Internet das Coisas e o Paradigma Software-Defined Everything (SDE)

Internet of Things (IoT) e o Paradigma Software-
© Antônio M. Alberti 2014
Defined Everything (SDE)
Antônio Marcos Alberti
Professor, Researcher, ICT Lab. Coordinator, NovaGenesis Project Architect, C++
Developer
!
antonioalberti@gmail.com
www.inatel.br/novagenesis/

Outline
‣ Current Scenario
‣ Overview of FIA Ingredients
‣ Software-Defined Everything (SDE)
‣ Internet of Everything (IoE)
‣ NovaGenesis: Convergent Information Architecture

Current Scenario
‣ Since 2000, several initiatives to redesign the Internet appeared
under the banner of the so called Future Internet Architecture (FIA)
design.
!
‣ Today, there are hundreds of initiatives overspread all over the
world.
!
‣ They can be classified as:
ú Clean slate - Aim at redesigning from “scratch" the Internet
architecture using the state-of-the-art of contemporary
information and communications technologies.
!
ú Evolutionary - Aim at continuing evolving TCP/IP Internet.
!
‣ Since 2008, I am designing a new convergent information
architecture called NovaGenesis.

Current Scenario
‣ A branch of FIA design is the Internet of Things (IoT), or more
generally the Internet of Everything (IoE).
!
‣ The IoE can be defined as to make everything belong to the
Internet.
!
‣ Another branch of FIA is the Software-Defined Networking (SDN),
which can also be generalized to Software-Defined Everything
(SDE).
!
‣ The clean slate approaches wonder if the current Internet can
support the challenge of scalability, naming, identification, mobility,
manage and control of billions of nodes.
!
‣ We are going to discuss the relationships of both branches in the
context of the NovaGenesis clean-slate architecture.
(c) Antonio Alberti 2014, Inatel - All rights reserved.

Overview of FIA ingredients
Future Internet Ingredients
IoT
Capacity/
Ubiquity/
Scalability
Real-Virtual
Exposition/Service-centrism
SDN
Management/
Autonomicity
Information-centrism
Naming/Identification/
Mobility/Multihoming

What is SDN?
• Networking can be defined as the act of establishing a network
among equipment in order to exchange data and information.
• According to Shenker, “current networks are essentially designed to
‘master the complexity’ behind existing technologies, rather than to
“extract simplicity” from the learned lessons”.
• Shenker defends the idea that abstractions play a big role on
computer science, shielding high level software from the complexity
existing in the lower levels.
• In this context, SDN means to rethink network architectures
considering the important role of abstractions. Means to do
networking as “software engineering”.

What is SDN?
• However, SDN can also mean that some functionality (the
functionality of ‘something’) is defined by software, i.e. it works
accordingly to some controlling software.
• Thus, SDN means to establish networks where physical/virtual
equipment functionalities are controlled by software.
• The equipment could be everything that can be used to do
networking, while functionalities could be any networking
functionality.
• This definition raised on the scope of software-defined radio (SDR)
and cognitive radio (CR), but this is a long story ;-)

Current Hardware Equipment
Fonte: Andrés F. M. Quezada, “Uma Visão Geral de Redes Definidas por Software e o Protocolo
OpenFlow”, Trabalho de Conclusão, Pós-Graduação Inatel, 2014

Networking Plane’s Interaction

The Shenker’s et al. SDN
• It proposes four abstractions to simplify network control:
• Forwarding - It encompasses a flexible, software-controlled, frame
forwarding model.
• State distribution - comprehends a centralized control program that
operates over a summarized network view.
• Configuration - The output of the control program is a networking
configuration map. To create the required network view a network
operating system (NOS) is used.
• Specification - It enables the generation of abstract configurations for
network devices. Such abstract configurations need to be mapped to
the physical ones.

