Interpreters play a key role in humanitarian settings by facilitating communication between aid workers and people in need who do not speak the same language. There are four main types of interpretation: consecutive interpretation, where the interpreter translates one section at a time; summary interpretation, which provides a condensed version; verbatim interpretation, which aims for a word-for-word translation; and simultaneous interpretation, where the interpreter translates simultaneously. Interpreters must maintain neutrality, accuracy, and confidentiality to effectively help humanitarian organizations provide assistance to vulnerable populations.
The document provides historical background on interpreting. It discusses how interpreting dates back 3000 BC in Ancient Egypt, and was used in Ancient Greece and Rome when Latin served as the lingua franca until the 17th century. Factors like religion, exploration, and international conferences expanded interpreting. There are two main types - conference interpreting using booths and headphones, and liaison interpreting working with immigrants. Status and role of interpreters depends on social norms and the clients they serve. Bilinguals, aides, and community interpreters also facilitate language transfer in different contexts.
This document discusses the differences between interpreting and translation. Interpreting involves orally communicating the exact meaning and tone of a spoken message between languages, either simultaneously or consecutively. Interpreters must bridge cultural gaps without resources, while translators can research when working with written text. Effective interpreting requires linguistic and cultural knowledge, background information, language skills, and adherence to codes of ethics like impartiality and active listening.
These slides covers;
- A glance at its history
- Differences between interpreting and translation
- Types of interpreting
- Types of interpreting in terms of the context used
- Common types of specialized translation
- Categories of Translation:
- Interpreter ethics
This document provides an introduction to translation and interpretation. It defines key terms like translation, interpretation, source language and target language. It distinguishes between translation and interpretation, noting that translation involves written text while interpretation can be simultaneous or consecutive. It also outlines some of the necessary skills, fields of specialization, challenges and rewards of working as a translator or interpreter. The document concludes by discussing requirements for training and contact information for further information.
This document discusses the pedagogical uses and debates around using translation in foreign language teaching. It outlines arguments both for and against translation, including that translation can help relate a new language to one already known but may also interfere with natural language learning. Current issues discussed include the cultural aspects of translation and how corpus studies examine real translations. Globalization is noted as dramatically changing translation's role in the modern world.
This document discusses pedagogical uses of translation and current issues in the field. It addresses how translation has historically been used to teach foreign languages, but was opposed by some who felt it interfered with natural language learning. However, cognitive views now support translation as a learning resource. The document also discusses translation as intercultural communication, methods for studying the translation process, using corpus studies to analyze translations, and the role of translation in globalization.
Spanish-English translation of “100 Años de Historia y de Cuentos” with trans...Yhoshira Mis
This research proposal outlines a project to translate a Spanish text called "100 Años de Historia y de Cuentos" into English. The translation will be accompanied by techniques used in the process. The objectives are to make Quintana Roo's culture more well known to English speakers and to demonstrate the researcher's translation skills. A literature review will discuss definitions of translation, its history, techniques and the role of translators. The methodology will describe the text as literary, the dictionaries and other tools used, and the translation process of multiple drafts and reviews. The conclusion is that the English translation will help Quintana Roo's culture reach new audiences and support the researcher's career as a translator.
Lawrence Venuti is an American translation theorist and translator who discusses two main approaches to translation: domestication and foreignization. Domestication aims to minimize foreign elements and translate in a fluent, transparent style aligned with target language cultural values. Foreignization maintains the foreignness of the source text by applying non-fluent translation methods that apply estranging pressure on target language norms and values to register linguistic and cultural differences. Venuti advocates for foreignization and "resistency" to protect source texts from ideological dominance of the target culture.
The document provides historical background on interpreting. It discusses how interpreting dates back 3000 BC in Ancient Egypt, and was used in Ancient Greece and Rome when Latin served as the lingua franca until the 17th century. Factors like religion, exploration, and international conferences expanded interpreting. There are two main types - conference interpreting using booths and headphones, and liaison interpreting working with immigrants. Status and role of interpreters depends on social norms and the clients they serve. Bilinguals, aides, and community interpreters also facilitate language transfer in different contexts.
This document discusses the differences between interpreting and translation. Interpreting involves orally communicating the exact meaning and tone of a spoken message between languages, either simultaneously or consecutively. Interpreters must bridge cultural gaps without resources, while translators can research when working with written text. Effective interpreting requires linguistic and cultural knowledge, background information, language skills, and adherence to codes of ethics like impartiality and active listening.
These slides covers;
- A glance at its history
- Differences between interpreting and translation
- Types of interpreting
- Types of interpreting in terms of the context used
- Common types of specialized translation
- Categories of Translation:
- Interpreter ethics
This document provides an introduction to translation and interpretation. It defines key terms like translation, interpretation, source language and target language. It distinguishes between translation and interpretation, noting that translation involves written text while interpretation can be simultaneous or consecutive. It also outlines some of the necessary skills, fields of specialization, challenges and rewards of working as a translator or interpreter. The document concludes by discussing requirements for training and contact information for further information.
