The document describes Ali Raza's internship report from his time spent in the medicine, surgery, and theriogenology clinics at the University of Agriculture Faisalabad. During his internship, he observed and treated a variety of clinical cases, including mastitis, theileriosis, parvo virus, and external/internal parasite infections in the medicine clinic. In the surgery clinic, he observed ophthalmic surgeries and castrations. In theriogenology clinic, he observed pregnancy diagnoses and dystocia cases.

1. 1
SHAHEED BENAZIR BHUTTO
UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES
SAKRAND
Internship Report
To Study Clinical Work of Medicine Surgery and Theriogenology University
Agriculture Faisalabad
BY
Ali Raza S/O Muhammad Siddique……………………….2k14-AV-11
2018

2. 2
SHAHEED BENAZIR BHUTTO
UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES
SAKRAND
Internship Report
From 03 September 2018 to 05 November 2018
To Study Clinical Work of Medicine Surgery and Theriogenology University
Agriculture Faisalabad
Final Professional DVM
Internship Report
By
Ali Raza………………………………..2k14-AV-11
2018

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Dedication
These humble efforts and the fruit of my thoughts, practice and learning
during whole internship program I am dedicating to my dearest parents
who are very caring to me and fulfill my every wish, love me the most and
encourage me in every difficult time I have been faced, pray for me every
time, my dear brother Ahmed Raza who sacrifice his studies because of me
and started job in his early age. He is very much dear to me. T o my all dear
teachers who are not only teachers but like parents care me, inspired me to
higher ideas of life and like friends every time responsive and suggestive
in every kind of problem I have been faced specially Dr. Pervez Ahmed
Khoso, Dr. Majid Hussain Soomro, Dr. Yar Muhammad Jalbani. To the
teachers of University of Agriculture Faisalabad Dr. Ashar Mehfooz,
Madam Misbah Ijaz and Dr. Amjad. To my dearest friends whose are
something more than friendship relationship, caring, encouraging, helping,
motivating, supportive in problems solving.
2018

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SHAHEED BENAZIR BHUTTO
UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES
SAKRAND
Internship Report for Fulfillment of DVM Degree
Submitted by
Full Name Reg. No
Ali Raza 2k14-AV-11
2018

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PARTCULAR PAGE
APPROVAL CERTIFICATE BY SUPERVISORY COMMIETE
6
INTERSHIP REPORT
7
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8
ABSTRACT
9
INTRODUCTION
1O
PLACE OF INTERNSHIP
12
CONCLUSION
34

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TITLE: COMPULSORY INTERNSHIP TRAINING AT UNIVERSITY OF
AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD
FULL NAME REGISTRATION NO.
ALI RAZA 2K14-AV-11
APPROVAL CERTIFICATE BY THE INTERSHIP SUPERVISORY
COMMITTEE
Designation Name Signature
Focal Person Dr. Pervez Ahmed Khoso
Member 1 Dr. Majid Hussain Soomro
Member 2 Dr. Rashid Ali Korejo
2018

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SHAHEED BENAZIR BHUTTO UNIVERSITY OF
VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES SAKRAND
FINAL PROFESSIONAL DVM
INTERNSHIP REPORT
An internship report submitted to Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences Sakrand in partial fulfillment for the degree of DVM (Doctor
of Veterinary Medicine).
Supervise By
Dr. Pervez Ahmed Khoso
Assistant Professor and Focal Person
Internship Program
2018

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AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All the praise and thanks to the Gracious the greatest Lord “Almighty
ALLAH” Who blessed me with courage and made my efforts fruitful, who
bestowed upon me with potential and ability to contribute a little material to
existing knowledge.
Author pray all the tributes to The Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad
(P.B.U.H) who enlightened our conscious, Who is a torch of guidance and
knowledge for Humanity, All and every respect is for The Holy Prophet Hazrat
Muhammad (P.B.U.H) who enables us to recognize our Creator.
Author feel great pleasure and honor to express our heartiest, gratitude and
deep sense obligation to ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DR. PERVEZ AHMED
KHOSO(Focal person of internship committee), ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DR.
MAJID HUSSAIN SOOMRO(Academic coordinator and member of internship
committee), DR. RASHID ALI KOREJO(member of internship committee)
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand.
Author cordially thankful to Prof. Dr Zafar Iqbal Randawa (V.C Agriculture
University Faisalabad), Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Qureshi (Dean Faculty of Veterinary
Sciences) Dr. Ashar Mehfooz (Focal person of internship) Dr. Misbah Ijaz
(member of internship committee) of faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Agriculture University Faisalabad for their technical support.
INTERNEE
Ali Raza….2k14-AV-11

