1. CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study
Translation is transferring the original message of the source language into the
target language so that the readers can obtain the same impact reading it in the target
language as in the source language. The same message can be conveyed in various
ways as long as the aim is to keep the original message constant. To achieve that aim
the translator should study not only the SL itself but also the situational and the
cultural context of the text. When a translator is faced with a text, he should take into
account that the product of his translation is directed at people that came from a
background which is different from the original target audience. When we talk about a
different language, we refer to people with a different history, participating in
different social practices and speaking a different language (Anelo, 2003:1).
Bell (1997:6) states that languages are different from each other; they are
different in form of having distinct codes and rules regulating the construction of
grammatical stretches of language and these forms have different meanings. The
former and the later explanation indicate that in translating, a translator should have
good knowledge of both the SL and TL as well as socio-cultural knowledge of SL and
TL readers, good knowledge of the subject matter discussed in the SL, knowledge of
the world without which a translator would not be able to imagine the situation
alluded to in the SL text (Margono, 2006:2). Nida (1964:1) supports that a translator
needs to have vocational training and academic training. The former focuses mainly
on the practical skills while the later focuses on theoretical components.
1

2. Dolet in Nida (1964:15) summarizes five fundamental principles of
translation, namely (1) the translator must understand perfectly the content and
intention of the author whom he is translating, (2) the translator should have a perfect
knowledge of the language from which he is translating and an equally excellent
knowledge of the language into which he is translating, (3) the translator should avoid
the tendency to translate word for word, for to do so is to destroy the meaning of the
original and to ruin the beauty of the expression, (4) the translator should employ the
forms of speech in common usage, and (5) through his choice and order of words the
translator should produce a total overall effect with appropriate ‘tone’. An interesting
part of these five principles is pointing to the third principle. This supported by Anelo
(2003:2) who states that one should start translating not only words but also concept
and even contexts.
Douglas in Na’ imah (2005:2) believes that translation involves far more than
finding target language equivalents for source language words and phrases; it also
involves dealing with clients, agencies, employers, networking, research, use of
technology; and generally awareness of the roles in translation plays in society and
society plays in translation. What translation does is, first, to identify and define
translation problem; second, to indicate all the factors that have to be taken into
account in solving the problem; third, to list all the possible translation procedures
plus the appropriate translation. Through this processes, translation is now used as
much to transmit knowledge and to create understanding between groups and nations,
as to transmit cultures. In sum, it adds up to a new discipline, a new profession
engaged in mainly different purposes.
Referring to the above explanation, it is for sure that translation is not an easy
matter. Nida (1964:7) agrees that translation has points of strength and point of
2

3. weakness. In other words, there is no exact translation and every translation is open to
improvement. Translation as noted by Bell (1997:14) may have raised three key
issues namely (1) the problem of equivalence between texts and the extent to which it
is desirable or even possible to preserve the semantic and/or stylistics characteristics
of the source language text in the course of translating it into target language text, (2)
the notion of rule, the distinction between the constitutive rule which defines an
activity and the regulative rule which seeks to constrain the activity by reference to
predefined norm of behavior which are often assumed rather than explicitly stated,
and (3) the need to recognize the act upon distinction between translation as (a)
process (translating), as (b) product (translated text), and as (c) concept (the overall
notion which subsumes both the activity and the entity).
A true translation succeeds in transferring the message in a text of source
language into its translation text. To reach the goal, a translator should possess
knowledge of language and culture of speakers of both languages. Translation consist
of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation and cultural
context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning and
then reconstructing this same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical structure
which are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context (Larson,
1998:3).
There are two matters to consider when translating pronouns. First the source
language and receptor language systems will be different. The translator needs to
know the meaning components of the two systems in order to translate using the right
receptor language forms. It is important that he not let the source language forms
distort his use of the correct receptor language form. Second, the translator must
remember there are extended usages (secondary senses) of pronouns as well as of
3