This document discusses the pedagogical uses and debates around using translation in foreign language teaching. It outlines arguments both for and against translation, including that translation can help relate a new language to one already known but may also interfere with natural language learning. Current issues discussed include the cultural aspects of translation and how corpus studies examine real translations. Globalization is noted as dramatically changing translation's role in the modern world.
This document discusses pedagogical uses of translation and current issues in the field. It addresses how translation has historically been used to teach foreign languages, but was opposed by some who felt it interfered with natural language learning. However, cognitive views now support translation as a learning resource. The document also discusses translation as intercultural communication, methods for studying the translation process, using corpus studies to analyze translations, and the role of translation in globalization.
Spanish-English translation of “100 Años de Historia y de Cuentos” with trans...Yhoshira Mis
This research proposal outlines a project to translate a Spanish text called "100 Años de Historia y de Cuentos" into English. The translation will be accompanied by techniques used in the process. The objectives are to make Quintana Roo's culture more well known to English speakers and to demonstrate the researcher's translation skills. A literature review will discuss definitions of translation, its history, techniques and the role of translators. The methodology will describe the text as literary, the dictionaries and other tools used, and the translation process of multiple drafts and reviews. The conclusion is that the English translation will help Quintana Roo's culture reach new audiences and support the researcher's career as a translator.
Lawrence Venuti is an American translation theorist and translator who discusses two main approaches to translation: domestication and foreignization. Domestication aims to minimize foreign elements and translate in a fluent, transparent style aligned with target language cultural values. Foreignization maintains the foreignness of the source text by applying non-fluent translation methods that apply estranging pressure on target language norms and values to register linguistic and cultural differences. Venuti advocates for foreignization and "resistency" to protect source texts from ideological dominance of the target culture.
Unhcr training on consecutive interpretingmarisensy
This document provides training materials for interpreters working with refugees in Bulgaria. It includes an introduction to interpreting in a refugee context from UNHCR, guidelines for working with children, frequently asked questions about the 1951 Refugee Convention, refugee terminology, statistics on asylum seekers and refugees in Bulgaria from 1993-2003, information on UNHCR's refugee program and impact in Bulgaria over the past 10 years, and a link to the UNHCR Representation in Sofia website. The training aims to develop interpreters' understanding of the specific requirements of interpreting in a refugee context, with emphasis on the importance of high-quality interpretation in refugee status determination processes.
There are two main types of interpreting: simultaneous and consecutive. Simultaneous interpreting involves interpreting speech in real-time, while consecutive interpreting involves interpreting after periods of speech. Other types include whispered, telephone, community, conference, healthcare, and sign language interpreting. Each type has distinct characteristics and uses in different settings.
Working with an Interpreter in a Mental Health Setting National Hispanic & La...Cecily Rodriguez
This document discusses best practices for working with interpreters in mental health settings. It emphasizes the importance of using trained interpreters, as untrained interpreters can introduce errors that negatively impact patient care and outcomes. Trained interpreters understand techniques like interpreting consecutively and maintaining impartiality. The document provides guidance for clinicians on communicating effectively with interpreters before, during, and after sessions to facilitate accurate interpretation while considering cultural factors. Strategies include preparing interpreters in advance, speaking one topic at a time, and clarifying any unclear interpretations.
This document provides an overview of mediation skills and activities in language teaching. It discusses mediation as one of the four language teaching activities along with reception, production, and interaction. Mediation involves reformulating information from one language to another or from one form to another, such as translating, interpreting, summarizing, or paraphrasing. The document outlines the differences between oral and written mediation and strategies for mediation activities. It also discusses translation and summarizing as two specific mediation activities, providing details on how to incorporate them into language teaching.
Oral communication involves the exchange of ideas between two or more people through speech and language. It allows individuals to carry out daily tasks, develop as people, and integrate into social life. Some key features of oral communication include that it is bidirectional, with participants alternating between transmitting and receiving roles, and fleeting, requiring transmitters and receivers to occupy the same space at the time of communication. The basic elements involved are a transmitter who generates the message, a receiver who understands and interprets it, the message itself, the channel of communication like speech, and a shared language code.
Communication is the process of transferring information from a sender to a receiver. It involves the sender encoding a message, selecting a channel to transmit the message through, potential noise that can interfere, and the receiver decoding the message. For communication to be effective, the sender must consider the receiver's characteristics and obtain feedback to ensure the message was understood. Miscommunication can occur if any part of the process, such as the sender, message, channel, or receiver, is impaired.
Conference interpreting involves orally translating discussions between speakers of different languages, such as at international meetings. Conference interpreters must be fluent in multiple languages, have excellent memory and concentration, be able to understand complex topics quickly, and be comfortable traveling. Judicial interpreting involves translating legal documents and court proceedings. Escort interpreting provides simultaneous translation for small group meetings over extended periods of time, such as business trips. Public sector interpreting, also called community interpreting, translates in social services settings like healthcare, education, and local government. Sign language interpreting orally translates between speakers of sign languages and spoken languages. Medical interpreting specifically facilitates communication between medical professionals and patients who speak different languages.