Decoupling Hardware from Software

The Four
Abstractions
Fonte: Andrés F. M. Quezada, “Uma Visão
Geral de Redes Definidas por Software e o
Protocolo OpenFlow”, Trabalho de
Conclusão, Pós-Graduação Inatel, 2014

OpenFlow
• It is probably the best well-known SDN initiative.
• It is a standard that covers SDN forwarding and configuration
abstractions.
• It covers the structure of an OpenFlow switch as well as the
protocol used by the control program (controller) to generate the
network view and to configure forwarding tables.
• A diversity of controllers can be used together with OpenFlow:
NOX, HyperFlow, DevoFlow, Onix, etc.

What is Internet of Things?
‣ To make an Internet build of physical “Things”.
‣ To bring the Internet to the “Things”.
‣ To put the “Things” on the Internet.
‣ How many “Things”?
NASA

IoT
Capacity/
Ubiquity/
Scalability
Real-Virtual
SDN
Management/
Autonomicity
Capacity, Ubiquity, and Scalability

Capacity, Ubiquity, and Scalability
ü The accelerated evolution of capacities allows the
implementation of small devices capable of sensing the real
world and transmitting the obtained data to services on the
Internet.
!
ü Those devices can also act over the real world.
!
ü Sensing and actuating capabilities can become ubiquitous,
allowing unprecedented scenarios of interaction between the
real and the virtual worlds.
!
ü This army of devices will push architectures’ scalability
requirements to new limits.

Real-Virtual Worlds Integration
IoT
Capacity/
Ubiquity/
Scalability
Real-Virtual
SDN
Management/
Autonomicity

ü New “smart” embedded devices are emerging and becoming
connected to the Internet.
Data Information Knowledge Wisdom
!
ü This will create a flood of real world information, considerably
enriching our applications, making them more aware of what
happens in the real world, in real time, everywhere.
!
ü To transform this huge amount of raw data on knowledge is one
of the biggest challenges behind the IoT.
!
!
!
ü There is an entire cycle of data processing up to the generation
of cooperative knowledge networks.

ü These knowledge networks can feed complex hierarchical
feedback control loops, since sensorial data is very important for
decision making.
Some issues in
this context are
the stability,
performance, and
sensitivity of this
control loops.
ü Therefore, we do need to avoid blind autopilots.

ü New applications are emerging to take advantage of this
situational information, e.g. like augment reality, ambient
intelligence, social appliances, networked cars, etc.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Google GlassTM
ü In addition, decisions made on the virtual side can be reflected
on the real environment. This will help us to save energy, to
better use our resources.

Resources Exposition and Service-Centrism
IoT
Capacity/
Ubiquity/
Scalability
Real-Virtual
SDN
Management/
Autonomicity

ü IoT and FI resources need be exposed to software orchestration
frameworks, allowing the dynamic and integrated composition of
real and virtual existences.
Software Orchestration

ü Entire services’ life-cycles can be orchestrated involving such
exposed resources.
!
ü The life-cycle can include devices description, search, selection,
negotiation, admission, installation, monitoring, failure handling,
and all the other management functionalities.
!
ü In short, IoT capabilities can be seen as a service (IoT-as-a-service).
!
ü This view approximates the IoT to the so-called Internet of
Services (IoS).

ü Some open challenges on IoT + IoS are:
ú How to design a service-oriented IoT?
ú How to enable the joint orchestration of non-IoT and IoT substrate
resources and services?
ú How small sensors and actuators will expose their capabilities, or
establish dynamic contracts?
ú How to share IoT resources among several orchestration
frameworks?
ú How to describe the device capabilities?
ú How to format the contracts?
ú How to provide the adequate search mechanisms?
ú Which circumstances can cause a contract revocation?
ú How to provide energy-awareness?

Software-Defined Networking
IoT
Capacity/
Ubiquity/
Scalability
Real-Virtual
SDN
Management/
Autonomicity

Software-Defined Networking
ü The SDN paradigm could be applied to the IoT devices:
ú T. Luo, H. Tan; T.Q.S. Quek, Sensor OpenFlow: Enabling
Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE
Communications Letters, vol.16, no.11, pp.1896,1899, (2012).
!
ü IoT can be used to collect real-world information that is relevant
for networking control, as well as to reflect software decisions
on network hardware.
!
ü Some open issues are:
ú How the well-known limitations of WSANs will shape the
application of the SDN paradigm on this networks?
ú How to design networking control and management systems that
take advantage of the IoT?

