, location and growth. Management involves controlling blood pressure, treating the underlying cause and complications.
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- Several clinical factors are prognostic indicators of outcome following head injury, including age, hypoxia, blood pressure, and Glasgow Coma Scale score. Elderly patients and those with hypoxia or low blood pressure have worse outcomes.
- Radiological factors like obliteration of basal cisterns on CT scan and increased midline shift correlate with elevated intracranial pressure and increased mortality.
- Duration of post-traumatic amnesia is also predictive, with longer periods of amnesia associated with more severe brain injury and worse prognosis.
Stroke
1) A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted, depriving brain cells of oxygen and nutrients. Strokes are medical emergencies that require immediate treatment to minimize damage.
2) The student is working on a project about early stroke diagnosis using deep learning and convolutional neural networks.
3) The blood vessels supplying the brain, called the internal carotids and vertebral arteries, are the parts of the nervous system affected in strokes. Damage depends on where in the brain the stroke occurs.
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Stroke is the third leading cause of death in Malaysia. The document defines stroke, classifies its types, and outlines its diagnosis and management. Key points include that stroke is caused by blocked blood flow to the brain, and risk factors include age, gender, family history, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and high cholesterol. Diagnostic tests include CT/MRI scans and angiograms to determine the cause. Treatment focuses on rehabilitation, managing risk factors, and preventing future strokes.
Presentationon cva
This document discusses the challenges in nursing care for patients experiencing a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke. It begins by defining a CVA as a sudden loss of brain function caused by disrupted blood flow to the brain. The document then covers the types, risk factors, clinical manifestations, investigations, and management of strokes. It emphasizes the nursing priorities of initial treatment to prevent further deterioration, ongoing risk assessment, and interventions to address impaired mobility, vital signs, nutrition, and more. The overall goal of nursing management is to control symptoms, prevent complications, and optimize recovery through a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach.
ischemic stroke
The document provides information about strokes, including:
1) Strokes occur when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or reduced, causing brain cells to die from lack of oxygen and nutrients. There are three main types of stroke: ischemic, hemorrhagic, and TIA.
2) Risk factors for stroke include hypertension, heart disease, high cholesterol, smoking, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, overweight/obesity, blood disorders, excessive alcohol, and certain medications. Symptoms appear suddenly and include confusion, weakness, vision problems, and trouble walking or talking.
3) Diagnosis involves physical exams, blood tests, CT/MRI scans, and other specialized tests. Treatment
CVA
The document provides information about protocols for treating patients exhibiting signs of an acute stroke or CVA. It outlines assessments and tests to determine if a patient is having a stroke, including the Cincinnati Pre-hospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) and Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation (RACE). It describes treating potential underlying causes of stroke symptoms like hypoglycemia. It also notes the differences between primary and comprehensive stroke centers in terms of capabilities for treating patients.
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literature summary of different types of intracranial haemorrhage and their management highlighting relevent or controversial papers
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Cerebrovascular accident refers to a stroke, which occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted. The document discusses the causes, types, symptoms, risk factors, and diagnostic evaluation of strokes. It also summarizes hypertension, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery disease - all of which can increase the risk of strokes if not properly managed.
head injury
1. The document discusses classification and management of traumatic head injuries, including grading severity based on Glasgow Coma Scale and anatomical findings on CT scans.
2. Management involves stabilizing patients through the pre-hospital and hospital phases, monitoring intracranial pressure, and treating to prevent secondary brain injuries using medical and surgical methods like intubation, sedation, osmotherapy, and surgical evacuation of hematomas if needed.
3. The goal of management is to control factors that raise intracranial pressure like hypoxia, hypotension, and cerebral edema in order to maintain adequate cerebral perfusion pressure and optimize outcomes.
Stroke
The document provides information on stroke, including its definition, epidemiology, risk factors, types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, management, and nursing considerations. Stroke is defined as a focal neurological deficit resulting from a disturbance in cerebral blood flow. The main types are ischemic (80%) and hemorrhagic (20%). Risk factors include hypertension, heart disease, smoking, age, and family history. Nursing management focuses on monitoring, mobility, prevention of complications, and rehabilitation.
