From the perspective of media and information policy, we observed the current state and future of IoT and AI technologies.

1. Internet of Things and
Artificial Intelligence
Irem Gokce Yildirim & Bingzhe Li
MI850 - SS17

2. OUTLINE
Current State of IoT
Benefits and Drawbacks of IoT
What could go wrong with IoT
Future of IoT
What is AI?
How People View AI
Evolution without us – Will AI kill us?
Is AI a good solution?
Argumentations on AI
Internet of Things & Artificial Intelligence

3. Internet of Things
Irem Gokce Yildirim

4. Current State of
IoT
What is IoT?
❏ Integration of several technologies and
communications solutions
❏ Result of synergetic activities conducted in
different fields of knowledge, such as
telecommunications, informatics, electronics
and social science
(Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)

6. (Source of image: Walport, 2014)

7. Current State of
IoT
What is IoT?
❏ IoT is pervasive presence around us of a
variety of things or objects which, through
unique addressing schemes, are able to
interact with each other and cooperate
with their neighbors to reach common
goals (as cited in Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010).
(Source of image: http://dailym.ai/2b3nkfg)

8. Current State of
IoT
What is IoT?
❏ Mark Weiser, the forefather of Ubiquitous
Computing (ubicomp), defined a smart
environment as “the physical world that is richly
and invisibly interwoven with sensors, actuators,
displays, and computational elements, embedded
seamlessly in the everyday objects of our lives,
and connected through a continuous network”
(as cited in Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013,).
(Source of image: http://dailym.ai/2b3nkfg)

9. Current State of
IoT
How It Is Integrated into Our Lives
❏ Identification and tracking technologies
(e.g. Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags, mobile phones)
❏ Wired and wireless sensor and actuator networks
(e.g. sensor for environmental conditions like temperature)
❏ Enhanced communication protocols
(e.g. shared with the Next Generation Internet)
❏ Distributed intelligence for smart objects are just
the most relevant
(e.g. wearables, devices)
(Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)

13. (Source: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/internet-things-business-models-mohit-agrawal)

14. Current State of
IoT
Are We Getting Along with IoT?
❏ The Internet revolution led to the interconnection
between people at an unprecedented scale and
pace.
❏ People centric (or participatory) sensing platforms
❏ Body Area Network (BAN), wearables
❏ Cloud Computing
❏ Adapted well before IoT
❏ International activities (Internet of Things European Research
Cluster, IoT Initiative)
(Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013,)

17. Benefits and
Drawbacks of IoT
Lock Us Up or Let Us Free?
(Howard, 2015)
(Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)

18. Benefits and
Drawbacks of IoT
Benefits of IoT?
❏ Domestic Context
❏ Domotics (home automation)
❏ Assisted living (robotic technology in life)
❏ home monitoring system for elderly care,
❏ E-health (health tracking, alerts, notifications)
❏ Enhanced learning (distributed, adaptive
systems and methodologies, dynamic
intervention)
❏ Improved user experience (hidden technology)
(Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010; Nussbaum, 2006)

19. Benefits and
Drawbacks of IoT
Benefits of IoT?
❏ Working Context
❏ Automation
❏ Industrial manufacturing
❏ Logistics
❏ Business/process management
❏ Intelligent transportation
❏ Improved design quality of products
(Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)

20. Benefits and
Drawbacks of IoT
Drawbacks of IoT?
❏ Higher degree of smartness by enabling
their adaptation and autonomous behavior,
while guaranteeing
❏ trust?
❏ privacy?
❏ information security?
(Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)

21. Benefits and
Drawbacks of IoT
Drawbacks of IoT?
❏ Keeping Track and Watching Over Us
❏ dataveillance
❏ Implantable transponder chips (Pet-ID,
people with chronic diseases)
❏ The use of RFID in supply side
inventory management (tracking
goods along distribution)
EFFECTIVENESS > PRIVACY?
(Nissenbaum 2009)

22. What could go
wrong with IoT?
Current Flaws
❏ Architecture
❏ Network issues:
❏ Traffic
❏ Scalability
❏ Energy Efficiency Sensing
❏ Secure reprogrammable networks and privacy
❏ Protocols
❏ Leading controversies on ethical/moral
aspects of applications (implantable chips)
(Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)

23. What could go
wrong with IoT?
Current Flaws
❏ Context-aware computing has proven to be
successful in understanding sensor data (Perera
et al.,, 2014).
HOWEVER;
❏ The flow of information in a given context (norms)
❏ The sender and the recipient (roles)
❏ The types of information and the principles under
which the information is sent or transmitted from
the sender to recipient (activities). (Nissenbaum 2009)
CONTEXT AWARENESS -> VIOLATION of PRIVACY

24. What could go
wrong with IoT?
Incidents May Happen/ed
❏ Risks of harm, even death (Schneier, 2017)
❏ On the internet, attack is easier than
defense
❏ ...
❏ Hypothetical Stage:
❏ How should a self-driving car be
programmed to react in an accident
if there's a chance only one of two
lives can be saved?
❏ What if robotic vacuum cleaner
sucks up insects?(Carr, 2014)

25. What could go
wrong with IoT?
Possible Consequences / Future
Threats
❏ Architecture
❏ Network issues:
❏ Scalability
❏ Energy Efficiency
❏ Security
❏ Protocols
❏ Automating moral choices (Carr, 2014)
All are already mentioned by Weiser in 1985.
(Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)