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ABSTRACT
Internship is not only learning of treatment of disease but also learning and facing
of possible difficulties arise during treating and dealing with animal’s owner .The
internship program was about 9weeks. The first part of internship study was
carried out at medicine clinic, second part of study was carried out surgery clinic,
third part of internship study was carried at theriogenology clinic to observed clinic
cases. A total of 30 cases were recorded and treated among them (PPR,
Theileriosis, Actinomycosis, Anaplasmosis, Endo-ectoparasitic infestation,
Encephalitis, Listeriosis, Gastric Acidosis, Toxicity (poisoning), Constipation,
Tympany and Enteritis were very common in cattle sheep and goat while parvo
virus infection and Gastro-enteritis were very common in dogs and cats) at medicin
clinic. At surgery clinic total 10 cases were recorded and treated among them
(ophthalmic, corneal surgery, fracture, dislocation, wound (injuries) and castration
was commonly done). During observation of theriogenology cases, 20 cases were
observed and treated (most of the cases were ultrasonography and rectal palpation
for pregnancy diagnosis, dystokia, anestrus and endometritis like cases were also
treated at theriogenology clinic. In conclusion in during medicine clinic cases and
observation (parvo viral infection, theileriosis, and endo-ectoparasite infestation
were common). At surgery clinic were common (ophthalmic surgery and castration
were common). At theriogenology clinic dystokia, and pregnancy diagnosis were
common.
2018

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INTRODUCTION
The whole internship program was divided to three main categories so that an internet can have
enough knowledge about practical world and learn those techniques which are under work today.
These categories and placement are under
PART PLACEMENT OF
INTERNSHIP
DURATION PROTOCOL INSTITUTES
1 MEDICINE CLINIC (03 Sept to 24 Sept
2018)
OBSERVATION AND
TREATMENT OF MEDICINE
CLINICAL CASES
2 SURGERY CLINIC (24 Sept to 15 Oct 2018) OBSERVATION AND
TREATMENT OF SURGRY
CLINICAL CASES
3 THERIOGENOLOGY
CLINIC
(15 Oct to 05 Nov 2018) OBSERVATION AND
TREATMENT OF SURGRY
CLINICAL CASES
TOTAL TIME PERIOD = 9 weeks from 03 September 2018 to 05 November 2018

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INTERSHIP GOALS
The goal of my internship was to get knowledge, skills and practical work
experience. We have been learned different methods of treatment, diagnosis and
prevention of diseases. We were regular at whole internship period and discuss
most of the cases with teachers and each others. We ask questions and make
conversations to increase knowledge and experience. We all cooperated with each
other and performed many task together. We were treated many diseases in
medicine clinic like theileriosis, anaplasmosis, listeriosis, endo-ectoparasite
infestations, actinomycosis and various other bacterial, viral, protozoal, parasitic
and metabolic diseases. Most of the work we have been performed during
internship was on medicine clinic and then theriogenology clinic where we learn
different techniques and treatment for various cases like reproductive
ultrasonography, rectal palpation for pregnancy diagnosis, artificial insemination,
and deal dystokia like case there. We also performed various surgeries in surgery
clinic like, ophthalmic surgery, cornual surgery, OHE, nephrotomy, and
gastrotomy. We learn different skills and communication methods during our
internship tenure. We tried our level best in these 2 months to get our goals and
experience from this short period of time and become more and more professional.

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INTRODUCTION
Introduction to University of Agriculture Faisalabad:
The University of Agriculture (UAF) (Formally: Punjab Agricultural collage and Research
Institute), is a university in the city of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. It was established in 1906 as
the first major institution of higher Agricultural education in the undivided pinjab.
The University of Agriculture (UAF) is a public research university in Faisalabad Pakistan. It is
ranked 4th in Pakistan and 1st in the field of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences by HEC
Ranking 2015.It was also ranked among top 100 world universities by QS World University
Rankings in 2014. The employability ranking by Pakistan made this institution highly reputable.
The university's faculty employs more than 800 teachers. The university has boys and girls
hostels. It accommodates over 5,000 students and approximately 3,000 day scholars. Premier
hostels are Jinnah Hostel (named after the founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah), Iqbal
Hall, Fatima Jinnah Hostel and Haley Hall.

