This study examined the anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) and exercise in rats. The results showed that both 6 weeks of exercise and chronic administration of MgO NPs individually reduced anxiety in rats. However, when MgO NPs were administered during exercise, there was no additional reduction in anxiety beyond the effects of exercise alone. The study suggests that exercise and MgO NPs may reduce anxiety through common mechanisms in the central nervous system.
This study examined the androgenic effects of three progestagens (norethisterone, uterogestan, and medroxyprogesterone acetate) on bone density in castrated male mice. The progestagens were administered to castrated mice for 3 months. Bone density, ash weight, and mineral content were measured in the tibia. Kidney and seminal vesicle weights were also examined. Only norethisterone showed a slight but statistically significant increase in bone density compared to castrated mice. The other progestagens and castration had no effect on bone density, ash weight, mineral content, kidney weight, or seminal vesicle weight. This suggests that only norethisterone has
Je ponline april2012kaminagakura_zagattoPaulo Redkva
The document examines whether the running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) can predict anaerobic capacity as measured by maximum accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD). Eleven trained runners completed a RAST and tests to determine MAOD. No significant correlations were found between any RAST variables (peak power, mean power, fatigue index, maximal velocity, mean velocity) and MAOD. The study concludes that RAST does not predict anaerobic capacity in runners as measured by MAOD.
Effectiveness of physiotherapy exercise after knee arthroplasty for oa.FUAD HAZIME
This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of physiotherapy exercise after knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis. The review included 6 randomized controlled trials that compared physiotherapy exercise interventions to usual care or different exercise interventions after discharge. The review found small to moderate benefits of functional exercise for function, range of motion, and quality of life 3-4 months after surgery. However, benefits were no longer evident at 1 year, suggesting no long term benefit of physiotherapy exercise after knee arthroplasty.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of patellar taping for patellofemoral pain (PFP) and identified potential biomechanical mechanisms. The review included 20 studies on the effects of various taping techniques on pain and lower limb biomechanics in individuals with PFP. The main findings were: 1) Tailored (customized) patellar taping provided immediate large reductions in pain, while untailored taping provided small reductions; 2) Tailored taping was associated with earlier onset of vastus medialis oblique muscle contraction; 3) Limited evidence suggested tailored taping combined with exercise provided superior pain relief compared to exercise alone at 4 weeks. The review concluded tailored taping application is important
Effect of naringenin on 3 np induced huntington’s disease like symptoms by es...IJARIIT
The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Naringenin, a flavonoid on 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-
induced Huntington’s disease like symptoms by estimations of motor co-ordination and behavioral parameters. 3-NP is an
irreversible inhibitor of complex II in the mitochondria. 3-NP-induced neurodegeneration has been widely used as an animal
model of Huntington’s disease (HD). It replicates the pathology of HD by causing oxidative stress. Naringenin is a polyphenolic
compound, a bioflavonoid, known to have a neuroprotective effect in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. In the present study,
the neuroprotective effect of Naringenin on 3-NP induced oxidative stress in the rat was determined by behavioral parameters.
Rats were induced with 3-NP (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 21 days and rats induced with 3-NP were treated with Naringenin
(25mg/kg and 75mg/kg) for 21 days. 3-NP caused a decline in motor function in the neurological score, locomotor activity, and
impaired rotarod activity. Naringenin treatment significantly improved grip strength indicating an improvement in motor
performance, alterations in % spontaneous alternations. These findings suggest the antioxidant potential of Naringenin
flavonoid against 3-Nitropionic acid induced neurotoxicity. However, more investigations are required to elucidate the cellular
mechanisms of Naringenin against 3-Nitropropionic acid induced Huntington’s disease like symptoms.
Effect of Regular Exercise on Prolactin Secretion: A Pilot StudyIOSR Journals
Abstract:
Introduction: Evidence suggested that exercise may affects release of prolactin hormone. Participation in
exercise may increase secretion of prolactin hormone and may give sharp decrease in secretion of prolactin and
not only that published work demanded that there is no effect of exercise on secretion of prolactin. In this
context the researcher intend to know whether exercise affects positively or negatively or not on the release of
prolactin hormone. Aim: Determine whether participation in exercise may increase the level of secretion of
prolactine hormone or not. Method: Only two female students 29 years aged were participated in this study.
They were regularly practiced yogic asana and pranayam for 1 hour per day in the evening, 6 days per week,
for 8 weeks. The level of prolactin hormone was assessed by CLI method. In the present study all the
measurements were done at the baseline and 8 weeks of exercise training. Simple percentage calculated from
the mean value to see the quantitative changes in secretion of prolactin due to participation in the exercise
training. Result: Pre test mean was 5.80 and post test mean was 17.63 which imply that 203.96% increase in
secretion of prolactin significantly. Discussion and Conclusion: Level of secretion increased may be due to
multiple neural pathways that influence PRL secretion converges on the hypothalamus from other parts of the
brain; the effect of exercise on the secretion of PRL may also reflect the action of different neural inputs on the
activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis.
Key word: Exercise; Prolactin.
Sex, Drugs, and Bad Choices: Modeling Human Decision Making in RatsInsideScientific
To learn more and watch the webinar, go to:
https://insidescientific.com/webinar/sex-drugs-and-bad-choices-modeling-human-decision-making-in-rats/
Nearly every aspect of life involves decisions between options that differ in both their expected rewards and the potential costs (such as delay to reward delivery or risk of harm) that accompany those rewards. The ability to choose adaptively when faced with such decisions is critical for well-being and overall quality of life; however, decision making is often compromised in neuropsychiatric conditions such as substance use disorders, which can prolong and exacerbate their severity and co-morbidities.
During this webinar, Dr. Barry Setlow discusses research in rodent models investigating behavioral and biological mechanisms of cost-benefit decision making. In particular, he focuses on factors (including sex) that contribute to differences in cost-benefit decision making across the population, how variability in decision making is related to substance use, and how substance use can produce long-lasting alterations in decision making. It is hoped that a better understanding of these relationships may lead to new therapeutic approaches for neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by maladaptive decision making.
Key Topics Include:
- Understand how different forms of cost-benefit decision making can be modeled in rats
- Understand the contributions of gonadal hormones to sex differences in cost-benefit decision making
- Understand the lasting effects of chronic cocaine on cost-benefit decision making
This study examined the androgenic effects of three progestagens (norethisterone, uterogestan, and medroxyprogesterone acetate) on bone density in castrated male mice. The progestagens were administered to castrated mice for 3 months. Bone density, ash weight, and mineral content were measured in the tibia. Kidney and seminal vesicle weights were also examined. Only norethisterone showed a slight but statistically significant increase in bone density compared to castrated mice. The other progestagens and castration had no effect on bone density, ash weight, mineral content, kidney weight, or seminal vesicle weight. This suggests that only norethisterone has
Je ponline april2012kaminagakura_zagattoPaulo Redkva
The document examines whether the running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) can predict anaerobic capacity as measured by maximum accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD). Eleven trained runners completed a RAST and tests to determine MAOD. No significant correlations were found between any RAST variables (peak power, mean power, fatigue index, maximal velocity, mean velocity) and MAOD. The study concludes that RAST does not predict anaerobic capacity in runners as measured by MAOD.
Effectiveness of physiotherapy exercise after knee arthroplasty for oa.FUAD HAZIME
This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of physiotherapy exercise after knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis. The review included 6 randomized controlled trials that compared physiotherapy exercise interventions to usual care or different exercise interventions after discharge. The review found small to moderate benefits of functional exercise for function, range of motion, and quality of life 3-4 months after surgery. However, benefits were no longer evident at 1 year, suggesting no long term benefit of physiotherapy exercise after knee arthroplasty.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of patellar taping for patellofemoral pain (PFP) and identified potential biomechanical mechanisms. The review included 20 studies on the effects of various taping techniques on pain and lower limb biomechanics in individuals with PFP. The main findings were: 1) Tailored (customized) patellar taping provided immediate large reductions in pain, while untailored taping provided small reductions; 2) Tailored taping was associated with earlier onset of vastus medialis oblique muscle contraction; 3) Limited evidence suggested tailored taping combined with exercise provided superior pain relief compared to exercise alone at 4 weeks. The review concluded tailored taping application is important
Effect of naringenin on 3 np induced huntington’s disease like symptoms by es...IJARIIT
The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Naringenin, a flavonoid on 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-
induced Huntington’s disease like symptoms by estimations of motor co-ordination and behavioral parameters. 3-NP is an
irreversible inhibitor of complex II in the mitochondria. 3-NP-induced neurodegeneration has been widely used as an animal
model of Huntington’s disease (HD). It replicates the pathology of HD by causing oxidative stress. Naringenin is a polyphenolic
compound, a bioflavonoid, known to have a neuroprotective effect in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. In the present study,
the neuroprotective effect of Naringenin on 3-NP induced oxidative stress in the rat was determined by behavioral parameters.
Rats were induced with 3-NP (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 21 days and rats induced with 3-NP were treated with Naringenin
(25mg/kg and 75mg/kg) for 21 days. 3-NP caused a decline in motor function in the neurological score, locomotor activity, and
impaired rotarod activity. Naringenin treatment significantly improved grip strength indicating an improvement in motor
performance, alterations in % spontaneous alternations. These findings suggest the antioxidant potential of Naringenin
flavonoid against 3-Nitropionic acid induced neurotoxicity. However, more investigations are required to elucidate the cellular
mechanisms of Naringenin against 3-Nitropropionic acid induced Huntington’s disease like symptoms.
Effect of Regular Exercise on Prolactin Secretion: A Pilot StudyIOSR Journals
Abstract:
Introduction: Evidence suggested that exercise may affects release of prolactin hormone. Participation in
exercise may increase secretion of prolactin hormone and may give sharp decrease in secretion of prolactin and
not only that published work demanded that there is no effect of exercise on secretion of prolactin. In this
context the researcher intend to know whether exercise affects positively or negatively or not on the release of
prolactin hormone. Aim: Determine whether participation in exercise may increase the level of secretion of
prolactine hormone or not. Method: Only two female students 29 years aged were participated in this study.
They were regularly practiced yogic asana and pranayam for 1 hour per day in the evening, 6 days per week,
for 8 weeks. The level of prolactin hormone was assessed by CLI method. In the present study all the
measurements were done at the baseline and 8 weeks of exercise training. Simple percentage calculated from
the mean value to see the quantitative changes in secretion of prolactin due to participation in the exercise
training. Result: Pre test mean was 5.80 and post test mean was 17.63 which imply that 203.96% increase in
secretion of prolactin significantly. Discussion and Conclusion: Level of secretion increased may be due to
multiple neural pathways that influence PRL secretion converges on the hypothalamus from other parts of the
brain; the effect of exercise on the secretion of PRL may also reflect the action of different neural inputs on the
activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis.
