70% of RTA patients have head injury(HI).
One of the most important public health problems of today.
70% of deaths in RTA are due to HI.
At Risk population
Males 15-24
Infants
Young Children
Elderly
The most common cause of death in young is non other than Head injury. The modern advances not only gave human mankind a luxury but with high velocity injury there is high burden of head injury too. This slide is updated with BTF 2016 guideline
70% of RTA patients have head injury(HI).
One of the most important public health problems of today.
70% of deaths in RTA are due to HI.
At Risk population
Males 15-24
Infants
Young Children
Elderly
The most common cause of death in young is non other than Head injury. The modern advances not only gave human mankind a luxury but with high velocity injury there is high burden of head injury too. This slide is updated with BTF 2016 guideline
This is a lecture by Dr. Mark Rosner from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
"Trouma" is not a term or concept that I am familiar with. It's possible that you might be referring to something specific or using a term from a different context. Could you please provide more information or clarify your question?
There have been significant developments in the diagnosis and management of ischaemic stroke.
This started with trials showing a benefit for decompressive craniectomy after a malignant hemispheric stroke in patients under 60 undergoing surgery within 48 hours.
The evolution of CT and MRI have enabled us to better image not only the ischaemic core of the stroke, but also the surrounding hypo-perfused brain at risk of ischaemic death; the penumbra. CT and MR angiography now allow rapid, non-invasive detection of occlusions in the major neck and intracranial arterial vessels.
These techniques are key to the appropriate selection of patients for therapeutic interventions aiming at rapid and effective arterial recanalisation to restore blood flow. Intravenous thrombolysis with rt-PA is effective if given early and no later than 4.5 hours. The benefit of intravenous thrombolysis for patients with severe stroke due to large artery occlusion is limited but these patients may be candidates for mechanical thrombectomy. Since 2014, several trials have confirmed the effectiveness of thrombectomy for patients with anterior circulation artery occlusion with a number needed to treat of less than 3 for improved functional outcome. Two recent trials have also shown that in selected patients, the benefit of thrombectomy extends to at least 24 hours, increasing the number of patients eligible to receive this treatment.
The rate of intravenous thrombolysis remains low in many Australian centres, especially in regional areas and only a few metropolitan centres provide a thrombectomy service. With the recent expansion of the time window, the logistics of patients being transferred to these centers has improved but good selection of patients with advanced imaging is a prerequisite to ensure that health resources are used efficiently.
There is a need to improve health services to better manage stroke patients in Australia and worldwide. This has the potential to improve outcome for stroke victims.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
ISI 2024: Application Form (Extended), Exam Date (Out), EligibilitySciAstra
The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) has extended its application deadline for 2024 admissions to April 2. Known for its excellence in statistics and related fields, ISI offers a range of programs from Bachelor's to Junior Research Fellowships. The admission test is scheduled for May 12, 2024. Eligibility varies by program, generally requiring a background in Mathematics and English for undergraduate courses and specific degrees for postgraduate and research positions. Application fees are ₹1500 for male general category applicants and ₹1000 for females. Applications are open to Indian and OCI candidates.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
3. Incidence of Head Injury Indian
Scenario....
• 1.5 to 2 million persons are injured
• 1 million succumb to death every year in
India.
Neurol Res. 2002 Jan;24(1):24-8.
Epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries: Indian scenario.
Gururaj G1
18. Radiologic examination
• CT scan
– required in ALL cases EXCEPT:
• LOC is brief
AND
• patient can be serially examined
– lesions
• focal--epidural, subdural hematoma,
contusions
• diffuse--diffuse axonal injury
• Plain films
– useful only to detect skull fracture but in the trauma
setting wastes time
21. Indication of surgery
• EDH more than 30 cc clot
• SDH more than 1 cm thickness
• ICH more than 30 CC
• Compound depressed fractures
• Any deterioration of GCS by 2, from the time
of admission even with lesser volume of clot
• Increased intra cranial pressure
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28. Hyper acute management in the ICU
• Initial
– Intubation if unresponsive or combative to give
controlled ventilation
– pharmacologic paralysis
• after neurologic exam is completed
– Blood pressure and O2 saturation monitoring
• keep systolic > 90 mm Hg
• 100% O2 saturation
29. ICP monitoring
• Indications
– severe head injury (GCS < 9)
• abnormal head CT
or
• Coma >6 hrs
– Intracranial hematoma requiring evacuation
– Delayed neurologic deterioration from mild to
moderate (GCS>9) to severe (GCS < 8)
– Requirement for prolonged ventilation
– Pulmonary injury, surgery etc.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34. Measures to reduce ICP
• Hyper osmolar therapy
mannitol, 3% NACL, Glycerol
Decompressive craniectomy
Ventilation with paralysing agent
35. ICU management goals
• O2 saturation 100%
• Mean arterial pressure 90-110 mm Hg
• ICP < 20 mm Hg
• Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP=MAP-ICP)
>70 mm Hg
37. Icu adjuncts
• HCT~ 30-33%
• PaCO2= 35±2 mm Hg
• CVP= 8-14 mm Hg
• avoid dextrose IV
• maintain euthermia or mild hypothermia
38. Other issues
• DVT prophylaxis
• Antibiotics
• Anti epileptics
• Nutrition
39. Factors Influencing Prognosis
• Age
– Younger pts have greatest potential for survival and
recovery
– 61-75% mortality if over 65
– 90% mortality in elderly with ICP >20 and coma for more
than 3 days
– 100% mortality if GCS < 5, uni- or bilateral dilated pupils,
and age over 75
40. • survival and recovery not
predictable except in old pts
• Treat presuming recovery
41. Factors Influencing Prognosis
• Hypotension--50% increase in mortality with
single episode of hypotension
• Hypoxia
• Delay in treatment
– prolonged transport
– surgical delay when lateralizing signs present
Potentially controllable!!