International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits (Vol 2 Issue 2)

International Journal of
Analog Integrated
Circuits
IJAICJUL–DEC 2016
www.journalspub.com
Mechanical Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Architecture
Applied Mechanics
5 more...
1 more...
2 more...
2 more...
5 more...
Computer Science and Engineering
Nanotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials
« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Material Sciences and Engineering
Chemistry
5 more...
4 more...
3 more...
Biotechnology
3 more...
Nursing
« International Journal of Immunological Nursing
« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
« International Journal of Neurological Nursing
« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing
« International Journal of Oncological Nursing
5 more... 4 more...
Subm
it
Your A
rticle2017

International Journals Publisher
JournalsPub is a multi-disciplinary international journal boosting innovative & eminence research work
by Division of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. Launched in 2014 under the support and guidance by our
Honorable EditorialBoard Members from renownedinstitutes.
ObjectivesofJournalsPub
 JournalsPub is international scholarly journal that publishes peer reviewed journal in the frontier areas of
AppliedSciences,MedicalandEngineering.
 JournalsPub publishes Original Research Papers, Review Papers, Popular Articles, Short
Communications&CaseStudy.
 Publishingspecialissues on Proceedingsof Conferences,SeminarsandSymposia.
 JournalsPub Publishes issues twice a year (bi-annually) in English-language which is available online
(openaccess)andinprintedversionwithagoaltopromoteanextensiveacademicawareness.
 JournalsPub desires to set a good benchmark in the publishing industry by launching more than 100+
new International Journals to help the scientific community to enhance communication within the
research communities and maintain a balance between the existing and emerging interdisciplinary
technologies.
 JournalsPub aims to provide quality research articles for Academic Researchers, Industrial
Professionals, Engineers, Scientists, Professors, etc. working in the areas of Applied Sciences, Medical
andEngineeringtocontributeandcommunicateinnovativework.
SalientFeatures
 An umbrellaof 100+ journalsthatcoversAppliedSciences,MedialandEngineeringArena.
 The first and one of the rapidly emerging publication website in Country as well as overseas for its
excellenceandexposure.
 Universaltransmissionandreflectivity.
 ARigorous, Fast andConstructivePeerReviewProcess
 SpeedyPublicationof Manuscripts
 EminentEditorialBoardMembersfromrenownedorganizations.
 FreeRegistration,OnlineSubmission, Processing, Publication&OnlineAccessofManuscripts.
 Thejournalpublishesnovelresearcharticleswithemphasison theoreticalandexperimentalwork.
Analog Integrated Circuits

JournalsPub (Division of Dhruv Infosystems Private Ltd.) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor,
CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journals. Statements and
opinionsexpressedintheJournalreflecttheviews oftheAuthor(s) andarenottheopinionofJournalsPub unlessso stated.
Subscription Information and Order
Cost of Journal
National Subscription
Rs. 3000/-perJournal(includes2 printissues), SingleIssue copypurchaseRs.1800/copy
International Subscription
OnlineOnly- $99, PrintOnly-$149 (includes2printissues)
Online+ Print-$199(includes2printissues +onlineaccessof publishedbackvolumes)
To purchaseprintcompilationof backissues pleasesendyourqueryatinfo@journalspub.com
Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India include speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change without
notice.
Mode of Payment:At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. ltd.,
payableatDelhi/NewDelhi.
OnlineAccess Policy
A). ForAuthors:
In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, JournalsPub also have OpenAccess Policy;
Authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as
follows:
India,SARC andAfricanCountries:INR 1500 includingsinglehardcopyofAuthor's Journal.
OtherCountries:USD 200includingsinglehardcopyofAuthor's Journal.
B.) ForSubscribers:
Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of correct
informationonuser details/StaticIPaddress of thesubscriber.
The accesswillbeblocked:
If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking due to technical issue. Misuse of the access rights
as pertheaccesspolicy.
Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: JournalsPub with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media
for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc.These
journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue.
The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very
welcome.
LostIssue Claims:Pleasenotethefollowingwhen applyingfor lostor missingissues:
Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the next issue
as perthefrequency.
Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will be
entertainedonlywiththeproofs whichwillbeverifiedatboththeends.
Claimsfiledduetoinsufficient(or nonotice)of changeof address willnotbehonored.
Change ofAddress of Dispatch should be intimated to JournalsPub at least 2 months prior to the dispatch schedule as per
thefrequencyby mentioningsubscriberID andthesubscriptionID.
Refundrequestswillnotbeentertained.
LegalDisputes
AllthelegaldisputesaresubjectedtoDelhiJurisdictiononly.
If you haveanyquestions,pleasecontactthePublicationManagementTeam:
info@journalspub.com;Tel:+910120-4347644.