Key word: Exercise; Prolactin.
Sex, Drugs, and Bad Choices: Modeling Human Decision Making in RatsInsideScientific
To learn more and watch the webinar, go to:
https://insidescientific.com/webinar/sex-drugs-and-bad-choices-modeling-human-decision-making-in-rats/
Nearly every aspect of life involves decisions between options that differ in both their expected rewards and the potential costs (such as delay to reward delivery or risk of harm) that accompany those rewards. The ability to choose adaptively when faced with such decisions is critical for well-being and overall quality of life; however, decision making is often compromised in neuropsychiatric conditions such as substance use disorders, which can prolong and exacerbate their severity and co-morbidities.
During this webinar, Dr. Barry Setlow discusses research in rodent models investigating behavioral and biological mechanisms of cost-benefit decision making. In particular, he focuses on factors (including sex) that contribute to differences in cost-benefit decision making across the population, how variability in decision making is related to substance use, and how substance use can produce long-lasting alterations in decision making. It is hoped that a better understanding of these relationships may lead to new therapeutic approaches for neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by maladaptive decision making.
Key Topics Include:
- Understand how different forms of cost-benefit decision making can be modeled in rats
- Understand the contributions of gonadal hormones to sex differences in cost-benefit decision making
- Understand the lasting effects of chronic cocaine on cost-benefit decision making
INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON MUSCLE ACTIVITY PATTERNS DURING NORMAL AND FAST WALKING ijbesjournal
Electromyography (EMG) signals are often described as electrical manifestation of neuromuscular
activation associated with the muscles. These signals are commonly utilized as principal input signals to
control several prosthetic devices such as prosthetic hands, arm, lower limbs, and exoskeleton robots as
well as in designing of rehabilitation and assistive devices. It is well proven that EMG signals vary among
subjects and gender is one of the major factors that play a significant role in this variation. This study
detects the possible gender differences by measuring changes in the EMG activity during different phases
of human walking by acquiring the surface EMG signals from Gluteus Maximus, Hamstrings (biceps
femoris), Quadriceps (rectus femoris) and Soleus muscles of the leg with the healthy subjects walking
barefoot at two paces-normal and fast. The statistical analysis of the results showed no gender differences
at normal speed of walking but when speed of walking changed; it showed clear differences in the
behavior of these muscles. The results from this study would aid in designing closed loop control strategy
for designing a smart functional electrical stimulator (FES) which is the larger goal of this research.
This study aimed to investigate the neuromotor effects of transverse friction massage (TFM) on the quadriceps femoris tendon using surface electromyography, force sensors, and ultrafast ultrasound. Fourteen healthy males received TFM on their quadriceps tendon while fifteen controls rested. Signals were recorded before and after TFM/resting to analyze time delays related to excitation-contraction coupling, force transmission, and electromechanical delay during voluntary contractions. Results showed TFM increased the time of excitation-contraction coupling and electromechanical delay, while decreasing time of force transmission, suggesting TFM influences neuro-motor mechanisms and changes muscle and tendon stiffness. The study provides insight into how TFM applied
This study investigated the effects of noradrenaline and dopamine on central fatigue after prolonged cycling. Well-trained men completed a 60-minute cycling task at 55% of their maximum power output, followed by a time trial. They received either a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, dopamine reuptake inhibitor, or placebo before exercise. Compared to placebo, the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor impaired time trial performance and increased central fatigue, as shown by reduced voluntary muscle activation and worse cognitive performance on a vigilance task post-exercise. The dopamine reuptake inhibitor did not significantly affect any outcomes. This suggests that noradrenaline, but not dopamine, contributes to the development of central fatigue after prolonged cycling
1) The study compared the effects of two forms of telerehabilitation training on ankle function after stroke - ankle tracking training (Track group) versus repetitive ankle movements (Move group).
2) Ankle dorsiflexion during gait increased significantly more for the Track group than the Move group after training. Brain activation patterns also differed between the groups.
3) Forced learning through ankle tracking was found to produce greater improvements in ankle function during walking compared to simple forced use of the ankle. Telerehabilitation was deemed a feasible approach for stroke rehabilitation.
Integrating Metabolic Phenotyping with Behavioral NeuroscienceInsideScientific
LIVE WEBINAR: November, 3, 2017
Sponsor: Sable Systems International (https://www.sablesys.com/)
Dr. John Lighton Ph.D. author of "Measuring Metabolic Rates: A Manual for Scientists" (Oxford University Press, 2008) shows how to properly plan and execute combination studies integrating high-resolution metabolic measurement and behavioral data.
Important physiological-behavioral linkages can be uncovered and quantified using the rich data stream from Sable Systems’ Promethion synchronized metabolic and behavioral system in conjunction with its Ethoscan behavioral analysis utility. Topics include behavior and energy expenditure lists, anxiety assays, time and locomotion budgets, behavior transition probability matrices, Markov chains, hierarchical object clustering and automated grouping by similarity - all invaluable tools for discovery.
Following, Daniel Lark PhD, a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Vanderbilt University working in collaboration with Dr. David Wasserman, presents findings on compensatory metabolic and behavioral responses to voluntary exercise in mice. He has extensive experience using behavioral analysis together with conventional metabolic phenotyping.
This document summarizes a review of literature on the effects of exercise training on patients with mitochondrial myopathy (MM). The review included 7 studies that examined endurance training, resistance training, or a combination. The main findings were that exercise training significantly improved functional outcomes for MM patients, including aerobic capacity (VO2), muscle strength, and quality of life. Improvements occurred despite increases in mitochondrial mutation loads with training. No adverse effects from exercise training were reported. The review concluded that exercise training is an effective therapy for MM patients that can improve function without apparent safety concerns.
Adapted progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation for determining lifting ca...Premier Publishers
Weight of the load and its characteristics is considered to be the important risk factor for low back disorders (LBD) among manual materials handlers. Determining weight of the load and the amount of load a person can lift is important in minimizing the incidence of LBD. Among various methods like isometric, isoinertial and isokinetic, isoinertial approach of lifting evaluation is best as it is safe, inexpensive, simple and dynamically represents real world lifting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of adapted progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation (PILE) for determining maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL). This experimental study was conducted among 30 adult male participants recruited from a university community. Adaptation was done to the box dimensions and the weights used for PILE. The subjects were instructed to perform the PILE protocol using adapted box and weights using free lifting technique at two vertical distances and lifting capacity was determined. Heart rate was monitored throughout the trial and the participants were asked to rate their discomfort in a six point likert scale. All the participants were comfortable in performing adapted PILE and no untoward incident was noticed during the procedure. It may be feasible to adapt PILE for determining lifting capacity.
- A meta-analysis of 16 studies found that rinsing the mouth with a carbohydrate solution during endurance exercise has a small but statistically significant effect of improving performance compared to a placebo.
- The overall effect size was 0.28, indicating a small performance benefit from carbohydrate mouth rinsing. Higher carbohydrate concentrations in the mouth rinse resulted in better performance.
- Study characteristics like exercise mode, pre-exercise diet, and type of carbohydrate did not significantly affect the results of the meta-analysis.
The study investigated the effects of listening to self-selected music during recovery between two bouts of fatiguing leg exercises. Thirty-nine participants performed maximal leg extensions before and after a 2-minute recovery with no music, white noise, or self-selected slow or fast tempo music. There were no significant differences in peak torque or torque decline between the music and control conditions. However, peak torque significantly decreased more for men than women from pre-to-post testing, regardless of recovery condition. The results indicate that self-selected music was not an effective diverting activity during recovery from fatiguing exercise.
Rat Model, Physical Activity, and Eating Behavior 8 April 2014Kylie Pybus
I. This document discusses physical activity and gene expression in a rat model of depression. It examines the effects of exercise on cognitive behavior and gene expression in brain regions involved in depression.
II. It then reviews physical activity and food behaviors in the college population. Factors influencing energy balance in college students are discussed, as well as physical activity trends, measurements, interventions, and theories.
III. The majority of college students do not meet physical activity guidelines. Research has examined social, environmental, and individual factors influencing behaviors. Interventions aim to promote lifetime physical activity and wellness in this population.
Comparison of the Acute Hypervolemic Capacities of Erythropoietin and U-74389...CrimsonpublishersITERM
Aim: This study compared the hyper volemic capacities of erythropoietin (Epo) and antioxidant drug U-74389G based on 2 preliminary studies. The provided results at mean corpuscular volumes (MCV) levels augmentation were co-evaluated in a hypoxia re oxygenation protocol of an animal model.
Materials and methods: MCV levels (MCVl) were evaluated at the 60th reoxygenation min (for groups A, C and E) and at the 120th reoxygenation min (for groups B, D and F) in 60 rats. Groups A and B received no drugs, rats from groups C and D were administered with Epo; whereas rats from groups E and F were administered with U-74389G.
Results: The first preliminary study of Epo non-significantly increased the MCVl by 0.30%+0.39% (p-value=0.4430). However, the second preliminary study of U-74389G significantly rised the MCVl by 1.60%+0.43% (p-value=0.0005). These 2 studies were co-evaluated since they came from the same experimental setting. The outcome of the co-evaluation was that U-74389G has 4.352528-fold hypervolemic potency than Epo (p-value=0.0000).
Conclusion: The anti-oxidant capacities of U-74389G accelerate the acute hypervolemic properties; presenting 4.352528-fold rise on MCVl than epo (p-value=0.0000)
Effect of Yoga on Selected Physical and Physiological Variables of Physical E...iosrjce
According to medical scientists, yoga therapy is successful because of the balance created in the
nervous and endocrine systems which directly influences all the other systems and organs of the body. Yoga acts
both as a “Curative therapy”. The very essence of yoga lies in attaining mental peace, improved concentration
powers, a relaxed state of living and harmony in relationship.Regular practice of asana, pranayama and
meditation can help such diverse, ailments such as diabetes, blood pressure, digestive disorders, arthritis,
arteriosclerosis, chronic fatigue, asthma, varicose veins and heart conditions. Laboratory tests have proved the
yogi’s increased abilities of consciously controlling autonomic or involuntary functions, such as temperature,
heartbeat and blood pressure.The study was undertaken with the aim to observe the effect of yoga(asana
&pranayama) onselected physical & physiological variables of physical education B.P.ED (Bachelor of
Physical Education) and M.P.ED (Master of Physical Education) students.For this study total 40 male students
were selected as subject from SGGS Khalsa College Mahilpur, Punjab, India. Their age ranged between 18-24
years. Students were given the treatment of selected yogicasana &pranayama for 12 weeks Result shows that the
regular practice of yoga improvedphysical variables (Muscular strength & endurance of trunk; and flexibility)
& physiologicalvariables (Pulse Rate, Vital Capacity & Peak Flow Rate) significantly.