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Introduction to University where I graduated:
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Univeristiy of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand is a public
degree awarding institution located at Sakrand Pakistan near Nawabshah. It is a first public
sector veterinary university in Sindh, established in the year of 2013. SBBUVAS has 6 faculties
(Veterinary-Sciences, Bio-Sciences, Fisheries, Information Technology, Animal Production
Technology and Livestock Economics and Business Management but currently first three are
providing educational facilities to students). SBBUVAS has affiliations with HEC and also
accredited from PVMC. The university has well developed labs for undergraduate students, has
well developed library. It also has its own livestock and poultry farms and well developed clinics
with 24hr service. The University also arranges seminars for different programs such as
Ultrasonography and short trainings in poultry and livestock departments. The basic and main
motto of SBBUVAS is to provide most authentic knowledge to the learners.

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INTRODUCTION
VETERINARY MEDICINE CLINIC:
Medicine clinic was fully functional and developed, about 100-150 case are treated
daily successfully. One teacher was available at clinic from 9am to 4pm for
examining and for writing treatment, and demonstrating students about case. Duty
of teachers was on rotation wise,. Drugs are available at medicine clinic for free of
cost.
For any upcoming patient we take history of from owner, present and past history
was taken before the examination of animals.
After completing the history general examination of the animal was carried out this
include physical and clinical examination. In physical examination include
inspection, palpation percussion and auscultation. The clinical examination was
carried in routine manner.
Clinical Examination
Clinical examination is fundamental part of the process of disease diagnosis
Clinical examination was carried out and recorded.
Procedure
1. General appearance of animal: include; body appearance, body coat, posture
of animal,
2. Examination of vital signs of animal include; temperature, pulse, respiration,
and sounds of body.
3. Examinations of various body parts include; eyes, nostrils, mouth, abdomen,
legs, lymph nodes.

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History: past and present were taken by the owner, detailed questions were asked
from owner to get complete information regarding the disease, some of the
questions include; time of abnormality, feed given to animal, any treatment of
disease if given, behavior of animal were some common questions ask from owner.
The clinical examination was carried out in a routine manner to ensure nothing is
missed.
1. Eye: ocular discharge is present or not, color of eye red or normal, status of
dehydration can also be noted through eyes
2. Nostrils: nasal discharges and types of discharge, color and consistency of
discharge, blood present or not in nasal discharge.
3. Mouth: oral discharge if present, oral lesions,
4. Submandibular lymph nodes are examined: swollen or not
5. Pulse: it indicates the blood pressure of animals; it may be weak (slow) fast, or
irregular.
6. Chest: sound of chest indicates the various abnormalities of respiratory system
as well as sound of heart.
7. Abdomen: abdominal distention, ruminal movement, hollow flank indicates
veterinarians about various clues of disease.
8. Urogental system: urine retention, color of urine, vaginal discharge, mucus
discharge, blood discharges indicates various urogental diseases
9. Legs and Feet: walking pattern of animal,
10. Skin: skin damage, dry, rough, or any external parasitic infestation.

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12. Rectal Temperature: increase or decrease in rectal temperature indicates type
of infection.
Some the following cases are treated at medicine clinic
Case no. 01
Mastitis, endometritis
Specie________caprine (goat)
Sex __________female
Age __________4 years
History: temp:, parturate one live and one dead kid,
off feed since 4days, unable to stand.
Clinical findings: 102f, anemia, dehydration,
mastitis, swollen udder.
Duration of illness: 5days
Diagnosis____________ mastitis, endometritis
Treatment: -Ringer lactate D…. 500ml
-inj. B 12 .…………. 10ml i.m
-inj. Tribersen……. 3ml i.m
-inj. Fenik…………….1.5ml i.m
(same treatment should be repeated 3 days)
Case no. 02
Theileriosis
Specie______ovine(sheep)
Sex_________male
Age ________2 years
History: off feed,
Clinical findings: temp: 105.6f, swollen lymph nodes, lacrimation, diarrhea. Dyspnea.