4. nouns and verbs. Whenever a pronoun in the source language is being used in a
secondary sense, there is a potential translation adjustment which will have to be
considered by the translator.
1.2. Statement of the Problem
Based on the explanations above, the problem is raised to be discussed:
What is the translation equivalence of person reference which is found in the
subtitles of “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone”?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
Generally, the objective of this study is to find out and to analyze of person
reference between English and Indonesian which found in the subtitles of “Harry
Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone”.
1.4 Scope of the Study
In this study the person reference of English and Indonesian language are
focused. The data are included personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and
possessive pronouns which found disc 1 of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone.
1.5 Data Source
The data were taken from the first sequel of Harry Potter’s movie, entitle
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. The first sequel is chosen because it is very
popular and has already translated into Indonesian. The data was taken by using
interlingual subtitling method, transcribe the dialogue within the movie, and select
which utterances contain the person reference and analyze them.
4

5. CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL REVIEW
2.1. Theory of Subtitling
According to Lever, subtitle can be described as ‘transcriptions of film or TV
dialogue, presented simultaneously on the screen’. There are two types of subtitle,
namely; intralingual and interlingual subtitling. Intralingual subtitling is the subtitle
that is intended to help deaf or hard-hearing people, and for language learners, to
understand the movie. This subtitle is in the original language of the movie.
Interlingual subtitling refers to both a change in mode and language, going ‘from one
language into another language, and from spoken dialogue into a written, condensed
translation which appears on the screen (Lever, ____: p. 30). This paper will be
focused on the interlingual subtitling from English to Indonesian in the movie “Harry
Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone”.
These are some theory in subtitling according to Megalos (2006):
1. Make sure your translations are correct but also succinct. You must do everything
in your power to increase comprehension.
2. Generally it’s better to break up a speech into more, shorter pieces, than into
fewer, longer ones (although not always). A long complex sentence can be easy to
understand if heard, but to read it in a short amount of time might make the
viewers confused.
3. Make line breaks at appropriate places, where they help clarify, i.e. keep phrases
together. Therefore the meaning of the sentence will not be affected by the
breaking. If the line break is in the wrong place, the viewers might find it difficult
to understand the sentence.
5

6. 2.2. Comparison between English and Indonesian Pronouns
Each language has its own system, particularly its unique pronominal system.
Pronouns in each language also have secondary and figurative senses. These two can
become problems for a translator if s/he mismatch the systems or have wrong
perception of the secondary and figurative senses of the pronouns. Therefore, a
translator requires good understanding of pronoun system in both source language and
target language.
Personal pronouns can be categorized into several groups, based on the
number of people referred to, i.e. singular or plural; and on the point of view of the
person, namely first person, second person, or third person. First person is the
speaker, second person is the hearer or someone that is being talked to by the speaker;
and third person is another person, which is being talked about, that is not involved in
the conversation. There are also different kinds of pronouns, such as; demonstrative
pronouns, and possessive pronouns.
2.2.1. Personal Pronouns
Pronouns in English
Table 1 (taken from Larson, 1984, p. 131)
Singular Plural
1st person I, me We, us
2nd person you
3rd person masculine feminine neuter
He, him She, her It They, them
Pronouns in Indonesian
Table 2
6

7. SINGULAR PLURAL
1st
person
Formal saya inclusive exclusive
kita kami
Informal aku
Slang gua
2nd
person
masculin
e
feminin
e
neuter masculin
e
feminin
e
neuter
Formal Bapak,
Saudara
Ibu,
Saudari
anda Bapak-
bapak,
Saudara-
saudara
Ibu-ibu,
Saudari
-saudari
Anda-
anda
sekalian,
Saudara-
saudari,
Informal Kamu, (eng)kau kalian
Slang (e)lu
3rd
person
Formal Beliau Beliau-beliau
Informal Ia / dia mereka
From the tables above, we can compare English and Indonesian pronouns.
Both languages distinguish between singular and plural, and they also distinguish
first, second, and third person. There is further division on both language based on
gender. In English, the third person singular is distinguished by masculine (he),
feminine (she), and neuter (it). On the other hand, Indonesian language distinguished
its second person pronouns into masculine (bapak, saudara), feminine (ibu, saudari),
and neuter (anda).
There are more differences on the pronouns system between English and
Indonesian. In Indonesian language, the plural first person is differentiated into
inclusive (kita) and exclusive (kami) whereas English only ave one plural first person
(we). Inclusive means the hearer is included in the topic, and exclusive means the
hearer is not included in the topic. From the tables above, we can see that English
7