1) The study examined electromyographic (EMG) activity in the anterior, middle, and posterior subdivisions of gluteus medius (GM) muscle during three weight-bearing exercises: wall squat, pelvic drop, and wall press.
2) The results showed significant differences in activation levels between the three GM subdivisions and between the three exercises.
3) The wall press produced the highest activation overall and was most effective at activating the posterior GM subdivision, which typically displays higher activation than the other two subdivisions.
1) A study compared the hormonal, neuromuscular, and recovery responses between forced repetition (FR) training and maximum repetition (MR) training. FR resulted in greater decreases in muscle force and activity compared to MR.
2) Several studies examined the effects of forced repetitions, finding they induce greater acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses than traditional training and may overload the neuromuscular system more, especially for strength athletes.
3) Other training techniques like tri-sets, drop sets, and rest-pause were also examined in studies and found to effectively increase metabolic and mechanical stresses through greater time under tension, workload, and muscle recruitment compared to traditional sets performed to failure.
This study aimed to determine which exercises best activate the gluteus medius and superior portion of the gluteus maximus muscles while minimizing activation of the tensor fascia lata muscle. Researchers used fine-wire electromyography to measure muscle activity in the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and tensor fascia lata muscles during 11 different exercises in 20 healthy subjects. They found that the clam exercise, sidestepping, unilateral bridging, and quadruped hip extension activated the gluteal muscles significantly more than the tensor fascia lata muscle.
This study examined the effects of 8 weeks of endurance training and wild pistachio supplementation on liver micronutrients in rats. 28 female rats were divided into 4 groups: a saline-control group, a pistachio-control group, a saline-training group, and a pistachio-training group. The training groups exercised 5 days a week for 8 weeks, and the pistachio groups received oral pistachio extracts for 4 weeks. Liver biopsies found significantly higher levels of zinc, copper, and calcium in the pistachio-training group compared to the other groups. The results suggest that combining training with pistachio supplementation may improve liver micronutrient levels after endurance training compared
The document describes a randomized controlled trial that tested the efficacy of Brain Endurance Training (BET) in alleviating fatigue during endurance exercise. BET involves performing mentally fatiguing tasks concurrently with aerobic exercise training. The study found that combining BET with standard endurance training increased endurance performance and reduced ratings of perceived exertion more than standard training alone. Specifically, the time to exhaustion during exercise tests increased more in the BET group compared to the control group performing only aerobic training.
The document summarizes two experiments: 1) A fitness experiment that observed the effect of 10 weeks of jump squats on muscle response. It found improvements in vertical jump height, speed, and power. Flexibility also slightly increased. 2) A microarray experiment that observed the effect of H2O2 on cells. It found cells upregulated genes involved in oxidoreductase pathways and downregulated genes for apoptosis and signaling not involved in oxidoreductase. Both experiments showed the body and cells can adapt to and defend against external and internal stresses.
EFFECT OF POSTURAL CONTROL BIOMECHANICAL GAIN ON PSYCHOPHYSICAL DETECTION THR...ijbbjournal
A Sliding Linear Investigative Platform for Assessing Lower Limb Stability (SLIP-FALLS) was employed to study postural control biomechanical reaction to external perturbations in a short ≤16mm postural perturbation. Head acceleration were evaluated while blindfolded subjects stood on a platform that was given a short anterior perturbation presented in one of 2 sequential 4s intervals (2-Alternative-ForcedChoice) for a set of 30 trials. Anterior-Posterior head acceleration (Head Accl AP) were investigated among the movement and non- movement intervals for the healthy adults. A strong ringing signal was observed in Head Accl AP movement interval that was absent in non-movement interval. A positive power
law trading relationship was found between Head Accl AP gain and move length standing blindfolded subjects. This could explain the observed negative power law relationship between translation length and peak acceleration threshold in previous psychophysical detection threshold studies.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirectJournal of Orthop.docxbobbywlane695641
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Orthopaedics
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jor
The effect of peripheral nervous system in growing bone biomechanics. An
experimental study
Ioannis Gkiatasa,∗, Ioannis Kostas-Agnantisa, Symeon Agathopoulosb, Dimitrios Papadopoulosa,
Marios Vekrisa, Ioannis Gelalisa, Vasilios Gavrielatosa, Anastasios Korompiliasa
a Department of Orthoapedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
b Laboratory of Ceramics and Composite Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Bone
Peripheral nervous system
Biomechanics
Denervation
A B S T R A C T
Objective: There are several factors which affect bone growth. One of them is the peripheralnervous system
whose effect on the biomechanics has not been extensively studied. The purpose of this study is to assess the
effect of peripheral nervous system in bone biomechanics in an experimental rat model.
Materials & methods: 27 male Wistar rats were used. In all animals, the roots of the right brachial plexus were
dissected and after that the animals were divided into three groups A, B and C. The animals were sacrificed six,
nine, and twelve months respectively after the denervation. Both humerus were resected and biomechanical
analysis was performed.
Results: According to the findings of the present study the denervated bones sustain less loading before fracture
and they become also more elastic. Additionally, in greater time after denervation plastic deformity is noticed.
Conclusion: Apart from structural changes, the peripheral nerves are responsible for biomechanic changes in the
bones such the greater elasticity of the bone and the reduced strength
1. Introduction
The metabolism of the bone depends on several factors which begin
the regulation of bone formation in utero.1 These factors include ge-
netic factors such as hormones, mechanical factors such as loading and
tensile forces, as well as anatomical factors such as the innervation of
the bone.2 Bone is a living tissue, which must be stiff, flexible enough to
absorb energy and light enough to allow mobility.1,3 Additionally, in
bone tissue continuous remodeling is noticed.4 Concerning the role of
peripheral nervous system in bone metabolism, it seems that its role is
double: firstly the regulation of the mechanical forces applied to the
bone and secondly the provision of crucial trophic factors for the
functionality and the structure of the bone as well.5 Both neuropep-
tides, such as calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive
intestinal peptide (VIP), as well as neurotrophines such as nerve growth
factor (NGF), contribute in the metabolism of the bone.6
The muscle system also affects the bone metabolism as an indirect
effect of the peripheral nervous system. Muscles are responsible for the
mechanical forces applied to the bones which are strongly correlate.
2 Brain activation and exhaustion - Kilty et al 2011-annotated.pdfJorgeSilva638591
1) The study investigated how communication between the mid/anterior insular cortex and motor cortex changes during a fatiguing cycling exercise using electroencephalography (EEG).
2) Results showed that lagged phase synchronization, a measure of intracortical communication, significantly increased between the mid/anterior insular cortex and motor cortex at the end of the fatiguing cycling exercise compared to the beginning.
3) Lagged phase synchronization returned to baseline levels during a recovery cycling period after subjects stopped exercising, indicating the increased communication was specific to the fatigued state.
INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON MUSCLE ACTIVITY PATTERNS DURING NORMAL AND FAST WALKING ijbesjournal
Electromyography (EMG) signals are often described as electrical manifestation of neuromuscular
activation associated with the muscles. These signals are commonly utilized as principal input signals to
control several prosthetic devices such as prosthetic hands, arm, lower limbs, and exoskeleton robots as
well as in designing of rehabilitation and assistive devices. It is well proven that EMG signals vary among
subjects and gender is one of the major factors that play a significant role in this variation. This study
detects the possible gender differences by measuring changes in the EMG activity during different phases
of human walking by acquiring the surface EMG signals from Gluteus Maximus, Hamstrings (biceps
femoris), Quadriceps (rectus femoris) and Soleus muscles of the leg with the healthy subjects walking
barefoot at two paces-normal and fast. The statistical analysis of the results showed no gender differences
at normal speed of walking but when speed of walking changed; it showed clear differences in the
behavior of these muscles. The results from this study would aid in designing closed loop control strategy
for designing a smart functional electrical stimulator (FES) which is the larger goal of this research.
This study aimed to investigate the neuromotor effects of transverse friction massage (TFM) on the quadriceps femoris tendon using surface electromyography, force sensors, and ultrafast ultrasound. Fourteen healthy males received TFM on their quadriceps tendon while fifteen controls rested. Signals were recorded before and after TFM/resting to analyze time delays related to excitation-contraction coupling, force transmission, and electromechanical delay during voluntary contractions. Results showed TFM increased the time of excitation-contraction coupling and electromechanical delay, while decreasing time of force transmission, suggesting TFM influences neuro-motor mechanisms and changes muscle and tendon stiffness. The study provides insight into how TFM applied
This study investigated the effects of noradrenaline and dopamine on central fatigue after prolonged cycling. Well-trained men completed a 60-minute cycling task at 55% of their maximum power output, followed by a time trial. They received either a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, dopamine reuptake inhibitor, or placebo before exercise. Compared to placebo, the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor impaired time trial performance and increased central fatigue, as shown by reduced voluntary muscle activation and worse cognitive performance on a vigilance task post-exercise. The dopamine reuptake inhibitor did not significantly affect any outcomes. This suggests that noradrenaline, but not dopamine, contributes to the development of central fatigue after prolonged cycling
1) The study compared the effects of two forms of telerehabilitation training on ankle function after stroke - ankle tracking training (Track group) versus repetitive ankle movements (Move group).
2) Ankle dorsiflexion during gait increased significantly more for the Track group than the Move group after training. Brain activation patterns also differed between the groups.
3) Forced learning through ankle tracking was found to produce greater improvements in ankle function during walking compared to simple forced use of the ankle. Telerehabilitation was deemed a feasible approach for stroke rehabilitation.
Integrating Metabolic Phenotyping with Behavioral NeuroscienceInsideScientific
LIVE WEBINAR: November, 3, 2017
Sponsor: Sable Systems International (https://www.sablesys.com/)
Dr. John Lighton Ph.D. author of "Measuring Metabolic Rates: A Manual for Scientists" (Oxford University Press, 2008) shows how to properly plan and execute combination studies integrating high-resolution metabolic measurement and behavioral data.