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Duration of illness: 4 days
Diagnosis: theileriosis positive
Treatment:
-inj. bupralex….. 2ml i.m
-inj. Oxy L.A…….2ml i.m
-inj. Loxibak……. 3ml i.m
Case no. 03
GI disorder, itching
Specie________feline(cat)
Sex__________male
Age__________ 6month
History: diarrhea, off feed
Clinical findings: temp: 103.6f, anemic, lesions on body, dehydration
Duration of illness: 2 weeks
Diagnosis: GI disorder, itching
Treatment:
-inj. Tromit…..0-3ml i.m
-inj. Encure…..0-1ml i.m
-inj. Flygel……..2ml i.m
-inj. Mecotec….0.5ml i.m
ORS with water
Case no. 04
External internal parasite infestation
Specie___________canine(dog)
Sex______________male
Age______________4month

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History: hair loss, weakness, external parasites.
Clinical findings: temp: 102.4f, external parasites
Duration of illness: 3weeks
Diagnosis: mild fever due external and internal parasitic infestation, , emaciation, allergy.
Treatment:
-inj. Avil………..1ml i.m
-inj. Ivomec…….0.3ml S.C
-inj. Tromit………0.3ml i.m
-inj. Mecotec…….0.5ml i.m
Case no. 05
Parvo viral infection
Specie_____________canine(dog)
Sex_______________male
Age______________1 month
History: vomiting, off feed, bloody diarrhea, anemia, dehydration
Clinical findings: temp: 102f, anemia, dehydration
Duration of illness: 5 days
Diagnosis: suspected parvo viral infection (not confirmed)
Treatment:
Ringer L.D…………..50ml IV
-inj. Encure ……………..0.2ml i.m
-inj. Gravinate………….0.2ml IV
-inj. Flygel………………..5ml IV
-inj. Zantac……………….0.2ml S.C
Oral rehydration salt recommended…

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Case no. 06
Tympany
Specie________________ovine(sheep)
Sex__________________female
Age__________________2 years
History: tympanic condition due to grains feeding
Clinical findings: distended abdomen
Diagnosis: tympany
Treatment:
-tempsal……………………….20ml orally
-carminative mixture……10ml orally
Case no. 07
Constipation
Specie_______________caprine (goat)
Sex__________________female
Age__________________3 years
History: temp:, absence of defecation, nasal
discharges,
Clinical findings: temp: 102.6 nasal discharges,
Diagnosis: constipation
Treatment:
-inj. Meprim…………….3ml i.m for 3 days
-inj. Encure………………3ml i.m for 3 days
-carminative mixture…10ml orally,
Case no. 08
Chronic mastitis
Specie________________caprine(goat)

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Sex__________________female
Age__________________5 years
Reproductive status_______parturated one
month ago.
History: swelling of udder, change in milk
color and consistency
Clinical findings: temp: 104.0f, change in
milk color and consistency
Duration of illness: 4 days
Diagnosis: chronic mastitis with fibrosis of
udder
Treatment: fibrofit DS 5ml oral daily
-milking properly and intra mammary infusion of penicillin 40 lac
Case no. 09
GI disorder
Specie_____________feline(cat)
Sex_______________female
Age______________ 8 month
History: off feed 3 days, vomiting, shivering, lacrimation, dehydration
Clinical findings: temp; 99.1f, shivering, lacrimation, dehydration
Duration of illness: 3days
Diagnosis: GI disorder Treatment:
-Ringer lactate D…………150ml i.v
-inj. Garvinate……………..0.5ml i.v
-inj. Zantac……………………0.5ml S.C
-inj. Breezon………………250mg i.v
-inj. Flygel ……………………5ml i.v