1. There are four main types of context in discourse analysis: situational context, which considers the physical location and circumstances of a conversation; cultural context, which accounts for the cultural backgrounds and customs that influence language use; cognitive context, which involves the thoughts, beliefs, knowledge, and perspectives that speakers and listeners bring to a discussion; and social context, which examines the social relationships between participants in a conversation and how these relationships shape their interactions.
2. Situational context looks at elements like location, time, and the nature of the interaction. Cultural context analyzes the historical and social norms that are part of a language community. Cognitive context deals with the mental processes, knowledge, and views that language users actively apply
This document defines communication and describes the basic elements and types of communication. It discusses verbal and non-verbal communication. It also outlines the communication cycle involving a sender, message, medium, and receiver. Feedback is identified as the final stage. Barriers to effective communication are also defined, including physical, psychological, language/semantic, organizational structure, and cross-cultural barriers.
This document discusses communication skills and effective communication. It defines communication and outlines some key characteristics, including that communication is a two-way process involving the exchange of information between a sender and receiver. It also discusses communication models and breakdowns in communication. Some factors that influence effective communication are linguistic factors, psychological factors, social/cultural factors, and environmental factors. Stylistics is then defined as the study of variations in language style according to the situation and the intended effect on the audience. There are two main types of language variations: variations according to the user (such as dialects and accents) and variations according to use (such as registers defined by field of discourse).
This document discusses various types of interpretation and provides definitions of key terms. It outlines 7 main types of interpretation: simultaneous interpretation, consecutive interpretation, guide/escort interpretation, sign language interpretation, sight interpretation, telephone interpretation, and whispered interpretation. It also defines translation versus interpretation, and describes translation terms like source language, target language, native language, fluent language, and working language. The document concludes by outlining elements of the code of ethics for interpreters, including accuracy, confidentiality, impartiality, knowledge, education, professionalism, discretion, and respect.
Interpreting involves presenting the exact meaning and tone of a speaker's message either simultaneously or consecutively between languages. It bridges cultural gaps between participants and removes language barriers to allow for mutual understanding. Interpreting differs from translation in that interpreters work orally while translators work in writing, and interpreters do not have access to reference materials during interpretation. Interpretation can be done consecutively, with time delays between the spoken message and interpretation, or simultaneously through headphones in a soundproof booth. Good interpreters require linguistic and cultural knowledge as well as interpreting skills, and must adhere to codes of ethics around preparation, impartiality, and self-evaluation.
Types of Speech Context-(Module 2.2).pptxStewartHamac
This document discusses different types of speech context:
1. Intrapersonal communication refers to communication within oneself where the speaker is both the sender and receiver of the message.
2. Interpersonal communication occurs between two or small groups of people to establish personal relationships.
3. Public speaking involves one speaker addressing a large audience.
4. Mass communication is carried out using mass media technology.
5. Intercultural communication is the exchange of concepts between people of different cultures.
This document outlines the syllabus for a sight translation course. It discusses different types of interpreting, including consecutive, simultaneous, and liaison interpreting. Sight translation is described as translating a written text orally, combining elements of written translation and interpreting. The course will focus on improving oral translation skills and analyzing translations. Students will practice translating current events, work in groups, and record individual sentence translations for analysis. Evaluation will consist of writing reports transcribing and analyzing class translations.
Translation Equivalence of Person Reference found in the Subtitle of Harry Po...Eny Parina
The document provides background on translation and discusses theories related to subtitling. It compares the pronoun systems of English and Indonesian, noting differences in personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and possessive pronouns. The chapter then analyzes examples of person reference from the subtitles of "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" based on translation theory, discussing how pronouns such as him, my, we, and sir are translated between English and Indonesian.
Interpreters enable cross-cultural communication by converting one language to another while understanding concepts and ideas between languages. They must thoroughly understand subject matter to accurately translate information and be sensitive to associated cultures. Students can prepare by taking foreign language and computer courses, spending time abroad, engaging with foreign cultures, and extensive reading. Formal interpreting programs are available, but experience through internships or apprenticeships is also important for building skills. Interpreters must pay close attention, understand both languages clearly, and express thoughts accurately with strong research, analytical, and memory skills.
Interpreting is said to be the sixth language skill it is one of the complex skills, as learners need all the four simplex language skills(listening, speaking, reading, and writing) so that they can interpret texts from one language into the other.
The document provides information on different sources of information that can be used in everyday life, including news reports, informative talks, panel discussions, and speeches. It discusses the purpose and structure of news reports, characteristics of informative talks, the format and components of panel discussions, and examples of each. The document also provides questions to help process each type of information source and understand how the information could be used.