Important physiological-behavioral linkages can be uncovered and quantified using the rich data stream from Sable Systems’ Promethion synchronized metabolic and behavioral system in conjunction with its Ethoscan behavioral analysis utility. Topics include behavior and energy expenditure lists, anxiety assays, time and locomotion budgets, behavior transition probability matrices, Markov chains, hierarchical object clustering and automated grouping by similarity - all invaluable tools for discovery.
Following, Daniel Lark PhD, a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Vanderbilt University working in collaboration with Dr. David Wasserman, presents findings on compensatory metabolic and behavioral responses to voluntary exercise in mice. He has extensive experience using behavioral analysis together with conventional metabolic phenotyping.
This document summarizes a review of literature on the effects of exercise training on patients with mitochondrial myopathy (MM). The review included 7 studies that examined endurance training, resistance training, or a combination. The main findings were that exercise training significantly improved functional outcomes for MM patients, including aerobic capacity (VO2), muscle strength, and quality of life. Improvements occurred despite increases in mitochondrial mutation loads with training. No adverse effects from exercise training were reported. The review concluded that exercise training is an effective therapy for MM patients that can improve function without apparent safety concerns.
Adapted progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation for determining lifting ca...Premier Publishers
Weight of the load and its characteristics is considered to be the important risk factor for low back disorders (LBD) among manual materials handlers. Determining weight of the load and the amount of load a person can lift is important in minimizing the incidence of LBD. Among various methods like isometric, isoinertial and isokinetic, isoinertial approach of lifting evaluation is best as it is safe, inexpensive, simple and dynamically represents real world lifting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of adapted progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation (PILE) for determining maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL). This experimental study was conducted among 30 adult male participants recruited from a university community. Adaptation was done to the box dimensions and the weights used for PILE. The subjects were instructed to perform the PILE protocol using adapted box and weights using free lifting technique at two vertical distances and lifting capacity was determined. Heart rate was monitored throughout the trial and the participants were asked to rate their discomfort in a six point likert scale. All the participants were comfortable in performing adapted PILE and no untoward incident was noticed during the procedure. It may be feasible to adapt PILE for determining lifting capacity.
- A meta-analysis of 16 studies found that rinsing the mouth with a carbohydrate solution during endurance exercise has a small but statistically significant effect of improving performance compared to a placebo.
- The overall effect size was 0.28, indicating a small performance benefit from carbohydrate mouth rinsing. Higher carbohydrate concentrations in the mouth rinse resulted in better performance.
- Study characteristics like exercise mode, pre-exercise diet, and type of carbohydrate did not significantly affect the results of the meta-analysis.
The study investigated the effects of listening to self-selected music during recovery between two bouts of fatiguing leg exercises. Thirty-nine participants performed maximal leg extensions before and after a 2-minute recovery with no music, white noise, or self-selected slow or fast tempo music. There were no significant differences in peak torque or torque decline between the music and control conditions. However, peak torque significantly decreased more for men than women from pre-to-post testing, regardless of recovery condition. The results indicate that self-selected music was not an effective diverting activity during recovery from fatiguing exercise.
Rat Model, Physical Activity, and Eating Behavior 8 April 2014Kylie Pybus
I. This document discusses physical activity and gene expression in a rat model of depression. It examines the effects of exercise on cognitive behavior and gene expression in brain regions involved in depression.
II. It then reviews physical activity and food behaviors in the college population. Factors influencing energy balance in college students are discussed, as well as physical activity trends, measurements, interventions, and theories.
III. The majority of college students do not meet physical activity guidelines. Research has examined social, environmental, and individual factors influencing behaviors. Interventions aim to promote lifetime physical activity and wellness in this population.
Comparison of the Acute Hypervolemic Capacities of Erythropoietin and U-74389...CrimsonpublishersITERM
Aim: This study compared the hyper volemic capacities of erythropoietin (Epo) and antioxidant drug U-74389G based on 2 preliminary studies. The provided results at mean corpuscular volumes (MCV) levels augmentation were co-evaluated in a hypoxia re oxygenation protocol of an animal model.
Materials and methods: MCV levels (MCVl) were evaluated at the 60th reoxygenation min (for groups A, C and E) and at the 120th reoxygenation min (for groups B, D and F) in 60 rats. Groups A and B received no drugs, rats from groups C and D were administered with Epo; whereas rats from groups E and F were administered with U-74389G.
Results: The first preliminary study of Epo non-significantly increased the MCVl by 0.30%+0.39% (p-value=0.4430). However, the second preliminary study of U-74389G significantly rised the MCVl by 1.60%+0.43% (p-value=0.0005). These 2 studies were co-evaluated since they came from the same experimental setting. The outcome of the co-evaluation was that U-74389G has 4.352528-fold hypervolemic potency than Epo (p-value=0.0000).
Conclusion: The anti-oxidant capacities of U-74389G accelerate the acute hypervolemic properties; presenting 4.352528-fold rise on MCVl than epo (p-value=0.0000)
Effect of Yoga on Selected Physical and Physiological Variables of Physical E...iosrjce
According to medical scientists, yoga therapy is successful because of the balance created in the
nervous and endocrine systems which directly influences all the other systems and organs of the body. Yoga acts
both as a “Curative therapy”. The very essence of yoga lies in attaining mental peace, improved concentration
powers, a relaxed state of living and harmony in relationship.Regular practice of asana, pranayama and
meditation can help such diverse, ailments such as diabetes, blood pressure, digestive disorders, arthritis,
arteriosclerosis, chronic fatigue, asthma, varicose veins and heart conditions. Laboratory tests have proved the
yogi’s increased abilities of consciously controlling autonomic or involuntary functions, such as temperature,
heartbeat and blood pressure.The study was undertaken with the aim to observe the effect of yoga(asana
&pranayama) onselected physical & physiological variables of physical education B.P.ED (Bachelor of
Physical Education) and M.P.ED (Master of Physical Education) students.For this study total 40 male students
were selected as subject from SGGS Khalsa College Mahilpur, Punjab, India. Their age ranged between 18-24
years. Students were given the treatment of selected yogicasana &pranayama for 12 weeks Result shows that the
regular practice of yoga improvedphysical variables (Muscular strength & endurance of trunk; and flexibility)
& physiologicalvariables (Pulse Rate, Vital Capacity & Peak Flow Rate) significantly.
1) The study examined electromyographic (EMG) activity in the anterior, middle, and posterior subdivisions of gluteus medius (GM) muscle during three weight-bearing exercises: wall squat, pelvic drop, and wall press.
2) The results showed significant differences in activation levels between the three GM subdivisions and between the three exercises.
3) The wall press produced the highest activation overall and was most effective at activating the posterior GM subdivision, which typically displays higher activation than the other two subdivisions.
1) A study compared the hormonal, neuromuscular, and recovery responses between forced repetition (FR) training and maximum repetition (MR) training. FR resulted in greater decreases in muscle force and activity compared to MR.
2) Several studies examined the effects of forced repetitions, finding they induce greater acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses than traditional training and may overload the neuromuscular system more, especially for strength athletes.
3) Other training techniques like tri-sets, drop sets, and rest-pause were also examined in studies and found to effectively increase metabolic and mechanical stresses through greater time under tension, workload, and muscle recruitment compared to traditional sets performed to failure.
This study aimed to determine which exercises best activate the gluteus medius and superior portion of the gluteus maximus muscles while minimizing activation of the tensor fascia lata muscle. Researchers used fine-wire electromyography to measure muscle activity in the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and tensor fascia lata muscles during 11 different exercises in 20 healthy subjects. They found that the clam exercise, sidestepping, unilateral bridging, and quadruped hip extension activated the gluteal muscles significantly more than the tensor fascia lata muscle.
This study examined the effects of 8 weeks of endurance training and wild pistachio supplementation on liver micronutrients in rats. 28 female rats were divided into 4 groups: a saline-control group, a pistachio-control group, a saline-training group, and a pistachio-training group. The training groups exercised 5 days a week for 8 weeks, and the pistachio groups received oral pistachio extracts for 4 weeks. Liver biopsies found significantly higher levels of zinc, copper, and calcium in the pistachio-training group compared to the other groups. The results suggest that combining training with pistachio supplementation may improve liver micronutrient levels after endurance training compared
The document describes a randomized controlled trial that tested the efficacy of Brain Endurance Training (BET) in alleviating fatigue during endurance exercise. BET involves performing mentally fatiguing tasks concurrently with aerobic exercise training. The study found that combining BET with standard endurance training increased endurance performance and reduced ratings of perceived exertion more than standard training alone. Specifically, the time to exhaustion during exercise tests increased more in the BET group compared to the control group performing only aerobic training.
The document summarizes two experiments: 1) A fitness experiment that observed the effect of 10 weeks of jump squats on muscle response. It found improvements in vertical jump height, speed, and power. Flexibility also slightly increased. 2) A microarray experiment that observed the effect of H2O2 on cells. It found cells upregulated genes involved in oxidoreductase pathways and downregulated genes for apoptosis and signaling not involved in oxidoreductase. Both experiments showed the body and cells can adapt to and defend against external and internal stresses.
EFFECT OF POSTURAL CONTROL BIOMECHANICAL GAIN ON PSYCHOPHYSICAL DETECTION THR...ijbbjournal
A Sliding Linear Investigative Platform for Assessing Lower Limb Stability (SLIP-FALLS) was employed to study postural control biomechanical reaction to external perturbations in a short ≤16mm postural perturbation. Head acceleration were evaluated while blindfolded subjects stood on a platform that was given a short anterior perturbation presented in one of 2 sequential 4s intervals (2-Alternative-ForcedChoice) for a set of 30 trials. Anterior-Posterior head acceleration (Head Accl AP) were investigated among the movement and non- movement intervals for the healthy adults. A strong ringing signal was observed in Head Accl AP movement interval that was absent in non-movement interval. A positive power
law trading relationship was found between Head Accl AP gain and move length standing blindfolded subjects. This could explain the observed negative power law relationship between translation length and peak acceleration threshold in previous psychophysical detection threshold studies.
Contents lists available at ScienceDirectJournal of Orthop.docxbobbywlane695641
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Orthopaedics
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jor
The effect of peripheral nervous system in growing bone biomechanics. An
experimental study
Ioannis Gkiatasa,∗, Ioannis Kostas-Agnantisa, Symeon Agathopoulosb, Dimitrios Papadopoulosa,
Marios Vekrisa, Ioannis Gelalisa, Vasilios Gavrielatosa, Anastasios Korompiliasa
a Department of Orthoapedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
b Laboratory of Ceramics and Composite Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Bone
Peripheral nervous system
Biomechanics
Denervation
A B S T R A C T
Objective: There are several factors which affect bone growth. One of them is the peripheralnervous system
whose effect on the biomechanics has not been extensively studied. The purpose of this study is to assess the
effect of peripheral nervous system in bone biomechanics in an experimental rat model.