8. doesn’t have specific pronouns for formal and informal situation, while Indonesian
does. There is one more difference between English and Indonesian pronoun system.
English differentiates the pronoun that is used as subject and object. The pronouns
that are used as a subject are I, you, we, they, he, she, and it. The pronouns that are
used as object namely me, us, them, him, and her. These differences are very
important. A translator should understand all these system before s/he can produce
idiomatic translation.
2.2.2. Demonstrative pronouns
In Indonesian, there are two demonstrative pronouns ini and itu. However, in English,
the demonstrative pronouns can be grouped into singular (this, that) and plural (these,
those). The explanations can be seen from the tables below.
Table 3 (taken from Wikipedia – Indonesian language)
Demonst.
Pronoun
Simple
Use
English
Meaning
Ini Buku ini This book
Itu Kucing itu That cat
Table 4 (taken from Wikipedia – Indonesian language)
Demonst.
Pronoun
Plural Form (via Noun
duplication)
English
Meaning
Ini Buku-buku ini These books
Itu Kucing-kucing itu Those cats
2.2.3. Possessive pronouns
In Indonesian, pronouns that indicate possession do not occur. It usually needs
repetition of the noun, or bound forms, such as; -ku, -mu, -nya, etc., can be used.
English has specific pronouns that are used to indicate possession such as his, her,
8

9. my, or your. Below are a detailed explanation on possessive pronouns in Indonesian
and English.
Table 5
Type of
possessive
pronouns
Possessive pronouns Example
of root
word
Example of
derived
word(s)
Indonesian English Indonesian English meja
(table)
mejaku (my
table)
First
person
Saya, Aku I -ku My,
mine
Kami (we,
referring to
1st and 3rd
person)
Kita (we,
referring to
1st and 2nd
person)
We ... (milik)
kami/kita
Our,
ours
kursi
(chair)
kursi (milik)
kami, kursi
(milik) kita
(our chair)
Second
person
Kamu You -mu Your,
yours
meja
(table)
mejamu
(your table)
Anda ... (milik)
Anda/Saudar
a
kursi
(chair)
kursi (milik)
Anda/Saudar
a (your chair)
Kalian ... (milik)
kalian
kursi
(chair)
kursi (milik)
kalian (your
chair)
Third
person
Dia, Ia He,
she, it
-nya His, her,
its,
hers
meja
(table)
mejanya (his,
her, its table)
Beliau ... (milik)
Beliau
meja
(table)
meja (milik)
Beliau (his,
her, its table)
Mereka They ... (milik)
mereka
Their,
theirs
kursi
(chair)
kursi (milik)
mereka (their
chair)
9

10. 10

11. CHAPTER III
DISCUSSION
This chapter is concerned with the analysis of the equivalence of person
reference between English and Indonesian found in the movie of “Harry Potter and
the Sorcerer’s Stone”. The analysis is based on translation theory, that is person
reference which offered by Larson (1984) in order to find the closest equivalent
translation.
The person reference analyzed are as follows:
- Demonstrative pronoun
- Personal pronoun
- Possessive pronoun
1. MCGONAGALL
Good evening Professor Dumbledore
Selamat malam Profesor Dumbledore
Professor Dumbledore is remaining translated into Profesor Dumbledore. That is
common that in Indonesia to maintain the word Professor which belong to degree and
Dumbledore is the name of person.
2. MCGONAGALL
And the boy?
Dan anak itu?
The boy is translated into anak itu. In Indonesian language, there is no difference in
person reference based on the gender. The word anak can be used to describe a girl or
a boy.
3. DUMBLEDORE
Hagrid is bringing him
Hagrid sedang membawanya
11