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Unhcr training on consecutive interpretingmarisensy
This document provides training materials for interpreters working with refugees in Bulgaria. It includes an introduction to interpreting in a refugee context from UNHCR, guidelines for working with children, frequently asked questions about the 1951 Refugee Convention, refugee terminology, statistics on asylum seekers and refugees in Bulgaria from 1993-2003, information on UNHCR's refugee program and impact in Bulgaria over the past 10 years, and a link to the UNHCR Representation in Sofia website. The training aims to develop interpreters' understanding of the specific requirements of interpreting in a refugee context, with emphasis on the importance of high-quality interpretation in refugee status determination processes.
There are two main types of interpreting: simultaneous and consecutive. Simultaneous interpreting involves interpreting speech in real-time, while consecutive interpreting involves interpreting after periods of speech. Other types include whispered, telephone, community, conference, healthcare, and sign language interpreting. Each type has distinct characteristics and uses in different settings.
Working with an Interpreter in a Mental Health Setting National Hispanic & La...Cecily Rodriguez
This document discusses best practices for working with interpreters in mental health settings. It emphasizes the importance of using trained interpreters, as untrained interpreters can introduce errors that negatively impact patient care and outcomes. Trained interpreters understand techniques like interpreting consecutively and maintaining impartiality. The document provides guidance for clinicians on communicating effectively with interpreters before, during, and after sessions to facilitate accurate interpretation while considering cultural factors. Strategies include preparing interpreters in advance, speaking one topic at a time, and clarifying any unclear interpretations.
This document provides an overview of mediation skills and activities in language teaching. It discusses mediation as one of the four language teaching activities along with reception, production, and interaction. Mediation involves reformulating information from one language to another or from one form to another, such as translating, interpreting, summarizing, or paraphrasing. The document outlines the differences between oral and written mediation and strategies for mediation activities. It also discusses translation and summarizing as two specific mediation activities, providing details on how to incorporate them into language teaching.
Oral communication involves the exchange of ideas between two or more people through speech and language. It allows individuals to carry out daily tasks, develop as people, and integrate into social life. Some key features of oral communication include that it is bidirectional, with participants alternating between transmitting and receiving roles, and fleeting, requiring transmitters and receivers to occupy the same space at the time of communication. The basic elements involved are a transmitter who generates the message, a receiver who understands and interprets it, the message itself, the channel of communication like speech, and a shared language code.
Communication is the process of transferring information from a sender to a receiver. It involves the sender encoding a message, selecting a channel to transmit the message through, potential noise that can interfere, and the receiver decoding the message. For communication to be effective, the sender must consider the receiver's characteristics and obtain feedback to ensure the message was understood. Miscommunication can occur if any part of the process, such as the sender, message, channel, or receiver, is impaired.
Conference interpreting involves orally translating discussions between speakers of different languages, such as at international meetings. Conference interpreters must be fluent in multiple languages, have excellent memory and concentration, be able to understand complex topics quickly, and be comfortable traveling. Judicial interpreting involves translating legal documents and court proceedings. Escort interpreting provides simultaneous translation for small group meetings over extended periods of time, such as business trips. Public sector interpreting, also called community interpreting, translates in social services settings like healthcare, education, and local government. Sign language interpreting orally translates between speakers of sign languages and spoken languages. Medical interpreting specifically facilitates communication between medical professionals and patients who speak different languages.
1. There are four main types of context in discourse analysis: situational context, which considers the physical location and circumstances of a conversation; cultural context, which accounts for the cultural backgrounds and customs that influence language use; cognitive context, which involves the thoughts, beliefs, knowledge, and perspectives that speakers and listeners bring to a discussion; and social context, which examines the social relationships between participants in a conversation and how these relationships shape their interactions.
2. Situational context looks at elements like location, time, and the nature of the interaction. Cultural context analyzes the historical and social norms that are part of a language community. Cognitive context deals with the mental processes, knowledge, and views that language users actively apply
This document defines communication and describes the basic elements and types of communication. It discusses verbal and non-verbal communication. It also outlines the communication cycle involving a sender, message, medium, and receiver. Feedback is identified as the final stage. Barriers to effective communication are also defined, including physical, psychological, language/semantic, organizational structure, and cross-cultural barriers.
This document discusses communication skills and effective communication. It defines communication and outlines some key characteristics, including that communication is a two-way process involving the exchange of information between a sender and receiver. It also discusses communication models and breakdowns in communication. Some factors that influence effective communication are linguistic factors, psychological factors, social/cultural factors, and environmental factors. Stylistics is then defined as the study of variations in language style according to the situation and the intended effect on the audience. There are two main types of language variations: variations according to the user (such as dialects and accents) and variations according to use (such as registers defined by field of discourse).