Analog Integrated Circuits
International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits is a comprehensive journal that covers all aspects of
Analog Integrated Circuits and their integration into recent technologies that are the focus of ongoing
research. Journal has a wider scope including all major advancement in the technology and design that are
relatedtoanalogintegratedcircuits.Allarticlespresentedherearepeer-reviewedandareofgood quality.
Focus and Scope oftheJournal
 System Level Design
 Analogue Design, Simulation & Layout
 Digital Design, Simulation & Synthesis
 System Simulation & Verification
 Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
 Two transistor amplifiers
 Current Mirrors and active loads
 Output Stages
 Operational Amplifiers
 Frequency Response of Integrated Circuits
International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits is published twice a year (bi-annual) in India by
JournalsPub is an imprint of Dhruv Infosystems Pvt. Ltd. The outlooks stated in the articles do not
essentially reflect of the publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the
advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing
aprescriptionfor anyproductsmentionedinthispublication.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval or transmitted in any form without written
permissiontothepublisher.
To cite any of the material contained in this journal, in English or translation, please use the full English
reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact JournalsPub
(info@journalspub.com).

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM
INTERNAL MEMBERS
Associate Manager
Chairman
Mr. Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director,
JournalsPub,
New Delhi
Hidam Renubala
Ankita Singh
Deepika Bhadauria
Rekha Rani
Commissioning Editors
Dr. Chhavi Goel
Manisha Dhoble

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Arun Dev Dhar Dwiwedi
Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Poornina University Jaipur,
Rajasthan India
Dr. Anandhi Giri
YMT College of Management,
Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra,
India
Mr. Saptarshi Roy
Electrical Engineering, NIT
Warangal, Telangana, India
Ankur Ganguly
Batanagar Institute of Engineering
Management & Science, Techno India Group,
Maheshtala, India
Prem Prakash
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre, I.I.T. Roorkee,
Uttarakhand, India
Syed Abdur Rauf Magrabi
Harshith College of Engineering and
Technology, India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits. This journal is part of the
Electrical Engineering, and is devoted to the scope of present Electrical issues, from
theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging
technologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of International Journal of
Analog Integrated Circuits as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral
part of scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Electrical Engineering
community,addressing researchersandpractitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits in JournalsPub is to propagate novel
awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research
societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Electrical Engineering in general. Journals Pub
acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time &
successfully.
International Journal ofAnalog Integrated Circuits focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of
SystemLevelDesign,AnalogueDesign, Simulation&Layout, Digital Design, Simulation & Synthesis,
System Simulation & Verification, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, Two transistor
amplifiers, Current Mirrors and active loads, Output Stages, Operational Amplifiers, Frequency Response
ofIntegratedCircuits.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Electrical
Engineeringandsolutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Electrical
Engineering community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of
creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting
newdevelopmentsinthefieldofElectricalEngineering.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Electrical Engineering
readers andwillstimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofAnalogIntegratedCircuits.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Application of Mathematics to Electric Circuits
Indus Bala 1
2. Effect of Various Parameters and Equivalent Circuit Analysis on Degradation of Organic Solar Cell
Amit Mishra, Abhinav Shekhar, Sadhana Singh 5
3. An Effective Use of Renewable-Energy Sources on Charging the Battery of Cell Phone
Nikhil Somani, Pratul Gautam, Parag Sharma 10
4. Automatic Street Light and Irrigation Enabled Smart Microecosystem Using Solar Energy
Rahul Godhal, Renu, Parag Sharma 14
5. Performance Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic System Installed in Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan
Arun Kumar Nayak, Parag Sharma, Suraj Kumar Jangid 18
Contents