Materials & methods: 27 male Wistar rats were used. In all animals, the roots of the right brachial plexus were
dissected and after that the animals were divided into three groups A, B and C. The animals were sacrificed six,
nine, and twelve months respectively after the denervation. Both humerus were resected and biomechanical
analysis was performed.
Results: According to the findings of the present study the denervated bones sustain less loading before fracture
and they become also more elastic. Additionally, in greater time after denervation plastic deformity is noticed.
Conclusion: Apart from structural changes, the peripheral nerves are responsible for biomechanic changes in the
bones such the greater elasticity of the bone and the reduced strength
1. Introduction
The metabolism of the bone depends on several factors which begin
the regulation of bone formation in utero.1 These factors include ge-
netic factors such as hormones, mechanical factors such as loading and
tensile forces, as well as anatomical factors such as the innervation of
the bone.2 Bone is a living tissue, which must be stiff, flexible enough to
absorb energy and light enough to allow mobility.1,3 Additionally, in
bone tissue continuous remodeling is noticed.4 Concerning the role of
peripheral nervous system in bone metabolism, it seems that its role is
double: firstly the regulation of the mechanical forces applied to the
bone and secondly the provision of crucial trophic factors for the
functionality and the structure of the bone as well.5 Both neuropep-
tides, such as calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive
intestinal peptide (VIP), as well as neurotrophines such as nerve growth
factor (NGF), contribute in the metabolism of the bone.6
The muscle system also affects the bone metabolism as an indirect
effect of the peripheral nervous system. Muscles are responsible for the
mechanical forces applied to the bones which are strongly correlate.
2 Brain activation and exhaustion - Kilty et al 2011-annotated.pdfJorgeSilva638591
1) The study investigated how communication between the mid/anterior insular cortex and motor cortex changes during a fatiguing cycling exercise using electroencephalography (EEG).
2) Results showed that lagged phase synchronization, a measure of intracortical communication, significantly increased between the mid/anterior insular cortex and motor cortex at the end of the fatiguing cycling exercise compared to the beginning.
3) Lagged phase synchronization returned to baseline levels during a recovery cycling period after subjects stopped exercising, indicating the increased communication was specific to the fatigued state.
1) The study investigated the role of sensory feedback from working muscles on central motor drive and the development of peripheral muscle fatigue during high-intensity cycling.
2) Eight competitive cyclists performed three 5 km cycling time trials under different conditions: control, placebo injection, and intrathecal fentanyl injection to impair sensory feedback.
3) Impairing sensory feedback with fentanyl increased central motor drive and power output early in exercise but led to greater peripheral muscle fatigue and poorer performance later in exercise, emphasizing the role of sensory feedback in regulating central motor drive and limiting fatigue development.
Intranasal Delivery of Oximes to Organophosphate exposed RatsJordan Horrocks
The study examined the effectiveness of intranasal delivery of oximes for treating organophosphate nerve agent exposure in rats. 88 rats were exposed to sarin or cyclosarin and treated with MMB-4 or 2-PAM via intramuscular or intranasal injection. Analysis of weight change, blood AChE levels, EEG, and temperature data found no statistically significant difference between intramuscular and intranasal administration. While cyclosarin exposure caused greater weight loss than sarin, the administration method did not impact outcomes. This suggests intranasal delivery is as effective as intramuscular for treating nerve agent exposure.
Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Aqueous Extract of Withania Somnifer...iosrjce
Anti-depressants play a major role in today’s life style. There are evidences of the ayurvedic
formulation withania somnifera (roots) being effective in various neuro- psychiatric conditions. The antidepressant
activities of aqueous extract Withania somnifera roots (AEWS) were studied using - Forced swim
test (FST). Effect of different doses of AEWS (30,40,50 mg/kg), Imipramine (15mg/kg)were studied on
behavioural despair tests induced immobility time . WS produced dose dependent decrease in immobility
time in FST, maximum effect being observed with WS 50 mg/kg. The findings support the use of WS as potential
adjuvant in depressive disorders.
This study investigated the interaction between magnesium (Mg) and buspirone, a serotonin receptor partial agonist, in producing anxiolytic effects in mice. Mg administered alone at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, as well as buspirone alone at 5 mg/kg, increased time spent and entries into open arms of an elevated plus maze, indicating anxiolytic effects. However, when buspirone was coadministered with Mg (50 mg/kg), it reduced the anxiolytic effect of Mg alone. This suggests Mg's anxiolytic effects may be partly mediated by interaction with serotonin receptors, as buspirone's antagonism of these receptors inhibited Mg's effect
The document summarizes findings from long-term intrathecal bolus administration studies in cynomolgus monkeys. Transient neurological findings were observed in control animals after intrathecal dosing and anesthesia, including temporarily reduced or absent patellar reflex and absence of the anal reflex lasting up to 8 hours. Single cases of ataxia, leg lameness, or slight tremor lasted up to 4 hours. Background clinical signs observed throughout the studies were similar to those seen with oral or subcutaneous dosing and included injuries, lesions, fractures, swellings, hair loss, diarrhea and others. The document provides details on study designs, housing conditions, dosing procedures, and expected background findings to aid in differentiating treatment effects
The document summarizes an experiment evaluating the synergistic analgesic effect of combining an opioid (pethidine) and non-opioid (nimesulide) analgesic in mouse models of pain. The experiments found that the combination of pethidine and nimesulide produced significantly enhanced analgesic activity compared to either drug alone in tail flick, hot plate, and acetic acid induced writhing tests. This indicates the combination exhibits synergism in reducing pain. Future studies with more animals are needed to further understand the mechanism and potential therapeutic utility of such opioid-nonopioid combinations.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Oral Artesunate-Amodiaquine Combination Causes Anxiolysis and Impaired Cognit...IOSR Journals
The present study examined the effects of artesunate –amodiaquine combination therapy on spatial
memory and anxiety- related behaviors in healthy Swiss mice. Neurobehavioural models used were the Y maze
and elevated plus maze. Selected for the experiments were eighty adult mice weighing 20-25 g. Forty animals
were used in each behavioral model; they were randomly assigned into five groups A, B, C, D and E. Group A
served as control and received normal saline, groups B, C and D received artesunate (4 mg/kg), amodiaquine
(10 mg/kg) and artesunate- amodiaquine combination(4 mg/kg and10 mg/kg) respectively while group E
animals were given diazepam (5mg/kg). Drugs and vehicle were given orally for three days. The animals were
exposed to the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the Y-maze on day 1 immediately after administering the first dose
and day 3 immediately after the last dose, the number of entries and percentage time spent in the open and
closed arms after five minutes’ exposure to the plus maze and Y–maze spontaneous alternations over a five
minute period was scored for each animal. Statistical analysis was carried out using a one way ANOVA
followed by a post-hoc test. Results of elevated plus maze tests revealed a significant increase in number of
open arm entries and percentage time spent in the open arm and a significant reduction in the total number of
arm entries compared to control; Y-maze task performance showed a significant reduction in percentage
correct alternations compared to control .In conclusion artesunate- amodiaquine administered over a three day
period had anxiolytic and memory retarding effects in healthy mice thereby giving an insight into the possible
behavioral effects in humans.
Artigo - Acupuncture on oxygen consumptionRenato Almeida
1) Auricular acupuncture had a significant effect on improving the oxygen consumption and recovery ability of boxing athletes.
2) The study found that VO2max, a key indicator of cardiovascular endurance, was significantly higher after auricular acupuncture stimulation compared to a control group.
3) Auricular acupuncture stimulation may enhance athletic performance by improving aerobic ability as shown by increased VO2max and VEmax, and faster recovery of heart rate and body temperature after exercise.
This study examined the effects of a 6-week plyometric training program on peroneal latency in 48 healthy volunteers. Subjects were randomly assigned to a training group or control group. Peroneal latency was measured before and after the 6-week period using electromyography during sudden ankle inversion. The study found no significant differences in peroneal latency between the pre-test and post-test for either group. The plyometric training program did not cause a significant decrease in peroneal reaction time.
Objective(s):
There is a rising use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in goods and in the medical fields but there is concern about the toxicity of them. So in this study spherical AuNPs with 3 different concentrations were applied for investigating their effects in vivo.
Materials and Methods:
40 male albino mice were randomly divided into sham, control, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm groups and were treated by intraperitoneal injection for period of 14 days. Blood was taken for measuring of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGOT and SGPT) enzyme levels and Complete Blood Count (CBC).
Results:
After the treatment and comparing groups with sham group, in 50 ppm group significant increases on RBC, HCT, HGB, MCHC and in 25 ppm group significant increase on MCHC and significant decrease on MCV and in 100 ppm group significant increase on MCHC were observed. Also in 50 ppm group an increase on SGOT enzyme level was observed. However, it was nonsignificant.
Conclusion:
By observing the abnormality on the RBC count and SGOT enzyme level in the 50 ppm group, we concluded a slight toxicity effect for AuNPs and the threat potential of their use in human.