This document discusses various types of interpretation and provides definitions of key terms. It outlines 7 main types of interpretation: simultaneous interpretation, consecutive interpretation, guide/escort interpretation, sign language interpretation, sight interpretation, telephone interpretation, and whispered interpretation. It also defines translation versus interpretation, and describes translation terms like source language, target language, native language, fluent language, and working language. The document concludes by outlining elements of the code of ethics for interpreters, including accuracy, confidentiality, impartiality, knowledge, education, professionalism, discretion, and respect.
Interpreting involves presenting the exact meaning and tone of a speaker's message either simultaneously or consecutively between languages. It bridges cultural gaps between participants and removes language barriers to allow for mutual understanding. Interpreting differs from translation in that interpreters work orally while translators work in writing, and interpreters do not have access to reference materials during interpretation. Interpretation can be done consecutively, with time delays between the spoken message and interpretation, or simultaneously through headphones in a soundproof booth. Good interpreters require linguistic and cultural knowledge as well as interpreting skills, and must adhere to codes of ethics around preparation, impartiality, and self-evaluation.
Types of Speech Context-(Module 2.2).pptxStewartHamac
This document discusses different types of speech context:
1. Intrapersonal communication refers to communication within oneself where the speaker is both the sender and receiver of the message.
2. Interpersonal communication occurs between two or small groups of people to establish personal relationships.
3. Public speaking involves one speaker addressing a large audience.
4. Mass communication is carried out using mass media technology.
5. Intercultural communication is the exchange of concepts between people of different cultures.
This document outlines the syllabus for a sight translation course. It discusses different types of interpreting, including consecutive, simultaneous, and liaison interpreting. Sight translation is described as translating a written text orally, combining elements of written translation and interpreting. The course will focus on improving oral translation skills and analyzing translations. Students will practice translating current events, work in groups, and record individual sentence translations for analysis. Evaluation will consist of writing reports transcribing and analyzing class translations.
Translation Equivalence of Person Reference found in the Subtitle of Harry Po...Eny Parina
The document provides background on translation and discusses theories related to subtitling. It compares the pronoun systems of English and Indonesian, noting differences in personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and possessive pronouns. The chapter then analyzes examples of person reference from the subtitles of "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" based on translation theory, discussing how pronouns such as him, my, we, and sir are translated between English and Indonesian.
Interpreters enable cross-cultural communication by converting one language to another while understanding concepts and ideas between languages. They must thoroughly understand subject matter to accurately translate information and be sensitive to associated cultures. Students can prepare by taking foreign language and computer courses, spending time abroad, engaging with foreign cultures, and extensive reading. Formal interpreting programs are available, but experience through internships or apprenticeships is also important for building skills. Interpreters must pay close attention, understand both languages clearly, and express thoughts accurately with strong research, analytical, and memory skills.
Interpreting is said to be the sixth language skill it is one of the complex skills, as learners need all the four simplex language skills(listening, speaking, reading, and writing) so that they can interpret texts from one language into the other.
The document provides information on different sources of information that can be used in everyday life, including news reports, informative talks, panel discussions, and speeches. It discusses the purpose and structure of news reports, characteristics of informative talks, the format and components of panel discussions, and examples of each. The document also provides questions to help process each type of information source and understand how the information could be used.
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Interpreting in humanitarian settings
1. INTERPRETING
IN
HUMANITARIAN
SETTINGS
IENE 6
“Contemporary large migration waves into Europe:
Enabling health workers to provide psychological
support to migrants and refugees and develop
strategies for dealing with their own emotional
needs”
Project number: 2016-1-UK01_KA202-024283
Intellectual Output 8
Mina Floropoulou
2. Interpreter:
An interpreter verbally translates spoken material from one language
language) to another language (target language). She/He is present
interprets remotely, e.g. on the phone. This can take three main forms: a)
simultaneous interpreting, performed generally from an interpreting booth
conference environment; b) consecutive interpreting, where the speaker
pauses for the interpreter to relay the speech one section at a time; c)
interpreting, the most common in humanitarian field operations, where
interpreter relays both (or all) sides of a conversation between speakers of
different languages, working both into and out of their main language.
1. Translators without borders. 2017. Field Guide to Humanitarian Interpreting & Cultural mediation. [ONLINE] Available
at: https://translatorswithoutborders.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Guide-to-Humanitarian-Interpreting-and-Cultural-Mediation-
English-1.pdf.
3. The role of the Interpreter:
Interpreters are key allies for humanitarian actors. Communication is aid
words build trust. Recognizing these essential principles of a people-
humanitarian intervention, it is essential to build effective language
between people in need and those providing aid and services. Whenever
humanitarian responders do not speak or understand the mother tongue of
person they serve, the risk of miscommunication, loss of critical
misinformation is high, potentially leading to unnecessary suffering or loss
1. Translators without borders. 2017. Field Guide to Humanitarian Interpreting & Cultural mediation. [ONLINE] Available
at: https://translatorswithoutborders.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Guide-to-Humanitarian-Interpreting-and-Cultural-Mediation-
English-1.pdf.