12. Him is translated into –nya. In Indonesia language the form of third person singular
are dia, ia and the suffixed form of pronoun -nya. So here, him in Hagrid is bringing
him, refers to Harry which replaced by -nya
4. DUMBLEDORE
Ah, Prof. I would trust Hagrid with my life
Prof., aku akan mempercayakan hidupku pada Hagrid
My is translated into ku. The bound forms of singular person aku, namely ku can
occur as possessive pronoun my in English. So the utterance of Dumbledore, I would
Hagrid with my life is equivalence with hidupku in which my life means
Dumbledore’s life
5. HAGRID
Proffesor Dumbledore, sir.
Proffesor Dumbledore, Pak.
Sir ‘Tuan’ has a much more limited role in modern Indonesian than in the past but are
still used by some people, especially to foreigners. The abbreviated form Pak can be
used as pronoun substitute to replace sir instead of tuan because Proffesor
Dumbledore is considered familiar for Hagrid.
6. HAGRID
Little tyke fell asleep as we were flying over Bristol. Try not to
wake him.
Anak itu tertidur saat kami terbang melintasi Bristol. Aku berusaha agar ia tak
terbangun.
We is translated into kami. The exclusive first plural kami is used where the person
being spoken to is excluded, that is, Hagrid and others but not you.
While, him is translated into ia which refers to Little tyke. The third person ia is
restricted in occurrence to pre-verbal position.
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13. 7. MCGONAGALL
Albus, do really think it’s safe leaving him with these people? I’ve
watched them all day.
Albus, menurutmu apakah aman membiarkan dia bersama orang-orang ini? Aku mengamati
mereka seharian.
Him is translated into dia. Dia can occur in all position, including object or agent
following a verb, following a preposition, as predicate and as possessive.
While, them is translated into mereka. Them here refers to these people, so it is
socially neutral as being translated into third plural, mereka.
8. DUMBLEDORE
The only family he has.
Satu-satunya keluarga yang ia miliki.
He is translated into ia. The third person singular ia and dia in Indonesian language
both mean he and she. So in Indonesia language, there is no division of gender for
third person singular. Either he or she is being translated into ia in Indonesian.
9. MCGONAGALL
This boy will be famous. There won’t be a child in our world who
doesn’t know his name.
Ia akan menjadi ternama. Tak satu anak pun di dunia yang tak mengenal namanya
The equivalence of This boy in Indonesian is anak ini but the translator prefer to
choose the third singular ia to replace it since this boy had already replaced by child in
further sentence.
10. DUDLEY
Wake up cousin! We’re going to the zoo
Bangun sepupu! Kita akan ke kebun binatang
13

14. We as first person plural may be translated into kami and kita in Indonesian. But here,
the translator choose kita, for we in this sentence is inclusive and is included Dudley
and his cousin.
11. UNCLE VERNON
Hurry up! Bring my coffee boy!
Cepat bawakan kopiku, bocah!
Boy in the sentence, ‘Bring my coffee boy!” is translated into bocah in Indonesian
which has similar meaning with a child or vocation for a child. The translator use
bocah than anak, in order to create the translation idiomatically and considering that
the relationship between the speaker, namely uncle Vernon and the boy is rather non
intimate.
12. AUNT PETUNIA
Aren’t they wonderful darling?
Hadiah-hadiahnya menakjubkan sayang?
They as third person plural could replace animate and inanimate in English. Here,
they refers to inanimate, that is the presents. It sound idiomatic if translated into
hadiah instead of mereka. While, the equivalence of darling in Indonesian is sayang
which designation for a lover or the beloved one. Here darling refers to Dudley, her
son.
13. AUNT PETUNIA
Now, now, now, this is what we’re going to do. Is that when we go out
we’re going to buy 2 new presents. How’s that pumpkin?
Begini saja. Nanti kami akan belikan kau dua hadiah lagi. Bagaimana, manis?
The first plural we, here is exclusive. We which means kami, where the person being
spoken to is excluded, namely Aunt Petunia and the others she talked with, not
include the audience.
Pumpkin here is associated with designation for someone sweet like pumpkin fruit. It
more available for kid than adult. So, the meaning of pumpkin itself is more idiomatic
when it replaced by manis in Indonesia for addressing the sweet kid.
14