This document describes a study that investigated the effects of acetate supplementation and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on stress levels and blood glucose in immobilized rats. Rats were subjected to immobilization stress for 28 days. Some rats were treated with fluoxetine (an SSRI), glyceryl triacetate (GTA/acetate supplement), or a combination. Stress levels were assessed using open field and hole board tests. Blood glucose and adrenal gland weight were also measured. Results showed acetate and SSRI treatment reduced stress levels and blood glucose compared to untreated stressed rats. The study concluded acetate and SSRIs have stress-reducing and blood glucose-lowering effects by enhancing brain histone acetylation
This document describes a study that evaluated the analgesic (pain-relieving) effects of novel indole derivatives in rats. Four indole derivatives (M1-M4) were synthesized and characterized. Compound M3 showed the highest yield and melting point. Acute and subacute toxicity studies found that M3 was safe up to 2000 mg/kg and did not significantly alter biochemical or histological parameters in rats. M3's analgesic effects were then evaluated using models of acute thermal, mechanical, and chemical pain. M3 treatment significantly increased pain thresholds in thermal and mechanical pain models in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced pain-related behavior in the chemical pain model, demonstrating analgesic effects. Overall, M3 showed
This study investigated the effects of intensive neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) treatment at home over 3 weeks on functional improvements and cortical changes in subjects with chronic stroke. 16 subjects were randomly assigned to either a true NMES treatment group or a sham treatment group. Both groups underwent testing before and after treatment, and the sham group was also tested after crossing over to the true treatment. The true NMES group showed improvements in measures of hand function and strength, while the sham group did not improve initially but did improve after crossing over to true treatment. Functional MRI revealed increased cortical activation in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex following true NMES treatment. This suggests NMES may stimulate cortical sensory areas to enable improved motor function
ZMPCZM017000.11.03 Carey Experimentation on brain researchPainezee Specialist
This study investigated the effects of intensive neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) treatment at home over 3 weeks on functional improvements and cortical changes in subjects with chronic stroke. 16 subjects were randomly assigned to either a true NMES treatment group or a sham treatment group. Both groups underwent testing before and after treatment, and the sham group was also tested after crossing over to the true treatment. The true NMES group showed improvements in measures of hand function and strength, while the sham group did not improve initially but did improve after crossing over. Functional MRI revealed increased cortical activation in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex following true NMES treatment. The findings suggest NMES may stimulate cortical sensory areas to enable improved motor function in subjects
This study investigated the effects of intensive neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) treatment at home over 3 weeks on functional improvements and cortical changes in subjects with chronic stroke. 16 subjects were randomly assigned to either a true NMES treatment group or a sham treatment group. Both groups underwent testing before and after treatment, and the sham group was also tested after crossing over to the true treatment. The NMES group demonstrated improvements in hand function tests and self-reported use scales not seen in the sham group. Additionally, NMES was found to increase cortical activation in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex as measured by fMRI. The findings suggest NMES may stimulate cortical sensory areas to enable improved motor function in subjects with chronic stroke
ZMPCZM017000.11.03 Carey Experimentation on brain researchPainezee Specialist
This study investigated the effects of intensive neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) treatment at home over 3 weeks on functional improvements and cortical changes in subjects with chronic stroke. 16 subjects were randomly assigned to either a true NMES treatment group or a sham treatment group. Both groups underwent testing before and after treatment, and the sham group was also tested after crossing over to the true treatment. The true NMES group showed improvements in measures of hand function and strength, while the sham group did not improve initially but did improve after crossing over. Functional MRI revealed increased cortical activation in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex following true NMES treatment. The findings suggest NMES may stimulate cortical sensory areas to enable improved motor function in subjects
Similar to Interaction between anxiolytic effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and exercise in adult male rat (20)
Evaluation of the effect of crocetin on antitumor activity of doxorubicin enc...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s): The current study reports investigation of codelivery by PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with crocetin (Cro), a natural carotenoid dicarboxylicHYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acid” acid that is found in the crocus flower, and Doxorubicin (DOX).
Materials and Methods: Double emulsion/solvent evaporation method was used for preparation of PLGA nanoparticles containing Dox and Cro. Characterizations of prepared NPs were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering analysis. In vitro Cytotoxicity of DOX and Cro loaded PLGA NPs (PLGA-DOX-Cro) on MCF-7 cell line was evaluated using MTT test. Flow cytometry experiments were implemented to distinguish cells undergoing apoptosis from those undergoing necrosis. Furthermore the expression of caspase 3 was examined by western blot analysis.
Results: The prepared formulations had size of 150- 300 nm. Furthermore, PLGA-DOX-Cro nanoparticles inhibited MCF-7 tumor cells growth more efficiently than either DOX or Cro alone at the same concentrations, as quantified by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Studies on cellular uptake of DOX-Cro-NPs demonstrated that NPs were effectively taken up by MCF-7 tumor cells.
Conclusion: This study suggested that DOX-Cro-NPs may have promising applications in breast cancer therapy.
This study investigated codelivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and crocetin encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles to treat breast cancer. PLGA nanoparticles containing both DOX and crocetin (PLGA-DOX-Cro NPs) were prepared using a double emulsion/solvent evaporation method. Characterization of the nanoparticles found them to be 150-300 nm in size. In vitro studies on MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed that PLGA-DOX-Cro NPs inhibited cell growth more than DOX or crocetin alone, as measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Cellular uptake studies also demonstrated effective uptake of the DOX-Cro-loaded NPs by MCF
Effects of combination of magnesium and zinc oxide nanoparticles and heat on ...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of combination of MgO and ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of heat against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Materials and Methods:Bacteria were grown on either agar or broth media followed by the addition of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles. Then the combined effect of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles was investigated. Furthermore, the media containing nanoparticles were treated with mild heat and their synergistic antibacterial activity was investigated against E. coli and S. aureus in milk.
Results: The data showed that the nanoparticles used in this study had no effect on the bacteria in the agar medium. However, the results showed that ZnO and MgO nanoparticles resulted in a significant decrease in the number of E. coli (P<0.000) and S. aureus (Pd”0.05) in the broth medium. The combination of nanoparticles and mild heat exhibited a significant decrease in the number of E. coli and S. aureus indicating the synergistic effects of nanoparticles and heat.
Conclusion: Using a combination of mild heat, ZnO and MgO nanoparticles, E. coli and S. aureus can be controlled successfully in the milk. Mild heating plus ZnO and MgO nanoparticles has a synergistic effect which would reduce the need for high temperature and also the concentrations of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles required for pathogen control in minimally processed milk during maintaining.
Preparation and evaluation of electrospun nanofibers containing pectin and ti...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s):The aim of this study was to prepare electrospun nanofibers of celecoxib using combination of time-dependent polymers with pectin to achieve a colon-specific drug delivery system for celecoxib.
Materials and Methods:Formulations were produced based on two multilevel 22 full factorial designs. The independent variables were the ratio of drug:time-dependent polymer (X1) and the amount of pectin in formulations (X2). Electrospinning process was used for preparation of nanofibers. The spinning solutions were loaded in 5 mL syringes. The feeding rate was fixed by a syringe pump at 2.0 mL/h and a high voltage supply at range 10-18 kV was applied for electrospinning. Electrospun nanofibers were collected and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and drug release in the acid and buffer with pH 6.8 with and without pectinase.
Results:Electrospun nanofibers of celecoxib with appropriate morphological properties were produced via electrospinning process. Drug release from electrospun nanofibers was very low in the acidic media; while, drug release in the simulated colonic media was the highest from formulations containing pectin.
Conclusion: Formulation F2 (containing drug:ERS with the ratio of 1:2 and 10% pectin) exhibited acceptable morphological characteristics and protection of drug in the upper GI tract and could be a good candidate as a colonic drug delivery system for celecoxib.
The combined effects of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles on wound heali...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s): This study was aimed at investigating the synergy effects of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles on the healing rate of the cutting wounds.
Materials and Methods: In order to determine the concentration of silver nanoparticles in Aloe vera gel, the MBC methods were applied on the most common bacteria infecting wounds, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cutting wounds with Full-thickness skin were dorsally created on rats; then the rats were divided into 4 groups. The treatments groups included: mixture of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles, Aloe vera gel alone and silver nanoparticles alone in addition to control groups. The treatment was carried out for 2 weeks and the size of the wound closures were measured by an image software analysis.
Results:There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in healing rate between the control and mixture group. However, there were significant differences between the silver nanoparticles and Aloe vera groups using Tukey’s analysis on the 6th, 8th and 10th days.
Conclusion:The Aloe vera gel increased the rate of wound healing whereas the silver nanoparticles had a delay effect; and when they were mixed, it was similar to the average effect of both Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles.
Simultaneous loading of 5-florouracil and SPIONs in HSA nanoparticles: Optimi...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s): Over the past two decades, considerable interest has been focused on utilizing biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for biomedical applications. In this study, production of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles using desolvation technique that were simultaneous loaded with high amounts of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and 5-flourouracil (5-FU) was investigated.
Materials and Methods: 5-FU loading (%) and SPIONs entrapment efficiency (%) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The design expert software used to analyse the interactive effects of pH, 5-FU and SPIONs concentrations.
Results:The optimum conditions found to be pH of 8.2, drug concentration of 1.5 mg/ml and SPIONs concentration of 2.79 mg/ml. Under the mentioned optimum conditions, particles with the size of 111.8 nm, zeta potential of -37.1 mV, 5-FU loading of 15.8% and SPIONs entrapment efficiency of 41.1% were obtained. In vitro cumulative release of 5-FU from the nanoparticles was evaluated in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4, 37 °C). Results indicated that 85% of the 5-FU released during 95 h, which revealed a sustained release profile. In addition, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analyses confirmed the superparamagnetic properties of magnetic albumin nanoparticles manufactured under the optimum conditions.
Conclusion: According to the findings,SPIONs and 5-FU loaded HAS nanoparticles arepromising for use as novel targeted delivery system due to proper magnetic and drug release behaviours.
Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effect of silver nanoparticle synthesized by C...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s): For the development of reliable, ecofriendly, less expensive process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and to evaluate the bactericidal, and cytotoxicity properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized from root extract of Croton bonplandianum, Baill.
Materials and Methods: The synthesis of silver nanoparticles by plant part of Croton bonplandianum was carried out. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), XRD and UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. The biochemical properties were assayed by antibacterial study, cytotoxicity assay using cancer cell line.
Results: The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis which showed absorbance peak at 425 nm. X-ray diffraction photograph indicated the face centered cubic structure of the synthesized AgNPs. TEM has displayed the different dimensional images of biogenic silver nanoparticles with particle size distribution ranging from 15-40 nm with an average size of 32 nm. Silver particles are spherical in shape, clustered. The EDX analysis was used to identify the elemental composition of synthesized AgNPs. Antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgNPs against three Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa carried out showed significant zones of inhibition. The cytotoxicity study by AgNPS also showed cytotoxicity on ovarian cancer cell line PA-1 and lung epithelial cancer cell line A549.
Conclusion: The present study confirms that the AgNPs have great promise as antibacterial, and anticancer agent.
Investigation of the effect of different parameters on the phase inversion te...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s): Nanoemulsions are a kind of emulsions that can be transparent, translucent (size range 50-200 nm) or “milky” (up to 500 nm). Nanoemulsions are adequatly effective for transfer of active component through skin which facilitate the entrance of the active component . The transparent nature of the system and lack of the thickener and fluidity are among advantages of nanoemulsion.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a nanoemulsion of lemon oil in water was prepared by the phase inversion temperature (PIT) emulsification method in which the tween 40 was used as surfactant. The effect of concentration of NaCl in aqueous phase, pH and weight percent of surfactant and aqueous on the PIT and droplet size were investigated. Results: The results showed that with increasing of concentration of NaCl from 0.05 M to 1 M, PIT decrease from 72 to 50. The average droplet sizes, for 0.1, 0.5 and 1 M of NaCl in 25 ºC are 497.3, 308.1 and 189.9 nm, respectively and the polydispersity indexes are 0.348, 0.334 and 0.307, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering the characteristics of nanoemulsions such as being transparent, endurance of solution and droplet size can provide suitable reaction environment for polymerization process used in making hygienic and medical materials.