4. The 4 types of interpretation
I. Consecutive interpretation
II. Summary interpretation
III. Verbatim interpretation
IV. Simultaneous interpretation
1. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), RLD3 - Interpreting in a Refugee Context, 1 June 1993, RLD3, available at:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/3cce9bbb4.html [accessed 2 February 2018]
5. I. Consecutive interpretation
This is by far the most common type of interpretation in a refugee
interpreter, you listen to a segment of speech, then repeat what you have
the language of the listener(s). The speaker then resumes his/her
before pausing again to allow the interpreter to translate. In this way the
interpreter alternates with the speaker (in contrast with simultaneous
interpretation described later). The length of what you can retain before
your translation will depend upon the complexity of the statement being
and upon your experience.
The 4 types of interpretation
1. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), RLD3 - Interpreting in a Refugee Context, 1 June 1993, RLD3, available at:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/3cce9bbb4.html [accessed 2 February 2018]
6. II. Summary interpretation
This is a condensed form of consecutive interpretation, and one that
considerable experience and skill. The interpreter listens attentively to a
statement, taking notes, and then provides a summary in the language of
audience. It is far less precise than consecutive interpretation and it is not
appropriate for a refugee interview, nor whenever detailed information is
important.
The 4 types of interpretation
1. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), RLD3 - Interpreting in a Refugee Context, 1 June 1993, RLD3, available at:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/3cce9bbb4.html [accessed 2 February 2018]
7. III. Verbatim interpretation
This type of interpretation implies a word-for-word interpretation after each
sentence. The interpreter thus gives an exact translation of the speaker’s words,
than interpreting the speaker’s meaning. This type of interpretation is chosen in
exclude any possible misunderstanding on either side.
IV. Simultaneous interpretation
With this type of interpretation, the interpreter listens to the speaker and
same time. Simultaneous interpretation requires a high degree of concentration,
short-term memory and high level of language skills. Experience and intense
needed for this technique.
The 4 types of interpretation
1. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), RLD3 - Interpreting in a Refugee Context, 1 June 1993, RLD3, available at:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/3cce9bbb4.html [accessed 2 February 2018]
8. Guidelines on attitude & conduct
The task of an interpreter is difficult in any circumstances. Interpreting in
context can make even greater demands. The conditions in which you
be challenging, there may be wide cultural gaps between the various
you may meet vocabulary or notions that are new or unfamiliar to you.
also the possibility that you will be asked to perform tasks that are not
interpreter. Therefore, it is extremely important for you to be clear on
attitude and conduct as an interpreter.
1. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), RLD3 - Interpreting in a Refugee Context, 1 June 1993, RLD3, available at:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/3cce9bbb4.html [accessed 2 February 2018]
9. Rights
• Adequate briefing
• Defining your role
• Obtaining respect
• Gaining the right support
Responsibilities
• Maintaining a high level of
performance
• Remaining neutral
• Maintaining confidentiality
• Refraining from abusing your
power
1. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), RLD3 - Interpreting in a Refugee Context, 1 June 1993, RLD3, available at:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/3cce9bbb4.html [accessed 2 February 2018]
10. Maintaining accuracy &
neutrality
• Pay attention to all details. Do not attempt to
the information given by the person, but
translate all factual and anecdotal details.
• Avoid conversation with the recipient
• Translate all his/her questions, even if you
probable answer
• If there is a conversation that which either of
parties cannot understand, give a summary of
is said
• Avoid expressing a personal opinion, it is not
you, as an interpreter, to react either verbally
through facial expression, to what a speaker
1. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), RLD3 - Interpreting in a Refugee Context, 1 June 1993, RLD3, available at:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/3cce9bbb4.html [accessed 2 February 2018]
11. Confidentiality & Interpretation
It is the act to protect information entrusted to you by an individual, or group of
individuals, a secret. It is the respect of an individual’s right to privacy. It is, also,
the responsibility of the humanitarian worker to protect the beneficiary’s private
information and ensure that only those persons who need to know have access to
the beneficiary’s records or personal information.
It is a standard practice for professional interpreters to maintain strict
confidentiality as to the content of any discussions to which they are party. They
must not share any information to any person outside the session without the
permission of the service provider and the beneficiary. Before and after each
session reassurance of the confidentiality must be provided to the beneficiaries.1. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), RLD3 - Interpreting in a Refugee Context, 1 June 1993, RLD3, available at:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/3cce9bbb4.html [accessed 2 February 2018]