IJAIC (2016) 1–4 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Application of Mathematics to Electric Circuits
Indus Bala*
Baba Mast Nath University, Asthal Bohar, Rohtak, Haryana, India
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we explain the application of differential equations of first order and first
degree, which are helpful to find the rate of change of current flowing in closed circuit with
respect to the constraints (resistance, inductance, and capacitance).
Keywords: capacitance, closed electric circuit, current, inductance, resistance
INTRODUCTION
As all we know the vast applications of
mathematics in Engineering and
technology. Mathematics always touching
or helping our lives in one way or other
and in this paper we have chosen a very
important part of technology where again
mathematics proves it’s magic to solve the
complex circuit equations to the accurate
results in simplest way. The study of the
closed circuits built by active and passive
element, Active element i.e. a source of
energy comprises such as either a battery
or a generator and mainly with three
passive elements  resistance, inductance
and capacitance, is governed by the two
laws given by a renowned German
Physicist Gustav Kirchhoff.
1st Law: Kirchhoff’s first law widely
known as Kirchhoff’s current law. At any
point of a circuit, the sum of the inflowing
currents is equal to the sum of outflowing
currents and known as Kirchhoff’s current
law (KCL)
2nd Law: The second Law deals with
voltage drop in a closed network i.e. in a
closed circuit, the algebraic sum of the
voltage drop across each element of the
circuit is equal to the resultant
electromotive force and known as
Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) [1].
PRELIMINARIES
Resistance
The electrical resistance is the property of
a material by virtue of which it opposes
the flow of electrons through the material.
Thus, resistance restricts the flow of
electric current through the material. The
unit of resistance (R) being “ohm”, ()
quantitatively it is obtained from Ohm’s
law as the resistance offered by the
material when a current of I ampere flows
through it with V volt potential difference
across the material [2].
i.e., R
V
I
 (1)
When an electric current flows through
any conductor, the heat is generated due to
collision of free electrons with atoms. If I
amps be the strength of current for a
potential difference of V volts across the
conductor, the power absorbed by the
resistor is given by
P = VI = (IR) I = I2
R watts (2)
and the energy lost in the resistance in
form of heat is then expressed as
2
2
0
1
.
t
W dt PT I R
V
R t
tP    . (3)

IJAIC (2016) 5–9 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 5
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Effect of Various Parameters and Equivalent Circuit Analysis on
Degradation of Organic Solar Cell
Amit Mishra*
, Abhinav Shekhar, Sadhana Singh
Poornima University, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT
This study conducts a mathematical analysis on organic solar cells. Two modeling
approaches are studied, equivalent circuit model and optical model. Equivalent circuit model
study is conducted by undergoing parametric extraction study of two diode model by
implementing genetic algorithm using optimization toolbox in Matlab 2014. Two studies
conducted in this section, two diode model study on degradation of organic solar cell under
continuous illumination. The optimization studies includes the study on variation of short
circuit current depending on active layer thickness and developing maximum efficiency
profile for various band gaps by extending the Shockley Queisser limit calculations onto
organic solar cells.
Keywords: degradation of organic solar cell, equivalent circuit, organic solar cell, parametric
study, solar cell model
INTRODUCTION
A photovoltaic (PV) cell generates
electricity when it is illuminated by the sun
or some other light sources. Small PV cells
can be grouped to form panels, and panels
can be grouped to form arrays [1]. Among
renewable energy, solar energy is a
pollution free renewable energy source
which attributes high durability and
reliability [2]. The electrical analogy
modelling involves the representation of
processes in working of a solar call as
electrical networks. The advantage of
using such an approach is that it can
represents a complex system or processes
in terms simple circuit components whose
properties are well known. Equivalent
circuit approach is the conventional way of
modelling a solar cell, which creates a
model that is electronically equivalent to
the operation of the solar cell based on
discrete electrical components like
photocurrent generator diodes and
resistances. Depending on the number of
diodes used in the model, they are
different typed of models such as single
diode models and two diode models [1].
Ideal Solar Cell Model
Fig. 1. Equivalent solar cell model of an
ideal solar cell.
Solar cell is basically building block of PV
array [3]. Ideally a solar cell is a device
which absorbs sunlight and produces free
charges which are then drifted to
respective electrodes due to built-in