Icp
This document provides information about neurological nursing related to increased intracranial pressure and head injuries. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the brain, types of head injuries including primary and secondary injuries, complications such as hematomas, and management of increased ICP. Nursing assessments, diagnoses, and interventions are also reviewed, including monitoring for signs of increased ICP, maintaining airway and breathing, preventing injury, and using the Glasgow Coma Scale to assess level of consciousness.
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This document provides guidance on caring for patients with head injuries. It discusses assessing neurological status, managing blood pressure/volume, oxygenation, temperature, seizures, nutrition, positioning, bladder/bowel care, minimizing stimulation, safety, rehabilitation, and educating family members. Key aspects include monitoring vital signs, avoiding hypotension, maintaining oxygen levels, managing ICP rise through osmotherapy, keeping the patient normothermic, starting early rehabilitation, and supporting family members through the recovery process.
Stroke presentation
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States and worldwide. There are three main types of stroke: ischemic (caused by blockage), hemorrhagic (caused by bleeding), and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs or mini-strokes). Symptoms appear suddenly and without warning, and include numbness, confusion, trouble seeing or speaking. Prompt medical treatment is crucial. Diagnostic tests help determine the type and location of damage. Treatment depends on stroke type but may include clot-busting drugs or surgery to repair blood vessels. Rehabilitation is important for recovery. Risk can be reduced by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and managing medical conditions like high blood pressure.
Cnv disorders
1. The document discusses nervous system disorders including intracranial pressure, components of the brain, causes of increased ICP, signs and symptoms, investigations, and management of increased ICP including drug therapy and nursing care.
2. It also covers topics such as stroke, including types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis using FAST test, treatment including thrombolysis and antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs, and nursing care to monitor patients and prevent complications.
3. Finally, it briefly discusses meningitis as an inflammation of the lining around the brain and spinal cord often caused by bacteria or viruses.
Debate: Neurocritical Care Improves Outcomes in Severe TBI
Martin Smith and Mark Wilson debate whether neurocritical care improves outcomes in severe TBI.
Martin argues in favour of neurocritical care.
He concedes that longstanding and established practices are not as efficacious or innocuous as previously believed.
Very few specific interventions have been shown to improve outcomes in large randomised controlled trials. With the possible exception of avoidance of hypotension and hypoxaemia, most are based on analysis of physiology and pathophysiology.
Further, the substantial temporal and regional pathophysiological heterogeneity after TBI means that some interventions may be ineffective, unnecessary, or even harmful in certain patients at certain times.
Martin however, contends that improved understanding of pathophysiology and advances in neuromonitoring and imaging techniques have led to more effective and individualised treatment strategies. Ultimately, this has led to improved outcomes for patients.
In particular, the sole goal of identifying and treating intracranial hypertension has been superseded by a focus on the prevention of secondary brain insults. This is done by using a systematic, stepwise approach to maintenance of adequate cerebral perfusion and oxygenation.
Similarly, multimodal neuromonitoring also gives clinicians confidence to withhold potentially dangerous therapy. Particuarly in those with no evidence of brain ischemia/hypoxia or metabolic disturbance.
Mark Wilson on the other hand argues there is no benefit in neurocritical care following severe TBI.
The New England Journal of Medicine has published several articles that demonstrate no benefit from classic neurotrauma interventions (ICP monitoring, cooling, decompression). This is because factors such as ICP and CPP associate with bad outcomes by association rather than causation.
This debate will demonstrate that critical care just complicates things. Evidently, it is high time for the randomised trial between the very best neurocritical care and NOB therapy (Naso-pharyngeal, Oxygen and a Blanket).
Join Martin and Mark as they discuss the pros and cons of neurocritical care in the management of severe TBI.