26. ❏ 20 billion connected devices by 2020 (Gartner,
2015)
❏ Smart cities (Zanella et al., 2014)
❏ Human centric ubicomp which makes use of
human creativity in exploiting the environment
and extending their capabilities (e.g. agricultural
production, environmental restoration or retailing)
(Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013).
Future of IoT
Further Applications
(Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)

27. Future of IoT
Social Challenges
❏ Less labor work due to automation
❏ Trust issues
❏ Effects on efficiency/productivity
❏ Changes in moral/ethical values
(Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010)

28. Future of IoT
Policy Challenges
❏ Standardization
❏ Data Ownership
❏ Object Name Servers (ONS)
❏ Authentication
❏ Data integrity
❏ Privacy
❏ Digital forgetting (right to be forgotten)
❏ Legislations on Data Monitoring/Access
❏ Stability in Cyberdeterrence
❏ Technology over Governments
❏ Governments over Tech
❏ Technology over Civilians ….
❏ Roaming Charges
(Atzori, Lera & Morabito, 2010; Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013; Weber,

29. (Gubbi, Buyya, Marusic & Palaniswami, 2013,)

30. Future of IoT
SWOT Analysis of IoT
(Dutton, 2014)

31. Future of IoT
Disappearing/Invisible Computer
Most of the computers that participate in embodied virtuality will
be invisible in fact as well as in metaphor. Already computers in
light switches, thermostats, stereos and ovens help to activate the
world. These machines and more will be interconnected in a
ubiquitous network. As computer scientists, however, my
colleagues and I have focused on devices that transmit and
display information more directly. We have found two issues of
crucial importance: location and scale. Little is more basic to
human perception than physical juxtaposition, and so ubiquitous
computers must know where they are. (Today's computers, in
contrast, have no idea of their location and surroundings.) If a
computer merely knows what room it is in, it can adapt its
behavior in significant ways without requiring even a hint of
artificial intelligence.
(Weiser, 1991)

32. Artificial Intelligence
Bingzhe Li

33. The Turing Test
- What is AI ?
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Usually defined as the science of making
computers do things that require intelligence
when done by humans. AI has had some
success in limited, or simplified, domains.
- Famous Argument
- The Chinese Room

34. How people
view AI ?
From two TED Talks

35. Jay Tuck
- CCTV
- Privacy
- Analysis
- Weapon (Talon,2007)
- Out of control incident
- Medical
- Tumor recognition

36. Fabian Westerheide
- AI is eating our world
- We should be happy
- Machines were built to
enhance our muscle.
- Machines are taking job like
packaging.
- AI is going to take “People
job”
- Rapid growth

37. Fabian Westerheide
- AI is eating our world
- We should be happy
- Machines were built to
enhance our muscle.
- Machines are taking job like
packaging.
- AI is going to take “People
job”
- Rapid growth

38. (Bench-Capon & Dunne, 2007)
- Technology grow in rapid
way. We are building
industries and jobs around it.
- AI creates another solution
for human future-people
might be better off doing
other works.

39. To Sum Up
- Fear of AI
- Come from the Unknown
of the future
- Jobs,
- Not far in the future, yet can
not foresee.

40. References
Atzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2010). The internet of things: A survey. Computer networks, 54(15), 2787-2805.
Bench-Capon, T. J., & Dunne, P. E. (2007). Argumentation in artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence, 171(10-15), 619-641.
Carr, N. (2014). The Glass Cage: Automation and Us (1st ed.). W. W. Norton & Company.
Carr, N. (2014). Nicholas Carr: "The Glass Cage: Automation and Us" | Talks at Google. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mt8ooCms4sE
Dutton, W. (2014). Putting things to work: social and policy challenges for the Internet of things. Info, 16(3), 1-21.
Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future generation computer systems, 29(7), 1645-1660.
Howard, P. N. (2015). Pax Technica: How the Internet of things may set us free or lock us up. Yale University Press.
Nussbaum, G. (2006). People with disabilities: assistive homes and environments. Computers Helping People with Special Needs, 457-460.
Nissenbaum, H. (2009). Privacy in context: Technology, policy, and the integrity of social life. Stanford University Press.
Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., & Georgakopoulos, D. (2014). Context aware computing for the internet of things: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 16(1), 414-454.
Stamford, C., (November 10, 2015). Gartner Says 6.4 Billion Connected "Things" Will Be in Use in 2016, Up 30 Percent From 2015. Retrieved from
http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3165317
Schneier, B. (2017, Jan 27). Click Here to Kill Everyone. New York Magazine. Retrieved from http://nymag.com/selectall/2017/01/the-internet-of-things-dangerous-future-bruce-schneier.html
Walport, M. (2014). The Internet of Things: making the most of the Second Digital Revolution. London: UK Government Office for Science. Retrieved from
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/409774/14-1230-internet-of-things-review.pdf
Weber, R. H. (2010). Internet of Things–New security and privacy challenges. Computer law & security review, 26(1), 23-30.
Weiser, M. (1991). The computer for the 21st century. Scientific american, 265(3), 94-104.
Weiser, M., Gold, R., & Brown, J. S. (1999). The origins of ubiquitous computing research at PARC in the late 1980s. IBM systems journal, 38(4), 693-696.
Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., & Zorzi, M. (2014). Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things journal, 1(1), 22-32.