IJAIC (2016) 10-13 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 10
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
An Effective Use of Renewable-Energy Sources on Charging the
Battery of Cell Phone
Nikhil Somani*, Pratul Gautam, Parag Sharma
Department of Electrical, Poornima University, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT
Harnessing and utilizing renewable energy source at micro level is a tedious task, but always
has great importance as world is suffering from energy crisis with fast extinction of fossil fuel
and minimizing conventional electricity usage pattern. This paper considers application of
renewable source at micro level concerning on charging the battery of Cell-Phone. Basically
in this paper we showed how two most common renewable source Wind and Solar power are
used to charge the Cell-Phone’s battery. At first, by extracting wind power through a 12V Dc
Motor and change it in required DC voltage through some simple circuitry having TP4056
(Lithium battery charge controller) and IC7805 Circuitry. Later on, by extracting solar
power through 8V solar panel and convert it into required DC voltage through the same
circuitry that we use in Wind Extraction method. Hybrid dual powered technique used for
this application is tested on a hardware model and working successfully.
Keywords: dual source, hybrid charger, solar extraction, wind extraction
INTRODUCTION
Many time a condition will occurs with the
rapid industrialization development and
exploitation of natural resources which
result in non-charging of our daily use
gadgets like mobile. But this problem can
be resolved by using renewable-energy
resources technologies like solar charger
and dynamo [1]. We can use these devices
for charging mobile phones but a will
problem occur when there is no sunlight or
the light is not in a proper amount or solar
is not effective for long to give effective
charge for charging mobile phone’s
battery. In order to overcome from this
type of problem, observation has been
carried out with mobile phone and at
present we have come with a solution of
maintaining feasibility of energy stored in
the phone battery by “Hybrid Mobile
Charging System”. This concept uses both
wind and solar generated electrical energy
to charge mobile phones battery in an
efficient way.
Considering the energy availability crisis
and higher living cost [2], it is necessary to
find another option of power source for
such a system. So here, we propose a
system which will utilize the most used
Renewable-Energy source i.e. solar and
wind power, thereby checking the energy
crisis to a particular limit and is termed as
“Hybrid Mobile Charging System”.
Since hybrid systems include both solar
and wind power, they allow taking benefits
of both the energies. Obviously, solar
panels do not give energy during night, but
gives when wind is normally blowing and
conversely on the longest, hottest days of
summer, when wind often doesn’t blow,
the sun gives greatest source of energy for
solar panel. The wind is more likely to