For more like this, head to our podcast page. #CodaPodcast
Cerebrovascular disease / KFU- 2.1
A 62-year-old man experienced a temporary episode of aphasia while giving a speech, as well as previous episodes of double vision. He had undergone mitral valve replacement two years prior and was being treated with anticoagulants. The episodes were likely caused by small pieces of thrombus breaking off from his prosthetic heart valve and blocking blood flow to parts of his brain (TIAs). Insufficient anticoagulation treatment likely led to the formation of the thrombi. The aphasia was caused by disruption of blood flow to the language processing areas of his left brain.
Acute brain attack 911
The document provides guidelines for diagnosing and managing different types and severities of acute brain attacks or strokes. It discusses classifying strokes as TIA, mild, moderate or severe based on symptoms. For TIA and mild strokes, the guidelines recommend emergent diagnostic tests like CT scan and treating conditions like high blood pressure. For moderate strokes, the priorities are supportive care, monitoring vitals, diagnostics like blood tests and CT scan. The guidelines provide recommendations for diagnosing the type of stroke and identifying underlying causes through further diagnostic testing.
Cerebrovascular disease.ppt
This document summarizes information about yoga for cerebrovascular disease or stroke. It begins by defining stroke and its causes, then discusses the signs, symptoms, and modern medical treatments. It notes that yoga can help with stroke rehabilitation by improving flexibility, strength, and reducing stress. Specific yoga poses and practices are recommended for recovery from and prevention of stroke.
Approach to TIA/ CVA
The document discusses the approach to transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke. It provides definitions of TIA and acute stroke, and classifications of stroke. It also reviews epidemiological data on stroke from Malaysia, clinical features of different types of stroke, etiologies, investigations and management of acute ischemic stroke.
Head injury
1) Management of acute traumatic head injury involves evaluating the patient using the Glasgow Coma Scale and performing a CT scan to determine the type and severity of injury.
2) Treatment depends on factors such as intracranial pressure and includes measures to control ventilation, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and reduce swelling in the brain.
3) Prognosis is influenced by age, severity of injury based on Glasgow Coma Scale, and presence of hypotension or hypoxia - all of which can be potentially controlled or mitigated through rapid evaluation and treatment.
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Debate: Neurocritical Care Improves Outcomes in Severe TBI
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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is bleeding within the brain tissue. The document discusses the causes, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and management of ICH. The major causes are hypertension and vascular abnormalities like aneurysms. Clinical features depend on the location of bleeding and may include altered consciousness, headache, vomiting and focal neurological deficits. CT scan is the primary imaging method to detect ICH. Prognosis depends on factors like hematoma size, location and growth. Management involves controlling blood pressure, treating the underlying cause and complications.
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Bengin intracranial hypertension.pptx
Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH), also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension or pseudotumor cerebri, is characterized by increased intracranial pressure without a tumor or other identifiable cause. Common symptoms include headache, nausea, visual disturbances, and papilledema which can cause vision loss if untreated. While the exact cause is unknown, theories include excess CSF production, increased blood flow to the brain, or impaired venous drainage from the brain. Treatment involves weight loss, medications like acetazolamide, and sometimes surgical procedures to relieve pressure like optic nerve sheath fenestration or CSF shunting.
begnin intracranial hypertension.pptx
Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH), also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension or pseudotumor cerebri, is characterized by increased intracranial pressure without a tumor or other identifiable cause. Common symptoms include headache, nausea, visual disturbances, and papilledema which can cause vision loss if untreated. While the exact cause is unknown, theories include excess CSF production, increased blood flow to the brain, or impaired venous drainage from the brain. Treatment involves weight loss, medications like acetazolamide, and sometimes surgical procedures to relieve pressure like optic nerve sheath fenestration or CSF shunting.
Cva (cerebro vascular accident)
CVA (cerebrovascular accident), also known as stroke, and TIA (transient ischemic attack) are disruptions in blood flow to the brain. A CVA is caused by ischemia or hemorrhage in the brain and results in cell death, while a TIA's disruption is temporary without cell death. Risk factors include atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac issues, and diabetes. Symptoms depend on the location and size of the affected area but may include paralysis, impaired speech/vision, and sensory changes. Treatment focuses on prevention by controlling risk factors and potentially using blood thinners. Nursing care revolves around monitoring for complications and maximizing recovery of functions.