2. Medécins du Monde. 2018. GUIDANCE FOR INTERPRETERS/Working with interpreters
12. Why confidentiality is important?
Aid workers are in a position of trust with the beneficiaries, who share
with them a considerable amount of personal information. This process of
sharing information is part of a relationship building, it’s one of the keys
to effective counselling. Breaking this trust by revealing facts that
concern a beneficiary’s story could:
a. Cause the beneficiary to no longer feel comfortable to speak freely
about their experiences
b. Be of great danger, for example, for family members or relatives or for
the beneficiaries themselves even1. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), RLD3 - Interpreting in a Refugee Context, 1 June 1993, RLD3, available at:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/3cce9bbb4.html [accessed 2 February 2018]
2. Medécins du Monde. 2018. GUIDANCE FOR INTERPRETERS/Working with interpreters
13. Kinds of information to remain confidential
Any information revealed during a session
Any information given to you by another service
provider/humanitarian worker
Case/medical records
Any information obtained by you about the beneficiaries
1. Medécins du Monde. 2018. GUIDANCE FOR INTERPRETERS/Working with interpreters
14. Exceptions to the rule of confidentiality
• Beneficiaries life in danger
• Others life in danger
• Discuss a clinical case with the permit of the patient
1. Medécins du Monde. 2018. GUIDANCE FOR INTERPRETERS/Working with interpreters
15. Humanitarian
interpreting Do’s &
Don’ts
Do’s
Two-way proficiency: Do ensure you
are proficient in the languages you
translate from and into
Cultural competence: Do develop your
knowledge of the cultures you are
interpreting between. This is essential
to relay information accurately
Accuracy: Do convey information as
accurately as possible. Relay messages
between the parties without omission
or distortion1. Translators without borders. 2017. Field Guide to Humanitarian
Interpreting & Cultural mediation. [ONLINE] Available
at: https://translatorswithoutborders.org/wp-
16. Humanitarian
interpreting Do’s &
Don’ts
Do’s
Neutrality: Do remain neutral with
regard to gender, religion, ethnicity,
socioeconomic status, etc. If at any
point you feel you cannot do so, you
should withdraw from the
assignment.
Confidentiality: Do respect the
confidentiality of the parties and
their discussion at all times.
Use of resources: Do use the
resources provided to you including
glossaries and reference material
1. Translators without borders. 2017. Field Guide to Humanitarian
Interpreting & Cultural mediation. [ONLINE] Available
at: https://translatorswithoutborders.org/wp-
17. Humanitarian interpreting Do’s & Don’ts
Don’ts
Do not seek to take advantage of information acquired during or as a
result of your work
Do not accept assignments that require knowledge or language or other
skills beyond your competence
Do not interject personal opinions or counsel
Do not attempt to exercise power or influence over your listeners
1. Translators without borders. 2017. Field Guide to Humanitarian Interpreting & Cultural mediation. [ONLINE] Available
at: https://translatorswithoutborders.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Guide-to-Humanitarian-Interpreting-and-Cultural-Mediation-
English-1.pdf.
18. Humanitarian interpreting Do’s & Don’ts
Don’ts
Do not disclose information gathered during the course of your
assignments
Do not use your position to gain favours from clients
Do not accept an assignment when family or close personal relationships
affect impartiality
Do not interfere with the flow of communication between the parties
1. Translators without borders. 2017. Field Guide to Humanitarian Interpreting & Cultural mediation. [ONLINE] Available
at: https://translatorswithoutborders.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Guide-to-Humanitarian-Interpreting-and-Cultural-Mediation-
English-1.pdf.
19. What if…
You cannot understand an expression or a word?
If this happens, ask for clarification. You will need to signal to the other party
are asking for additional clarification
The beneficiary expresses a notion that is very typical in his/her culture?
You must take time to explain, rather than allow a misunderstanding to arise
1. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), RLD3 - Interpreting in a Refugee Context, 1 June 1993, RLD3, available at:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/3cce9bbb4.html [accessed 2 February 2018]
20. What if…
The beneficiary makes an embarrassing or offensive statement?
In principle it is your duty to translate whatever is said. In practice, you may warn the
provider as to the character of the beneficiary’s statement, and ask his/her permission
that the beneficiary really wants to use such language, before giving a translation. The
pause may be enough for the speaker to adjust his/her tone.
The language used by the beneficiary is primitive and unsophisticated?
Do not seek to polish or embellish – this is not your role. You may sometimes make a
more clear and concise but this must never be at the expense of accuracy.
1. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), RLD3 - Interpreting in a Refugee Context, 1 June 1993, RLD3, available at:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/3cce9bbb4.html [accessed 2 February 2018]
21. Working with Interpreters
Before the session…
• Be aware that if the service provider finds something psychologically
difficult to handle, the interpreter probably does too. The service
provider should check that the interpreter is comfortable to interpret in
terms of the expected content of the meeting. Moreover, the service
provider should ask if he/she wants support, and provide it if so.