Management and Autonomicity
IoT
Capacity/
Ubiquity/
Scalability
Real-Virtual
SDN
Management/
Autonomicity

ü IoT will manage itself or at least reduce considerably the degree
of the human intervention required.
We already have self-driven cars.
Why not to have a self-driven FI?
ü We cannot expect that the IoT will be managed in the same way
as the telecom operator’s networks today.

ü Among the proposals to reduce human interference on ICT,
there is the so-called autonomic technology, or self-*.
!
ü Many of the IoT roles overlap with the functionalities advocated
by the autonomic cycle, e.g. monitoring, analysis, acting.
!
ü Thus, the autonomic technology appears to be a natural
candidate for the IoT management.
!
ü However, the IoT provides the information necessary to feed the
autonomic cycle of other FI architectural components.
!
ü Thus, IoT appears to be a natural candidate to implement some
of the phases of the autonomic cycle for FI components.

Naming, Identification, Mobility, and Multihoming
IoT
Capacity/
Ubiquity/
Scalability
Real-Virtual
SDN
Management/
Autonomicity

ü People like to attribute natural language names to devices,
networks, services, and even for information.
!
ü Current Internet naming is very limited: hosts, domains, URLs.
!
ü What are the things that deserve a name on the Internet?
!
ü Names can be used as identifiers (IDs) and locators (LOCs).
!
ü An important problem is the dual role of IP addresses, even in
IPv6.
!
ü How to move “Things” without losing their IDs?

ü Additionally, new architectures need to support simultaneous
connectivity and multipath routing, fully enabling multihoming.
!
ü The ubiquitous connectivity needs to be explored in design, as
well as new routing approaches.

IoT
Capacity/
Ubiquity/
Scalability
Real-Virtual
SDN
Management/
Autonomicity

ü Node-centrism is perhaps the most common approach for
designing WSANs.
!
ü However, IoT can take great advantage of the precepts behind
the Internet of Information (IoI).
!
ü Self-certifying names (SCNs) can be used to name data in a
persistent and verifiable way, i.e. SCN = H(m)
mensagem
(longa)
m
função
“Hash”
H(m)
MD5, SHA-1, Whirlpool

ü The integrity, provenance, and non-repudiation of sensing and
actuating data can be checked based on SCNs.
!
ü Name-based search and discovery of network-enabled devices
and information helps on IoT services’ life-cycle: the idea of
social devices.
!
ü Information is secured per se – it do not depend anymore only
on secured connections.

NOVAGENESIS
COMO É?
QUAIS OS BENEFÍCIOS?

Nomes em linguagem natural: Português, Inglês, etc.
Wilfredor
Nomes únicos gerados a partir de padrões imutáveis das existências.
NOMEAÇÃO
0101010101010101011010110001010010101010101010101
1010101011110100001010011111111110101010100000000
1001010101000101010101011111110000000000000000000
1010101010101010101000010010101010101010101010101
1111111010101010100001010010100101010100010101010
0100000100000010000000001000001000000100000010000
1110000010000000100000010110101111000011100000000
1111111010101010100001010010100101010100010101010
0100000100000010000000001000001000000100000010000
1110000010000000100000010110101111000011100000000
1111111101111110111111011111101111101111101111111

Antônio
0101010101010101011010110001010010101010101010101
1010101011110100001010011111111110101010100000000
1001010101000101010101011111110000000000000000000
1010101010101010101000010010101010101010101010101
1111111010101010100001010010100101010100010101010
0100000100000010000000001000001000000100000010000
1110000010000000100000010110101111000011100000000
1111111010101010100001010010100101010100010101010
0100000100000010000000001000001000000100000010000
1110000010000000100000010110101111000011100000000
1111111101111110111111011111101111101111101111111
Meu Smartphone
Nomes conectados para criar uma rede de relacionamentos.
Imagem.jpg
AA180972… 01011223…
BFEF1216…
NOMEAÇÃO