International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuit
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Automatic Street Light and Irrigation Enabled Smart
Microecosystem Using Solar Energy
Rahul Godhal*, Renu, Parag Sharma
Department of Electrical Engineering, Poornima university, Jaipur
ABSTRACT
Rapid growth in energy demand world widely, expensive and limited fossil fuels, and with
new inventions and applications in the field of renewable energy sources; these all major
points leads us to effectively use renewable energy sources with respect to green energy, less
carbon foot print and safe future. This paper consist an effective smart micro ecosystem, for
that an experimental setup has been conducted which includes two applications of renewable
energy i.e. Automatic Street Light and Irrigation Control System using solar PV Module. In
this paper firstly, automatic street light control system application has been shown where,
timer IC 555 is used as a comparator which receive signal from LDR and act as a switch to
turn ON and OFF street light automatically whenever the sunlight goes below the visible
region and vice versa respectively. Secondly, for optimum gains on irrigation all kinds of
advanced techniques are now being used to achieve high production rate which includes
effective use of water resources. For that Irrigation Control System has been made to create
an automated irrigation mechanism which turns the pumping motor ON and OFF on
detecting the dry or wet soil moisture content of the earth respectively eliminating monitoring
of water level in soil. LM324 comparator is used for comparing reference and soil condition
parameters, which enables a pump controlled by relay using driver circuit. In this
experimental setup mainly the solar power is used to supply required power to the pump and
street lights. The main objective of this micro ecosystem is to save energy and maximum
utilization of available energy.
Keywords: automatic, automatic irrigation, smart microecosystem, solar energy, street light
INTRODUCTION
Solar energy is a renewable energy of
huge, long durable and no pollution.
Automatic Street light do not need manual
control, it is automatic control by sensing
the sunlight. Many times we can see that
street light glows also during the day
times, which causes wastage of energy. So
Automatic Street light can save the Energy
and also can store energy in batteries
during day time.
India economy mainly depends on the
agriculture systems but now a days the
agriculture system is not so efficient. The
main reason is a lack of rain due to the
global warming and scarcity of water in
reservoir, in order to improve the
agriculture systems, we introduce a new
technology i.e., automatic irrigation
system through a solar panel.
In this system, humidity sensors are used
to know that whether soil is wet or dry
condition [1]. When the soil is dry, the
humidity sensors sense the nature of land
and sent signal to the microcontroller, and
the motor is ON. During wet condition, the

International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuit
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Performance Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic System Installed in
Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan
Arun Kumar Nayak*, Parag Sharma, Suraj Kumar Jangid
Electrical Department, Poornima University, Jaipur, India
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the analysis of results obtained from continuous monitoring of a 100 kWp
solar photovoltaic system installed on the rooftop of academic building, Poornima
University, Jaipur, Rajasthan (26.90° N and 75.80° E). The system was monitored between
3rd April, 2016 and 30th April, 2016. The energy generated was fed into the existing power
grid and the respective building loads through SMA inverters. Daily, monthly performance
parameters of the plant evaluated which includes: Final yield (YF) ranged from 1.62 to 5.58
h/d, reference yield (YR) ranged from 4.32 to 6.92 h/d, system losses, Inverter efficiency,
capacity utilization factor (CUF) was found to be 0.178, and performance ratio (PR) ranged
from 31.90 to 96.0%.
Keywords: final yield, performance evaluation, roof-top, solar photovoltaic system
INTRODUCTION
Annual energy consumption in the world
is 10 TWh and this is estimated to reach 30
TWh in 2050 [1]. The rapidly growing
cost of fossil fuels, global warming,
environmental issues and their extinction
due to vast exhaustion; increases the
importance of the use of clean and
renewable energy sources. In addition to
that India is blessed with high mean daily
radiation and high number of sunny days
in most parts of the country it enables us
for harnessing most of solar photovoltaic
power.
Also due to the launch of several policies
and incentives like Jawaharlal Nehru
National Solar Mission (JNNSM), Feed-
in-Tariff, Accelerated Depreciation (AD),
Generation Based Incentives (GBI),
Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPO)
and Renewable Energy Certificates
(RECs) the Indian photovoltaic market is
rapidly growing, attracting an extensive
investment interest [2]. One of the best
features of rooftop solar PV systems is that
they can be granted and installed faster
than other types of renewable energy
power plants. They are clean, quiet, and
visually unobtrusive. The performance
evaluation with real data can allow the
detection of operational problems,
facilitate the comparison of systems that
may differ with respect to design and
evaluate the interaction of the photovoltaic
system with the local grid. In this paper,
the performance of the grid connected
photovoltaic system, from April 1 to April
30, 2016 has been analyzed on hourly and
daily basis. The derived parameters
include reference yield, array yield, final
yield, captures losses, system losses and
performance ratio.
SPV PLANT AT POORNIMA
UNIVERSITY
The 100 kWp solar power plant consists of
334 modules (ELDORA 300P, Vikram

International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits (Vol 2 Issue 2)

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (13)

Similar to International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits (Vol 2 Issue 2)

Similar to International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits (Vol 2 Issue 2) (12)

More from JournalsPub www.journalspub.com

More from JournalsPub www.journalspub.com (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits (Vol 2 Issue 2)