Anoxic brain injury and braindeath info for patient's families
This document discusses anoxic brain injury caused by cardiac arrest. It defines anoxic brain injury as occurring when the brain does not receive enough oxygen, usually after the heart stops pumping. It outlines that the brain can become irreversibly damaged after only 4 minutes without blood supply. The document describes how clinicians use tests such as CT scans and those measuring brain electrical activity to determine the severity of brain damage following cardiac arrest. It also explains that the prognosis for most patients is poor, with predictors being older age, multiple pre-existing diseases, a long duration of cardiac arrest, and an unwitnessed cardiac arrest.
Carotid artery disease
I am a Neurosurgeon with advanced training in Interventional vascular Neurosurgery(FINR) from Zurich, Switzerland, and FMINS-Fellowship in minimally invasive and Endoscopic Neurosurgery from Germany.
I am presently working in Columbia asia hospitals, Bangalore.
My areas of interest are Vascular Neurosurgery, Stroke specialist, interventional neuroradiology, Endoscopic and minimally invasive Neurosurgery, Endoscopic spine surgery.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
This document describes a case of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in a 20-year-old female patient who presented with worsening headache, nausea, dizziness, and blurred vision. It provides details on her medical history, physical exam findings, lab and imaging results. CVT is an uncommon type of stroke more common in young individuals. Risk factors include genetic thrombophilias, acquired conditions like pregnancy/puerperium and cancer. Clinical symptoms vary depending on increased intracranial pressure or focal brain injury. Management involves anticoagulation to stop thrombotic process along with supportive care. Outcomes range from full recovery in 80% of patients to mortality in 6-20% depending on severity of presentation
neurological disoder and sign symptoms causes
The document discusses neurological disorders and provides details about cerebrovascular accidents (strokes). It describes the blood supply to the brain from arteries like the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. There are two main types of strokes - ischemic caused by blockage and hemorrhagic caused by bleeding. Symptoms can include weakness, difficulty speaking, and vision issues. Diagnosis involves scans and tests of the blood. Treatment depends on the type but may include clot-busting drugs or surgery. Lifestyle changes can help prevent strokes by maintaining healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
Management of head injury
This document provides an overview of the management of head injuries. It defines head injury as damage to the head from impact and classifies injuries as closed or open, diffuse or focal. The pathophysiology section explains how small increases in intracranial volume can raise pressure dramatically. Presentation may include altered consciousness, bleeding, seizures or vomiting. Investigations include CT scans to detect fractures or bleeds. Treatment focuses on preventing secondary injuries like hypoxia, controlling pressure, and maintaining perfusion and nutrition. Follow-up is needed as some patients with mild injuries may later develop complications.
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
This document provides information about idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), including its symptoms, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. IIH is characterized by increased intracranial pressure without a tumor or other identifiable cause. Common symptoms include headache, nausea, visual disturbances, and papilledema. The main risk factors are obesity, particularly in women of childbearing age. The cause is unknown but may involve increased cerebrospinal fluid production or impaired cerebral venous drainage. Diagnosis involves evaluating signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and ruling out other potential causes through imaging and lumbar puncture.
Stroke
This document provides information about strokes, including types, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses the two main types of strokes: ischemic, caused by blockage of blood vessels in the brain, and hemorrhagic, caused by bleeding in the brain. Symptoms of stroke can include weakness, numbness, vision problems, dizziness, and confusion. Risk factors include age, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and family history. Diagnosis involves physical exams, imaging tests like CT scans and MRIs, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on preventing future strokes through medications like blood thinners, statins, and blood pressure medications as well as rehabilitation therapies.
Intracranial bleeding
Intracranial bleeding encompasses all bleeds that may occur within the cranial cavity including Epidural, Subdural, Sub arachnoid, intraparenchymal and Intraventricular haemorrhages. all are discussed in these slides and relevant references are provided for detailed information.