• Be aware that interpretation requires concentration, which is difficult to
maintain in unfamiliar or dangerous environments. The interpreter will
need regular breaks to ensure that they can remain focused.1. Medécins du Monde. 2018. GUIDANCE FOR INTERPRETERS/Working with interpreters
2. Translators without borders. 2017. Field Guide to Humanitarian Interpreting & Cultural mediation. [ONLINE] Available
at: https://translatorswithoutborders.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Guide-to-Humanitarian-Interpreting-and-Cultural-Mediation-
22. Working with Interpreters
Before the session…
• Ensure that the interpreter understands and abides by the organization’s
code of conduct and the humanitarian principles
• The interpreter should be provided with appropriate comfort and
facilities
• The service provider should spend time with the interpreter before the
session and explain relevant background for the case, the purpose of the
interview, and style/behaviour of the case (if known)
• The interpreter should let the service provider know how much content
1. Medécins du Monde. 2018. GUIDANCE FOR INTERPRETERS/Working with interpreters
2. Translators without borders. 2017. Field Guide to Humanitarian Interpreting & Cultural mediation. [ONLINE] Available
at: https://translatorswithoutborders.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Guide-to-Humanitarian-Interpreting-and-Cultural-Mediation-
23. Working with Interpreters
Before the session…
• The service provider should remind the interpreter of the principle of
confidentiality and that they will be asked to explain this principle
• The possibility of personal contact outside the session between the
interpreter and the case should be avoided
1. Medécins du Monde. 2018. GUIDANCE FOR INTERPRETERS/Working with interpreters
24. Working with Interpreters
During the session…
Attention must be paid to the seating/positioning so that everyone is clear that
the conversation is with the service provider, and not with the interpreter. The
service provider should speak directly to the session participants and not the
interpreter.
The service provider should speak unhurriedly, clearly and with pauses and the
use of jargon, technical terms or abbreviations should be minimized. Words or
concepts must be explained to the interpreter if needed.
The service provider is responsible for ensuring understanding between all the
parties and he must check with the interpreter if he thinks there is any kind of
1. Medécins du Monde. 2018. GUIDANCE FOR INTERPRETERS/Working with interpreters
2. Translators without borders. 2017. Field Guide to Humanitarian Interpreting & Cultural mediation. [ONLINE] Available
at: https://translatorswithoutborders.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Guide-to-Humanitarian-Interpreting-and-Cultural-Mediation-
25. Working with Interpreters
During the session…
The service provider should allow the interpreter to answer questions on behalf of
the participants, and must ask for full interpretation of side conversations.
If it seems that the interpreter is struggling to interpret, or is uncomfortable/too
upset by the session, it is the service provider’s responsibility to stop the meeting
and assess whether to continue after a short break or end the meeting entirely.
The service provider should never leave a male interpreter alone in the interview
room with a woman. This is vital to safeguard both the interpreter and the woman
and to ensure that the service provider remains fully in control of the session.
1. Medécins du Monde. 2018. GUIDANCE FOR INTERPRETERS/Working with interpreters
2. Translators without borders. 2017. Field Guide to Humanitarian Interpreting & Cultural mediation. [ONLINE] Available
at: https://translatorswithoutborders.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Guide-to-Humanitarian-Interpreting-and-Cultural-Mediation-
26. Working with Interpreters
After the session…
The service provider should spend time with the interpreter after the
end of the session to debrief and address issues or concerns and get
suggestions on how he/she can work better with the interpreter.
If the meeting has involved discussion of particularly emotive, violent or
upsetting events, the service provider should actively discuss the
interpreter’s own wellbeing, take a break and encourage them to seek
any available support if required.
1. Medécins du Monde. 2018. GUIDANCE FOR INTERPRETERS/Working with interpreters
2. Translators without borders. 2017. Field Guide to Humanitarian Interpreting & Cultural mediation. [ONLINE] Available
at: https://translatorswithoutborders.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Guide-to-Humanitarian-Interpreting-and-Cultural-Mediation-
27. Setting boundaries & Self care
Boundaries
i. Try to avoid body contact, as it is important to keep boundaries and
professional roles
ii. It is not the interpreter’s role to offer personal support or direct
advice to individuals
iii. Interpreters should ensure that neither their verbal nor body language
show any indication that they consider a person’s behaviour or
disclosures inappropriate
1. Medécins du Monde. 2018. GUIDANCE FOR INTERPRETERS/Working with interpreters
28. Setting boundaries & Self care
Self care
a) Working in humanitarian settings involves sometimes interpreting
traumatic events, this can have an impact on all parties concerned,
including the interpreter
b) Interpreters should make use of staff-care as well as debriefing after
sessions
c) Ensure schedules allow for enough breaks between sessions
1. Medécins du Monde. 2018. GUIDANCE FOR INTERPRETERS/Working with interpreters
29. Interpreting for refugee children
• Explain carefully to the child before the interview begins that he/she is
asked to respond to a few questions and why
• Be reassuring and understanding if the child shows signs of anxiety
• Resist the temptation to act as an advocate, since this may distort
• Sit closer to the child than to the interviewer, in order that you should not
perceived in a position of authority and inhibit his/her ease of expression
1. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), RLD3 - Interpreting in a Refugee Context, 1 June 1993, RLD3, available at:
http://www.refworld.org/docid/3cce9bbb4.html [accessed 2 February 2018]