This document discusses the International Health Regulations (IHR), which provide a framework for international cooperation to control the spread of diseases. Some key points: 1. The IHR aim to prevent the international spread of diseases, encourage surveillance and capacity building, and ensure prompt notification of public health emergencies. 2. Vaccination requirements are outlined for certain diseases like smallpox, plague, cholera, and yellow fever. Smallpox vaccination is no longer recommended. 3. National IHR Focal Points have been established in countries to act as communication channels with WHO. India's focal point is the National Institute of Communicable Diseases. 4. The document outlines core surveillance and response capacities

8. From three diseases to all public health threats
From preset measures to adapted response
From control of borders to, also, containment at
source
What’s new?

9. USES OF IHR
1.It is the key global instrument for protection
against the international spread of diseases.
2. Encourages the nations to establish effective
surveillance and build capacity at various levels.
3.Ensures prompt notification of events that may
constitute public health emergency of
international concern, to WHO within 24 hrs.
4. Provides appropriate public health emergency
response.

10. INTERNATIONAL VACCINE REQUIREMENTS
1.SMALLPOX
a. The eradication of smallpox was confirmed by WHO
nearly 30 years ago.
b. Its vaccination is no longer is indicated and may be
dangerous to those who are vaccinated and those in close
contact with them.
2. PLAGUE
a.Vaccination against plague shall not be required as a
condition of admission of any person to a territory.
b. For the purpose of these regulations the incubation period
of plague is 6 days.

11. 3. CHOLERA
a. Vaccination against cholera cannot prevent the
introduction of the infection into a country.
b. The World Health Assembly amended the
International Health Regulations in 1973 so that
cholera vaccination should no longer
be required of any traveller.
c. The traditional parenteral cholera vaccination
conveys incomplete, unreliable protection of short
duration and its use is, therefore , not
recommended.

12. 4.YELLOW FEVER
a. Yellow fever is an epidemic viral disease of human
transmitted from infected to susceptible persons by aedes
aegypti mosquito.
b. According to IHR , the incubation period of yellow fever is
6 days.
c. Yelllow fever vaccination certificate is now the only
certificate that should be required in international travel,
and that only for a limited number of travellers.
d. The period of validity of an international certificate of
vaccination against yellow fever is 10 years, beginning
10days after vaccination.

13. NATIONAL FOCAL POINTS(NFP)
National IHR Focal Point” means the national
centre, designated by each State Party,
which shall be accessible at all times for
communications with WHO IHR Contact
Points. In each country, the national IHR
focal point has been established. In india,
national institute of communicable
disease(NICD)has been identified as
national IHR focal point. Toll free telephone
no. 1075 is setup to encourage lay reporting
to health authorities for recognition and
response to an unusual event or outbreak.

14. Core Capacity Requirements For Surveillance
and Response
1.At the local communitylevel and on on public
health response level:
Capacities-
a.To detect events involving disease or deaths
above expected levels for the particular time and
place in all areas within territory of state.
b. To report all available information to appropriate
levels of health care.
c. To implement preliminary control measure.

15. 2. At the intermediate public health Response
levels:
Capacities-
a. To confirm the status of reported events and to
support and implement additional control
measure.
b. To assess reported events immediately and if
found urgent , to report all essential information
to national level. The criteria for urgent events
include serious public health impact and/or
unusual or unexpected nature with high
potential for spread.

16. 3. At National level- Assessment and
Notification:
Capacities-
a.Process all report of urgent events within
48 hours, and
b.To notify WHO immediately through the
national IHR focal point.

17. Thank You