Mechanism of oxidative stress involved in the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles a...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
ZnO NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) has generated significant scientific interest as a novel antibacterial and anticancer agent. Since oxidative stress is a critical determinant of ZnO NPs-induced damage, it is necessary to characterize their underlying mode of action. Different structural and physicochemical properties of ZnO NPs such as particle surface, size, shape, crystal structure, chemical position, and presence of metals can lead to changes in biological activities including ROS (reactive oxygen species) production. However, there are some inconsistencies in the literature on the relation between the physicochemical features of ZnO NPs and their plausible oxidative stress mechanism. Herein, the possible oxidative stress mechanism of ZnO NPs was reviewed. This is worthy of further detailed evaluations in order to improve our understanding of vital NPs characteristics governing their toxicity. Therefore, this study focuses on the different reported oxidative stress paradigms induced by ZnO NPs including ROS generated by NPs, oxidative stress due to the NPs-cell interaction, and role of the particle dissolution in the oxidative damage. Also, this study tries to characterize and understand the multiple pathways involved in oxidative stress induced by ZnO NPs. Knowledge about different cellular signaling cascades stimulated by ZnO NPs lead to the better interpretation of the toxic influences induced by the cellular and acellular parameters. Regarding the potential benefits of toxic effects of ZnO NPs, in-depth evaluation of their toxicity mechanism and various effects of these nanoparticles would facilitate their implementation for biomedical applications.
Combined effects of PEGylation and particle size on uptake of PLGA particles ...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective:
At the present study, relationship between phagocytosis of PLGA particles and combined effects of particle size and surface PEGylation was investigated.
Materials and Methods:
Microspheres and nanospheres (3500 nm and 700 nm) were prepared from three types of PLGA polymers (non-PEGylated and PEGylation percents of 9% and 15%). These particles were prepared by solvent evaporation method. All particles were labeled with FITC-Albumin. Interaction of particles with J744.A.1 mouse macrophage cells, was evaluated in the absence or presence of 7% of the serum by flowcytometry method.
Results:
The study revealed more phagocytosis of nanospheres. In the presence of the serum, PEGylated particles were phagocytosed less than non-PEGylated particles. For nanospheres, this difference was significant (P<0/05) and their uptake was affected by PEGylation degree. In the case of microsphere formulation, PEGylation did not affect the cell uptake. In the serum-free medium, the bigger particles had more cell uptake rate than smaller ones but the cell uptake rate was not influenced by PEGylation.
Conclusion:
The results indicated that in nanosized particles both size and PEgylation degree could affect the phagocytosis, but in micron sized particles just size, and not the PEGylation degree, could affect this.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its synergistic effects in combination ...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objectives:
Biofilms are communities of bacteria attached to surfaces through an external polymeric substances matrix. In the meantime, Acinetobacterbaumannii is the predominant species related to nosocomial infections. In the present study, the effect of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with biocides and imipenem against planktonic and biofilms of A. baumannii was assessed.
Materials and Methods:
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 75 planktonic isolates of A. baumannii were determined by using the microdilution method as described via clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI). Among all strains, 10 isolates which formed strong biofilms were selected and exposed to silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with imipenem, bismuth ethandithiol (BisEDT) and bismuth propanedithiol (BisPDT) to determine minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBIC). Subsequently, minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with imipenem against mature biofilm of the isolates were evaluated.
Results:
Results showed that 29.3% of isolates were susceptible to silver nanoparticles and could inhibit the growth and eradicate biofilms produced by the isolates. For this reason, ∑FIC, ∑FBIC and ∑FBEC ≤ 0.05 were reported which shows synergism between silver nanoparticles and imipenem against not only planktonic cells but also inhibition and eradication of biofilms. The results of ∑FBIC >2 indicated to antagonistic impacts between silver nanoparticles and BisEDT/BisPDT against biofilms.
Conclusion:
It can be concluded that silver nanoparticles alone can inhibit biofilm formation but in combination with imipenem are more effective against A. baumannii in planktonic and biofilm forms.
Abstract
Objective(s):
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNP) are increasingly used in sunscreens, biosensors, food additives and pigments. In this study the effects of ZNP on liver of rats was investigated.
Materials and Methods:
Experimental groups received 5, 50 and 300 mg/kg ZNP respectively for 14 days. Control group received only distilled water. ALT, AST and ALP were considered as biomarkers to indicate hepatotoxicity. Lipid peroxidation (MDA), SOD and GPx were detected for assessment of oxidative stress in liver tissue. Histological studies and TUNEL assay were also done.
Results:
Plasma concentration of zinc (Zn) was significantly increased in 5 mg/kg ZNP-treated rats. Liver concentration of Zn was significantly increased in the 300 mg/kg ZNP-treated animals. Weight of liver was markedly increased in both 5 and 300 mg/kg doses of ZNP. ZNP at the doses of 5 mg/kg induced a significant increase in oxidative stress through the increase in MDA content and a significant decrease in SOD and GPx enzymes activity in the liver tissue. Administration of ZNP at 5 mg/kg induced a significant elevation in plasma AST, ALT and ALP. Histological studies showed that treatment with 5 mg/kg of ZNP caused hepatocytes swelling, which was accompanied by congestion of RBC and accumulation of inflammatory cells. Apoptotic index was also significantly increased in this group. ZNP at the dose of 300 mg/kg had poor hepatotoxicity effect.
Conclusion:
It is concluded that lower doses of ZNP has more hepatotoxic effects on rats, and recommended to use it with caution if there is a hepatological problem.
Synthesis of graphene oxide-TiO2 nanocomposite as an adsorbent for the enrich...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
In our study, graphene oxide-TiO2 nanocomposite (GO/TiO2) was prepared and used for the enrichment of rutin from real samples for the first time.
Materials and Methods:
The synthesized GO/TiO2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and FT-IR spectra. The enrichment process is fast and highly efficient. The factors including contact time, pH, and amount of GO/TiO2 affecting the adsorption process were studied.
Results:
The maximum adsorption capacity for ciprofloxacin was calculated to be 59.5 mg/g according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The method yielded a linear calibration curve in the concentration ranges from 15 to 200 μg/L for the rutin with regression coefficients (r2) of 0.9990. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) and limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N=10) were found to be 8 μg/Land 28 μg/L, respectively. Both the intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSDs) were < 10% .
Conclusion:
The developed approach offered wide linear range, and good reproducibility. Owing to the diverse structures and unique characteristic, GO/TiO2 possesses great potential in the enrichment and analysis of trace rutin in real aqueous samples.
Preparation and evaluation of vitamin A nanosuspension as a novel ocular drug...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
The aim of this study was to prepare a nanosuspension formulation as a new vehicle for the improvement of the ocular delivery of vitamin A.
Material and Methods:
Formulations were designed based on full factorial design. A high pressure homogenization technique was used to produce nanosuspensions. Fifteen formulations were prepared by the use of different combinations of surfactants Tween 80, benzalkonium chloride and Pluronic and evaluated for pH, particle size, entrapment efficiency, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), stability and drug release. Also, Draize test was used to evaluate the irritation of rabbit eye by formulations.
Results:
All formulations showed a small mean size that is well suited for ocular application. Also it was observed that the particle size decreased with increase in the amount of surfactant. Drug entrapment increased with increasing amount of surfactant. It was shown that initial and final drug release can be controlled by the ratio and the total amount of surfactants, respectively.
Conclusion:
It was concluded that the use of Tween 80 and Pluronic in the formualtions with a proper ratio does not show eye irritation and could be useful to achieve a suitable nanosuspension of vitamin A as a novel ocular delivery system.
A comparative study about toxicity of CdSe quantum dots on reproductive syste...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
This study examined the toxicity of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and CdSe:ZnS QDs on the reproductive system of mice. Mice were injected with doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg of CdSe QDs or CdSe:ZnS QDs. Histological analysis found that the 40 mg/kg dose of CdSe:ZnS QDs caused abnormal growth of seminiferous tubes, impaired spermatogenesis, and a decrease in testis weight, sperm count, and testosterone levels compared to controls. The CdSe:ZnS QDs at 40 mg/kg also decreased sperm density in the epididymis. This suggests that, contrary to previous reports, the
Functionalization of carbon nanotubes and its application in nanomedicine: A ...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
This review focuses on the latest developments in applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in medicine. A brief history of CNTs and a general introduction to the field are presented.
Then, surface modification of CNTs that makes them ideal for use in medical applications is highlighted. Examples of common applications, including cell penetration, drug delivery, gene delivery and imaging, are given. At the same time, there are concerns about their possible adverse effects on human health, since there is evidence that exposure to CNTs induces toxic effects in experimental models. However, CNTs are not a single substance but a growing family of different materials possibly eliciting different biological responses. As a consequence, the hazards associated with the exposure of humans to the different forms of CNTs may be different. Understanding the structure–toxicity relationships would help towards the assessment of the risk related to these materials. Finally, toxicity of CNTs, are discussed. This review article overviews the most recent applications of CNTs in Nanomedicine, covering the period from 1991 to early 2015.
The role of surface charge of ISCOMATRIX nanoparticles on the type of immune ...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
ISCOMATRIX vaccines have now been shown to induce strong antigen-specific cellular or humoral immune responses to a broad range of antigens of viral, bacterial, parasite or tumor. In the present study, we investigated the role of ISCOMATRIX charge in induction of a Th1 type of immune response and protection against Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice.
Materials and Methods:
Positively and negatively charged ISCOMATRIX were prepared. BALB/C mice were immunized subcutaneously, three times with 2-week intervals, with different ISCOMATRIX formulations. Soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA) were mixed with ISCOMATRIX right before injection. The extent of protection and type of immune response were studied in different groups of mice.
Results:
The group of mice immunized with negatively charged ISCOMATRIX showed smaller footpad swelling upon challenge with L. major and the highest IgG2a production compared with positively charged one. The mice immunized with positively charged ISCOMATRIX showed the lowest splenic parasite burden compared to the other groups. Cytokine assay results indicated that the highest level of IFN- γ and IL-4 secretion was observed in the splenocytes of mice immunized with negatively charged ISCOMATRIX as compared to other groups.