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Case no. 10
Hepatic dysfunction
Specie________________caprine(goat)
Sex___________________female
Age___________________2 years
History: off feed, unable to stand,
Clinical findings: temp: 101f, dehydration, weakness, anemia
Duration of illness: 2 weeks
Diagnosis: anemia, hepatic dysfunction CBC test performed
Treatment:
-inj. Venofar…………………….10ml i.v
- normal saline…………………100ml i.v
-inj. Flygel………………………..100ml i.v
-inj. Encure…………………….1.5ml i.m
-syp. Hepamec………………….. 3 spoons bid
Case no. 11
Toxicity (poisoning)
Specie_______________caprine(goat)
Sex_________________female
Age_________________3 years
Reproductive status:____parturated
History: unable to stand, salivation, off feed
Clinical findings: temp: 104.3f, anemia, dehydration,
Duration of illness_______24hrs
Diagnosis: toxicity (poisoning)
Treatment:

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-Ringer L.D………………500ml i.v
-inj. B-12…………………10ml i.v
-inj. Atropine…………..2ml S.C
-Inj. Encure ……………..2ml i.m
-inj. Decadran……………2ml i.v
Case no. 12
Gastric Acidosis
Specie______________caprine(goat)
Sex_________________male
Age_________________5 month
History: diarrhea with difficulty in defecation, unable to walk, eaten meal previous day, now off
feed.
Clinical findings: temp: 100.2f, mild anemic
Duration of illness: 1 day
Diagnosis: Gastric Acidosis
Treatment:
-inj. Rexa-bicarb…………………10ml i.v
-inj. Encure………………………..1ml i.m
-two spoon metha soda + 2 spoon gulqand mix and given orally.
Case no. 13
Gastro-enteritis
Specie___________________feline(cat)
Sex_____________________female
Age_____________________3 month
History: vomiting, diarrhea, off feed
Clinical findings: : temp: 102f, dehydration,
Duration of illness: 2 days

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Diagnosis: Gastro-enteritis
Treatment:
-inj. Maxolon………………….0.2ml S.C
-inj. Zantac…………………….0.2ml S.C
-inj. Amoxigent………………0.2ml S.C
-syp. Flygel……………………5 drops daily orally
-ORS use in drinking water
Case no. 14
Encephalitis (listeriosis)
Specie_________________caprine(goat)
Sex____________________female
Age____________________4 years
History: unable to stand and walk, off feed,
Clinical findings: temp: 103.4f, dehydration, ocular and oral discharges, anemic, walk in circling
motion.
Duration of illness: 1 day
Diagnosis: Encephalitis (listeriosis)
Treatment:
Ringer L.D………………500ml i.v
-inj. Penicillin 40lac……… IM for three days
-inj. Dexa …………………3ml IM
-inj. Meloxi……………….1ml IM
Case no. 15
PPR
Specie___________________caprine(goat)
Sex_____________________female
Age_____________________2 years

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History: diarrhea, off feed,
Clinical findings: : temp: 104.8f, salivation, ocular and nasal discharge, erosions in mouth,
Duration of illness: 3 days
Diagnosis: PPR
Treatment:
-inj. Enucre……………………..2ml IM
-inj. Penacort………………….1.5ml IM
-inj. Fenik……………………….1.5ml IM
Case no. 16
Lumpy jaw
Specie________________bovine(buffalo)
Sex__________________female
Age__________________18 month
Reproductive status: non pregnant
History: off feed since 3 days,
Clinical findings: temp: 105.2f, salivation,
rupture skin below jaw and large mass of
tissue appear.
Diagnosis: Lumpy jaw
Treatment:
Inj. Penicillin 40lac………………….16
vials BID
Pottashium iodide/ sodium iodide …………………intravenous
Inj. Fenik……………………5ml IM

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SURGERY CLINIC SECTION:
Although both medicine and surgery sections were combined but for aseptic surgery Operation
Theater was available at clinic. Operation Theater was fully functional and every instrument was
available. Experimental surgeries were performed every day by the students under the
supervision of concerned teachers. Large animal’s surgery OT was also present there. About 5 to
10 cases of surgery were daily performed.
Case no. 01
Tumor growth in eye
Specie__________________Bovine(buffalo)
Sex____________________female
Age____________________5 year
Reproductive status:_______ non pregnant
Clinical findings: mono ocular mass growth
Duration of illness: 1 week
Diagnosis: tumor growth in eye
Treatment: ophthalmic surgery.
Procedure:
Physiological measurement
Restraining of animal in crush with ropes
Washing of eye and locally anesthetized with lidocaine(xylocaine) 2% through
Removing of mass of tumor completely
Application of gauze to control bleeding
Injection of transamin for control bleeding
Postoperative care with parenteral therapy of antibiotics to reduce chance of infection and
analgesics to reduce pain.
Case no. 02
Pus and maggots in ear wound of goat