15. 14. AUNT PETUNIA
It should be a lovely day at the zoo. I’m really looking forward to
it
Ini pasti menyenangkan. Aku menantikan piknik ini.
It which belong to third singular for inanimate. But it in I’m looking forward to it
refers to an activity, that is picnic at the zoo. So it is make sense if it replaced by
piknik.
15. DUDLEY
Make it move
Buat dia bergerak
It usually used for thing, animal, and not for human. It which belong to third singular
in Make it move refers to animal, that is a snake. The writer prefer to chose dia for the
audience has already know that dia refer to snake, and dia is equivalence translation
for it.
16. HARRY
Sorry about him. He doesn't understand what it's like …….
Maaf soal anak itu. Dia tak mengerti apa rasanya ……….
Him in this sentence refers to Dudley. In translating the sentence into Indonesian, the
translator prefers to use the word anak itu to specify the object because in Indonesian
there is no difference in gender for the third person pronouns. If the word translated
into dia which is the equivalence of him, the viewers might get confused on which
person him refers to.
17. PETUNIA
It's all right sweetheart. We'll get you out of these terrible clothes.
Tenang, manis. Ayo tanggalkan bajumu yang dingin ini.
The equivalence of sweetheart in Indonesian is kekasih which can mean lover.
However, sweetheart here is used to refer to her beloved son. Therefore, the word
15

16. manis is more idiomatic because in Indonesia, people use that word to refer to lovely
children.
18. HARRY
Hey give it back! It's mine!
Itu suratku.
The word it refers to the letter that Harry got. In Indonesian, there is no equivalence
of it, so the word surat (letter) must be used to make it understandable. Moreover,
there are no specific possessive pronouns in Indonesian like in English. Indonesian
only used bound forms of the personal pronouns like –ku, -mu, -nya. The whole
sentence It’s mine can be translated idiomatically into Itu suratku. Itu is used to
demonstrate the ‘letter’ (surat) that is taken by Harry’s uncle.
19. UNCLE VERNON
Right you are Harry. No post on Sunday. Ha! No blasted letters today! No, sir!
Kau benar, Harry. Tak ada pos di hari Minggu. Tak ada surat sialan hari ini? Tak ada, Pak.
The equivalence of Sir in Indonesian is Tuan. It is used to address someone respected,
might be because he is older or because of his higher position. However, Sir in this
sentence does not refer to anyone. The speaker muttered the sentence to himself.
Therefore it is better to use the word Pak instead of Tuan.
20. HARRY
Get off! They're my letters! Let go of me!
Lepaskan! Semua suratku! Lepaskan aku!
As what have been explained in chapter two, Indonesian language does not
distinguished its personal pronouns into subject and object as in English. Me is the
derived form of I if it acts as an object. In Indonesia it is translated into the same word
aku although it acts as an object.
21. UNCLE VERNON
That's it! We're going away, far away! Where they can't find us!
Cukup. Kita akan pergi. Pergi jauh.. dimana mereka tak bisa temukan kita.
16

17. We in this sentence is inclusive. It involves the speaker and the hearers. Consequently,
the best equivalence in Indonesian is kita. Us, the object form of we is translated into
kita because Indonesian does not distinguish the personal pronouns based on the role
it has in the sentence, whether as a subject or object.
22. UNCLE VERNON
I demand that you leave at once. You are breaking and entering.
Kuminta anda angkat kaki, Pak. Anda merusak dan melanggar masuk.
English does not differentiate its pronouns based on formal or informal situations
unlike Indonesian. You in this sentence refers to a person that the speaker not familiar
of. In Indonesia, it is common to address someone that is not familiar to us in a more
polite way. So, the word anda is a better choice than kamu because it is more polite.
23. UNCLE VERNON
He will not be going! We swore when we took him in that we would put
a stop to all of this rubbish!
Dia takkan kesana. Kami bersumpah saat memungutnya kami akan hentikan omong kosong
ini.
The word we is translated into kami in Indonesian language instead of kita because
kami is used when the addressee is excluded, while kita is used when the addressee is
included.
24. HARRY
You knew? We knew all along and you never told me?
Kalian tahu? Kau sudah lama tahu dan tak pernah memberitahuku?
The word you is translated into kalian in Indonesian language because English doesn’t
have a specific word for kalian, and you could be translated into kamu (singular) and
kalian (plural). Here, it is translated into kalian because the addressees are more than
one.
25. AUNT PETUNIA
17