It is important to note that medicine is not learnt online but through series of organised events under specialised supervision in recognised institutions of learning.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage - Classification, Clinical symptoms, Diagnostics
An intracerebral hemorrhage occurs when a blood vessel ruptures within the brain tissue, causing blood to accumulate and form a hematoma. The most common causes are hypertension, brain aneurysms, and head trauma. Symptoms include sudden severe headache, vomiting, weakness, and loss of consciousness. Diagnosis is typically made through CT scan or MRI, which show the location and size of the hemorrhage. Treatment aims to control blood pressure, reduce swelling, and in some cases surgically remove the blood clot. Complications can include neurological deficits, seizures, and death, with mortality rates around 50% within one month.
CVA BY DR.Manoj.pptx
Cerebrovascular Accident or stroke is defined as an abrupt onset of neurological deficit caused by a focal vascular issue. Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The clinical manifestations of stroke can vary widely due to the complex anatomy of the brain and vasculature. Imaging such as CT and MRI are used to determine if the cause is ischemia or hemorrhage. Treatment focuses on rapid evaluation, managing risk factors, IV thrombolysis if appropriate, and rehabilitation to prevent complications and encourage recovery.
C.08a-Diagnosis-and-Treatment-of-Acute-Ischemic-Stroke-Presentation-ppt.pptx
1. The document discusses the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke. It outlines the time windows for treatment with intravenous thrombolysis, which is most effective within 4.5 hours of symptom onset.
2. Early diagnosis is critical in stroke care due to the concept of "time is brain". Delays in treatment can lead to further neuronal damage and worse outcomes. The goals are to perform a CT scan within 20 minutes of arrival and initiate thrombolysis within 60 minutes.
3. Post-thrombolytic management focuses on monitoring for hemorrhagic complications and providing supportive care to reduce disability from the stroke.
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Anoxic brain injury and braindeath info for patient's families
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Intracerebral hemorrhage info for patients and families
- 1. Intracerebral Hemorrhage : Information for patients and families Vancouver General Hospital Intensive Care Unit Myp Sekhon MD Clinical Instructor, Staff Intensivist Vancouver General Hospital Division of Critical Care Medicine University of British Columbia
- 2. Outline Definition Causes Diagnosis Imaging Management Prognosis Definition An “intracerebral hemorrhage” is a bleed inside the brain that causes damage to the brain and surrounding structures Normal Brain Swelling around bleed Bleed inside brain
- 3. Outline Definition Causes Diagnosis Imaging Management Prognosis Causes – why did this bleed happen High blood pressure (hypertension) is the most common cause of this type of bleed Other less common causes include: •Trauma •Drugs •Blood thinners •Cancer •Abnormal blood vessels •Aneurysm or other less common problems
- 4. Outline Definition Etiologies Diagnosis Imaging Management Prognosis Diagnosis – how do we find out? A CT scan is able to show the presence of a bleed Sometimes, a detailed exam of the brain’s blood vessels (angiogram) is done to rule out diseases of the vessels (aneurysm etc.) Angiogram
- 5. Outline Definition Etiologies Diagnosis Imaging Management Prognosis Diagnosis - Imaging A bleed deep within the brain – characteristic of high blood pressure
- 6. Outline Definition Etiologies Diagnosis Imaging Management Prognosis Treatment Establish a cause •High blood pressure is the most common cause but some patients may need further tests Medical treatment •Blood pressure control – we use medications to control the BP to prevent another bleed •Ensure the patient’s blood is not thin •Often, we need to sedate patients with medications to allow the brain to heal •If patient’s are sedated then we assist their breathing with a machine (ventilator) Surgery •Surgery may be required but also comes with risks
- 7. Outline Definition Etiologies Diagnosis Imaging Management Prognosis Prognosis Predicting an outcome can be difficult, however, certain factors may help Factors associated with a bad outcome: •Older age •Previous multiple diseases (diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease, strokes etc) •Previous dependant functioning •Size of the original bleed •Decreased level of consciousness after the bleed •Location of the bleed •If the bleed occurs in vital areas of the brain, the outcome is usually worse
- 8. Outline Definition Etiologies Diagnosis Imaging Management Prognosis Questions Ask us! That’s what we are here for! VGH Intensive Care