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Specie_______________caprine(goat)
Sex_________________female
Age_________________3 years
Clinical findings: ear wound due to injury, abscess and maggots in ear wound.
Duration of illness: 2 weeks
Diagnosis: pus and maggots, infection develops in wound.
Treatment: washing of ear with hydrogen peroxide and normal saline water, removing of all
maggots and pus, application of antiseptic pyodine and magshat on wound.
Case no. 03
Extirpation of eye
Specie___________________bovine(cattle)
Sex______________________female
Age______________________5 years
History: wound of eye
Clinical findings: ocular globe damage due to
the injury
Treatment: surgically Extirpation of eye
Procedure:
-Restraining of animal in crush and holding
head at one side with the help of ropes.
-inj. xylaz 0.5ml I.M for making animal calm
-inj. 10 ml lidocaine at each side of ocular
cathai. (Retrobulber technique)
-removing of all contents of eye with globe
-filling of ocular space with antiseptic dipped gauze
-suturing of eyelids with silk no.1
-medication post surgery:
-inj. Penicillin----------40 lac 15ml

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-inj. Dicloran---------15ml
-Inj. Transamin---------4 VAIL of 500mg (20ml)
Case no. 04
Antiseptic dressing of wound in cat
Specie__________________feline(cat)
Sex____________________female
Age____________________1 year
History: thigh wound
Clinical findings: temp: 103.4f, wound on thighs due to fighting with other cat, wound filled with
blood, loss of hairs, chance of infection development.
Duration of illness: 2 days
Diagnosis: fever due to the injury, loss of blood, alopecia
Treatment: washing and cleaning of wound with hydrogen peroxide, application of antiseptic
solution pyodine and bandage applied.
-inj. Tromit………………..0.3ml
-inj. Ivomec………………0.1ml S.C
-inj. Encure……………….0.2ml
-inj. Mecotec………………0.5ml
- recommended to use Kanacomb cream and CTC
spray on wounded area 3 times a day.
Case no. 05
Fracture in dog
Specie____________________canine(dog)
Sex_______________________male
Age_______________________1 year

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Clinical findings: complete fracture of metacarpal bone of right leg. Free movement of distill
part of metacarpal bone.
Diagnosis: complete fracture of metacarpal bone.
Treatment:
-re-union of broken ends of bone.
- making immovable by using plaster of Paris
-inj. Of dicloran……………5ml IM
-inj. Of Encure……………..2ml IM
Case no.06
Cornual surgery in buffalo
Specie________________bovine(buffalo)
Sex__________________female
Age__________________4-5 years
Reproductive status: non pregnant
Clinical findings: part of horn break in the head,
bleeding infection develop
Treatment:
- Locally anesthetized infected area with 10ml of
2% lidocaine
- removing of part of horn from skull.
- washing of infected area with solution of
pyodine+normal saline 10:90
- Application of sterile antiseptically dipped gauze in
infected hole.
-injection of transamin…………….15ml IM
-inj of penicillin……………………15ml IM
-inj of dicloran……………………..10ml IM
Case no. 07

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Pus in the hoofs and infested with maggots
Specie……………………….caprine(goat)
Sex…………………………..female
Age…………………………12 month
Clinical findings: unable to walk properly, lameness during walking
Diagnosis: pus in the hoofs and infested with maggots
Treatment: removing and cleaning of maggots with magshat and washing of site with antiseptic
Routine dressing recommended.
Case no. 08
Specie………………………caprine(goat)
Sex…………………………male
Age…………………………4 years
Complain…………………castration
Castration was performed with burdizo castrator by
locally anesthetizing with 5ml lidocaine 2% through
ring block infiltration above testicles