18. Of course we knew. How could you not be? My perfect being who she
was. Oh I remember the day she got her letter. My parents were so
proud. We have a witch in the family. Isn't it wonderful? I was the
only one who saw her for what she was... a freak. And then she met
that Potter, and then she had you and I knew you would be the same
just as strange just as abnormal. And then, if you please, she got
herself blown up, and we got landed with you.
Tentu saja aku tahu. Bagaimana bisa tidak? Adikku yang sempurna, itu masalahnya.Ibu
dan ayahku amat bangga saat ia menerima surat itu. “Kami punya seorang penyihir dalam
keluarga. Hebat kan?” Hanya aku yang mengerti seperti apa dia. Orang aneh. Lalu dia
bertemu si Potter dan aku segera tahu kau sama saja dengannya. Sama anehnya, …sama
abnormalnya. Kemudian, dia dibunuh dan kami harus menanggungmu.
The word she is translated into ia in Indonesian language because Indonesian only has
dia or ia for she or he. So the word dia could mean she or he in English. While in the
sentence above she means dia (a woman).
26. HARRY
Blown up?! You told me my parents died in a car crash!
Dibunuh? Bibi bilang orangtuaku mati dalam kecelakaan mobil.
Here, the word you is translated into bibi in Indonesian instead of kamu or Anda to
make it clear that he talked to his aunt. So you here refers to his aunt.
27. HAGRID
Non-magic folk. This boy's had his name down since he were born. He's
going to the finest school of witchcraft and wizardry in the world.
And he'll be under the finest headmaster that Hogwarts has ever seen,
Albus Dumbledore...
Manusia non-penyihir. Anak ini telah terdaftar sejak dia lahir. Dia akan belajar di sekolah
penyihir terbaik di dunia dibawah pimpinan kepala sekolah Hogwarts terbaik yang pernah
ada. Albus Dumbledore
The word boy is translated into anak in Indonesian language because anak in
Indonesian could mean a boy or a girl, which in this case means a boy. In Indonesian
language, there is no difference in person reference based on the gender
18

19. 28. HAGRID
Hello, professor I didn't see you there. Harry Professor Quirrell
will be your defense Against the Dark Arts teacher.
Halo prof. Aku tak melihat Anda disitu. Ini Prof Quirrell. Dia akan jadi guru Pertahanan
terhadap Ilmu Hitam di Hogwarts
The word you is translated into Anda in Indonesian language instead of kamu because
Anda is more polite than kamu, where both have the same meaning.
29. HARRY
Oh, nice to meet you
Senang berkenalan dengan Bapak
The word you is translated into Bapak in Indonesian language instead of kamu
because Bapak is more polite than kamu, where you refers to someone that he
respects.
19

20. 20

21. CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
From the discussion in the previous chapter, Indonesian and English have the
following differences which affect translation.
First, the Indonesian first-person plural pronoun distinguishes between kita
(inclusive) and kami (exclusive), but English has simply one word, we. Kita is used
when the speaker refers to himself and the listener, whereas kami is used to refer to
the speaker and other people excluding the listener. We can see the examples in no.
10, 21, 23.
Second, the Indonesian second-person pronoun has two forms, formal (bapak,
ibu, saudara, anda) and informal (kamu) when translating the English pronoun you
into Indonesian, as we can see in example no. 19, 22, 28, and 29. In English there is
no distinction between the formal and informal forms of the pronoun.
Third, English differentiate the personal pronouns based on its role in the
sentence, whether it is a subject or an object. For example; I become me, he become
him, she become her, we become us, etc. or it can be replaced by a name. Indonesian
does not distinguish the pronouns like that. It uses the same pronouns, either it is a
subject or an object. The examples given are in no.1, 3, 6, 11, 20, and 18.
Fourth, English has two words he and she which distinguish gender, whereas
the Indonesian third-person pronoun has two words with the same meaning ia/dia
without distinguishing between masculine and feminine. It can be seen in example
no.15 and 25.
Fifth, there are special pronouns to indicate possession in English like her, his,
ours, etc. However in Indonesian, only -nya is used to indicate possession. The
examples can be seen in no.9.
21