01011223…
Imagem.jpg
Antônio
AA180972…
Meu
Smartphone
BFEF1216…
IDENTIFICAÇÃO E LOCALIZAÇÃO

Antônio
Câmera 1
Meu smartphone Scalifax
Câmera 2
Meu tablet
Meu Repositório
de Fotos
DESCOBERTA
Eu tenho fotos
do Antônio!
Eu guardo
fotos do
Antônio!
Eu tenho fotos
do Antônio!

NEGOCIAÇÃO
Vamos
trabalhar
juntos?
Vamos
trabalhar
juntos?
Vamos
trabalhar
juntos?
Antônio
Câmera 1
Câmera 2
Meu tablet
Meu Repositório
de Fotos

TROCA DE INFORMAÇÃO
Ai vão as Ok!
minhas fotos!
Ai vão as
minhas fotos!
Antônio
Câmera 1
Câmera 2
Meu tablet
Meu Repositório
de Fotos

RASTREABILIDADE
Antônio
Câmera 1
Câmera 2
Meu tablet
Meu Repositório
de Fotos

Confiável!
Não confiável!
"Collaboration logo V2" by Berdea - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia
Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Collaboration_logo_V2.svg#mediaviewer/File:Collaboration_logo_V2.svg
CONFIANÇA E REPUTAÇÃO

Hoje
Transmissor
envia
Origem do
Spam!
Internet
Receptor
aceita tudo
MODELO DE COMUNICAÇÃO

Futuro
Transmissor
publica
Internet Fim do Spam!
Receptor
assina
MODELO DE COMUNICAÇÃO

Rede Local 2
MOBILIDADE
ID=143.106.52.3
LOC=143.106.52.3
ID=10.0.0.3
LOC=10.0.0.3
Hoje
Rede Local 1

Futuro
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MOBILIDADE
Rede Local 1 Rede Local 2

Dispositivos
Sociais
Representantes
DISPOSITIVOS SOCIAIS
INTERAGEM UNS COM OS OUTROS USANDO
REPRESENTANTES DE SOFTWARE.

Developing a NovaGenesis IoT
Towards a Trustable Fellowship of Self-Organizing “Things”
Social Devices
Window Sensor
Storm
Nobody at
home
Open window
Presence Sensors
Weather Sensors
Close the
window
Window !
Representative
Presence Sensors !
Representative
Weather Sensors !
Representative
Smart !
Assistant

Convergência IoE, SDE, Rádio Cognitivo e Sobre Fibra
Optical Switch
To “E” To “E”
From “H”
RoF RoF
Splitter
Access
Point
Spectrum
Analyzer
Antenna Control Link
From “H”
Throughtput (Mbps)
CINR (dB)
RF
Sa Freque
NovaGenesis Services
for Proxy/Gateway/
Control of:
!
ü Spectrum Sensing
ü Optically
Controlled
Antenna
ü Access Point
ü Wi-Fi VLAN
!
!

Developing a NovaGenesis IoT
Smart Future Internet Architecture
People!
Policies, Rules, Regulations, etc.
Self-Organizing!
Assistants, Controllers, Managers, etc.
Self-Organizing !
Physical World Representatives
Physical World

NovaGenesis in
the Media
TEDxInatel
TV Unisinos
G1
Engenharia É
TecMundo
BNAméricas

The NovaGenesis Team
2014
2013

Obrigado!
Antônio Marcos Alberti
!
www.inatel.br/novagenesis
www.inatel.br/woca
antonioalberti.blogspot.com
facebook.com/antoniomarcos.alberti
researchgate.net/profile/Antonio_Alberti
linkedin.com/profile/view?id=69752898
twitter.com/antoniomalberti

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