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THERIOGENOLOGY SECTION:
No doubt it was very informative section regarding reproductive disorders, pregnancy diagnosis,
ultrsonography, Artificial insemination, dystocia, retained placenta and prolapsed like cases.
Four teachers were available at therio clinic on rotation basis. About 10 to 20 cases were solved
every day on therio clinic. Few of them are discussed below:
Case no. 01
Endometritis
Specie________________Equine(horse)
Sex__________________female(mare)
Age__________________ 5 years
Clinical findings: vaginal discharges with blood
Diagnosis: endometritis through ultrasonography, sample collected from vagina of the mare and
antibiotic sensitivity test was performed.
Treatment: Drug of choice for treatment of endometritis in was Gentamycin.
Intrauterine therapy was performed with Gentafar 100ml + normal saline 40ml.
Treatment repeated for 5 days.
Case no. 02
Mis-conception
Specie_________________canine(dog)
Sex____________________female(bitch)
Age___________________ 27 month
History: not conceive
Clinical findings: mis-conception, no any sign has been observed.
Ultrasonography was performed no any kind of abnormality was found

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Treatment:
-tab. Therasgran H…………………..once a day.
-tab. Ketress…………………………….once a day.
Case no. 3
Dystokia, fetal mummification
Specie___________________caprine(goat)
Sex_____________________female
Age____________________3 years
Pregnanacy Status: 5 month pregnant
Clinical findings: gestation period was completed,
reddish mucus discharge from vagina, straining
Diagnosis: ultrasonography was performed and
dead fetus found in reproductive tract of female,
cervix was closed, fetal mummification was
occur.
Treatment: induction of parturition
-Inj. Dalmazin………………………….0.5ml IM
-inj. Decadran………………………….5ml IM
-inj. Amoxigent…………………………5ml
IM
Case no. 04
Pregnancy diagnosis through rectal palpation
Specie________________bovine(buffalo)

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Sex__________________female
Age__________________6 years
Reproductive status: mated 3 month ago.
Complain: PD
+ve pregnancy through rectal palpation.
Case no. 05
Pregnancy diagnosis through ultrasonography
Specie________________caprine(goat)
Sex___________________female
Age___________________6 years
Reproductive status: mated 2 month ago
Complain: ultrasonography
+ve pregnancy test of 2 month pregnant.
Case no. 06
Estrus detection and artificial insemination
Specie__________________Bovine(buffalo)
Sex____________________female
Age____________________3 years
Complain: estrus detection and insemination
Estrus detection: ultrasonography was performed to detect estrus. A graffian follicle was found
on right ovary. Buffalo was inseminated and injected with LH (lutropin) hormone.
Case no. 07
prolapsed vagina and cervix.

33. 33
Specie_________________caprine(goat)
Sex___________________female
Age___________________26 month
Reproductive status: 120days pregnant.
Complain: parts of reproductive system everted.
Diagnosis: prolapsed vagina and cervix.
Treatment:
- washing of prolapsed part of vagina and
cervix with antiseptic solution.
- Placement of cervix and vagina to its
normal place.
- suturing of vulvar lips with antiseptically
dipped bandage by horizontal mattress
suture pattern.
- advise for taking care of goat till
parturition and prevented from sitting on
floor.
Case no. 08
Transvenereal tumor in bitch
Specie_________________canine
Sex____________________female
Age____________________3 years
Complain: misconception, vulvar blood
discharge, swelled vulvar region.

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Diagnosis: reproductive organ palpation and vaginal cytology was performed and
TVT(transmissible venereal tumor) was diagnosed.
Treatment:
-chemotherapy with Drug of choice for TVT Vincristine was used once in a week till tumor
regressed completely.
-inj. Decadran…………..5ml IM

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CONCLUSION
In conclusion in during medicine clinic cases and observation (parvo viral
infection, theileriosis, and endo-ectoparasite infestation were common). At surgery
clinic were common (ophthalmic surgery and castration were common). At
theriogenology clinic dystokia, and pregnancy diagnosis were common.
SUGGESTIONS
Most of the diseases were protozoal like theileriosis, babesiasis or anaplasmosis
are tick borne disease can be control through tick infestation in animals.
Viral diseases in pets like parvo virus infections can be control through proper
vaccination schedule.
Various metabolic diseases like bloat, ketosis, milk fever can be prevented through
proper feeding management.
Early treatment of bacterial diseases and isolation of infected animals from healthy
animals is necessary after diagnosis of contagious diseases
Proper treatment of diseased animals should be necessary.
De-worming of animals after specific intervals is necessary.
Professional and technical programs for farmers should be arranged to educate for
eradication and control of disease.

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Attached certificate