Conclusion:
The results indicated that ISCOMATRIX formulations generate an immune response with mixed Th1/Th2 response that was not protective against challenge against L. major.
This document discusses the use of nanotechnology in cancer treatment and photodynamic therapy (PDT). It first introduces quantum dots (QDs), which are spherical semiconductor nanoparticles that have attractive optical properties for biomedical applications. QDs can be functionalized for targeted cancer therapy and have also been explored as photosensitizers for PDT. The document then provides background on PDT, describing its mechanisms of action and how it uses photosensitizers activated by light to generate reactive oxygen species that damage tumor cells. The potential advantages of PDT over conventional cancer therapies are noted. Finally, the document discusses how QDs, due to their tunable light absorption, have potential as novel photosensitizers for PDT to improve
This document discusses the use of nanotechnology in cancer treatment and photodynamic therapy. It focuses on the use of quantum dots, which are spherical nanoparticles that have attractive optical properties like high photoluminescence, narrow emission spectra, and photostability. These properties make quantum dots useful as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer tumors. The document reviews how quantum dots can be functionalized and targeted to cancer cells for photodynamic therapy applications. It also evaluates the design of nanoparticles and their potential safety for biomedical uses.
Preparation of protein-loaded PLGA-PVP blend nanoparticles by nanoprecipitati...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Despite of wide range applications of polymeric nanoparticles in protein delivery, there are some problems for the field of protein entrapment, initial burst and controlled release profile.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, we investigated the influence of some changes in PLGA nanoparticles formulation to improve the initial and controlled release profile. Selected parameters were: pluronic F127, polysorbate 80 as surfactant, pH of inner aqueous phase, L/G ratio of PLGA polymer, volume of inner aqueous phase and addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone as an excipient. FITC-HSA was used as a model hydrophilic drug. The nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation.
Results:
Initial release of FITC-HSA from PLGA-tween 80 nanoparticles (opt-4, 61%) was faster than control (PLGA-pluronic) after 2.30 h of incubation. Results showed that decrease in pH of inner aqueous phase to pI of protein can decrease IBR but the release profile of protein is the same as control. Release profile with three phases including a) initial burst b) plateau and c) final release phase was observed when we changed volume of inner aqueous phase and L/G ratio in formulation. Co-entrapment of HSA with PVP and pluronic reduced the IBR and controlled release profile in opt-19. Encapsulation efficiency was more than 97% and nanoparticles size and zeta potentials were mono-modal and -18.99 mV, respectively.
Conclusion:
In this research, we optimized a process for preparation of PLGA-PVP-pluronic nanoparticles of diameter less than 300 nm using nanoprecipitation method. This formulation showed a decreased initial burst and long lasting controlled release profile for FITC-HSA as a model drug for proteins.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Interaction between anxiolytic effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and exercise in adult male rat
1. Please cite this paper as:
Kesmati M, Torabi M, Teymuri Zamaneh H, Malekshahi Nia H. Interaction between anxiolytic effects of
magnesium oxide nanoparticles and exercise in adult male rat, Nanomed J, 2015; 1(5): 324-330.
Received: Apr. 23, 2014; Accepted: May. 29, 2014
Vol. 1, No. 5, Autumn 2014, page 324-330
Received: Apr. 22, 2014; Accepted: Jul. 12, 2014
Vol. 1, No. 5, Autumn 2014, page 298-301
Online ISSN 2322-5904
http://nmj.mums.ac.ir
Original Research
Interaction between anxiolytic effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles
and exercise in adult male rat
Mahnaz Kesmati1
*, Mozhgan Torabi1
, Hossein Teymuri Zamaneh2
, Hamid Malekshahi Nia2
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran
University, Ahvaz, Iran
Abstract
Objective(s): In recent years, nanotechnology has produced new forms of materials that are
more effective than their predecessors. Magnesium is an essential element in the human body
and certain studies have proved that its deficiency can induce anxiety in animals. In this
study, the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) on anxiety, related behaviors,
and interaction between their effects and anxiolytic effect of the exercises were examined in
comparison to the conventional MgO (cMgO).
Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats weighing 190±20 gr were divided into
control groups (receiving saline, without physical activity), and exercise groups (receiving
cMgO and/or MgO NPs (1 mg/kg i.p.) daily for 6 weeks with or/and without exercise).
Exercise groups were performing their daily physical activity protocol 30 minutes after
injection. At the end of period, an elevated plus maze apparatus was used to evaluate the
anxiety (%pen arm time (%OAT) and %open arm entries (%OAE) and locomotor activity.
Results: Exercise significantly increased %OAT and %OAE (P<0.05). MgO NPs caused an
increase in %OAT, while cMgO did not have any effect on %OAT or %OAE. There was no
notable difference among anxiety parameters in exercise groups with or without taking MgO
NPs.
Conclusion: It seems that the anxiolytic effect of exercise and MgO NPs has been mediated
through common mechanisms that were a part of the anxiety process of the central nervous
system.
Keywords: Anxiety, MgO, Nanoparticles, Physical activity
*Corresponding Author: Mahnaz Kesmati, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid
Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran.
Tel: +98-611-3331045, Email: m.kesmati@scu.ac.ir
2. Correlation between anxiolytic effect of MgO and exercise
Nanomed J, Vol. 1, No. 5, Autumn 2014 325
Original Research (font 12)Original Research (font 12)Original Research (font 12)Original Research (font 12)Original Research (font 12)Original Research (font 12)Introduction
Magnesium (Mg) is the second most
prevalent element in the human body
which is essential for neurophysiological
processes (1). Some studies have shown
that magnesium’s deficiency could induce
anxiety (2-4). Magnesium acts on many
channels and receptors in the synaptic
space. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
blocks glutamate inotropic receptor,
thereby reducing the effect of glutamate as
an excitatory amino acid in anxiety-like
behaviors (5). Gamma amino butyric acid
(GABA) is one of the inhibitory
neurotransmitters, whose level magnesium
can change in the body (6, 7). Each of the
above mentioned mechanisms can aid
magnesium in inducing anxiety behaviors.
Previous studies have shown that exercise
activities also affect emotional health. In
humans, exercise has been associated with
the improvement of the outcome of
treatments for depression and anxiety (8,
9). Exercise activities cause a reduction in
the anxiety of mice and rats, as measured
in the open field, by elevated plus maze
and the light-dark box (10, 11). Moreover,
short-term exercise training, including
resistance exercise trainings, can increase
the signs and symptoms associated with
anxiety (12).
It has also been shown that exercise
activities decrease serum magnesium
levels and induce hypomagnesaemia (13).
In fact, some studies suggested that
magnesium supplements in athletes could
be compensative agents in
hypomagnesaemia (13, 14).
With the development of nanotechnology,
new forms of materials with high
therapeutic activity were produced and
applied as a new branch of nanotechnology
named nanomedicine (15). Nano drugs can
cross every barrier, especially in central
nervous system. In this area, the blood
brain barrier had limited drug penetration.
It’s a good agent for imaging, for making
diagnoses, and in the drug delivery system
(16-18). Some advantages of the new
materials are prolonged half-time in the
body circulation, and reducing repeated
doses. Also, in lower amounts, potentiated
effects with minimum side effects can be
seen (19, 20).
Magnesium-based nanomaterial such as
Nano MgO (as metal oxide nanoparticle) is
used in medicine to treat pathological
disorders such as bacterial infection, and
also for drug delivery (21). MgO
nanoparticles (NPs) are nontoxic, bio-
degradable, and have few side-effects (21).
But the efficacy of Nano MgO, as the new
form of magnesium supplement in CNS
disorder, especially on anxiety related
behaviors, is not yet clear.
This is the first study on the effect of
chronic administration of MgO NP and its
conventional form (cMgO) on anxiety
behaviors in the presence and absence of
anxiolytic mechanisms induced by
exercise.
Material and Methods
Animals
Male albino Wistar rats weighting 190±20
gr were purchased from the animal house
of Joundi Shapor University of Medical
Sciences in Ahvaz, Iran. Animals were
kept in a room with 12/12 hour dark/light
cycle and a temperature of 23±1 ºC. MgO
NP (lolitech Co, Germany, particle size
<50 nm) and cMgO (Merk Co, Germany,
particle size >100 nm) was dispersed in
0.9% saline by ultrasonic bath for 20
minutes and shaken for 1 minute before
each injection. All drugs were injected
intraperitoneally (i.p.), 1 mg/kg in volume
of 1 ml/kg, Control groups were only given
0.9% saline.
Rats were randomly divided into six
groups: treadmill controls, which were
only given 0.9% saline without doing
exercise (Cont), treadmill runners, which
were given 0.9% saline (Exe), a group that
was only given MgO NP 1 mg/kg (MgO
NP), a group that was only given cMgO 1
mg/kg (cMgO), a group that was given
MgO NP and was allowed exercise
activities, and a group that was given
cMgO and was also allowed exercise
3. Kesmati M, et al
326 Nanomed J, Vol. 1, No. 5, Autumn 2014
activities (MgO NP+ Exe or cMgO+ Exe).
Training and injections took place during
the light cycle. In runner groups, drugs
were injected 30 minutes before doing any
exercise activity. All procedures were
carried out in accordance with the
institutional guidelines for animal care, and
used by Shahid Chamran University of
Ahvaz
Exercise paradigm
The training protocol was a model of
forced aerobic exercise (22). Treadmill
runners ran on a motorized treadmill that
has 8 lines. They ran 5 days per week for 6
weeks. The grade of the apparatus was
fixed the whole time. During the first
week, animals acclimate to the treadmill,
by gradually increasing running time each
day (learning stage). During the second
and third weeks, time and speed were
increased (overload stage), but during the
fourth and sixth, both time and speed were
kept consistent (consolidation stage).
Elevated plus maze
The wooden elevated plus maze consisted
of two opposite open arms (50 cm -10 cm)
and two closed arms (50 cm-10 cm with 40
cm walls) in the shape of a cross which
was connected by a central square (10×10
cm). The maze was elevated 50 cm above
the ground and subjects were placed in the
center square facing an open arm, and were
allowed to explore the maze for five
minutes while their behavior was recorded
by camera and analyzed by a maze router
software. The observed behaviors included
the percentage of open arm time (open/
(open + closed) %OAT), the percentage of
open arm entries, (open/ open+ closed)
%OAE), and the distance traveled in open
and closed arms in 5 min, calculated as
locomotor activity (LA). An arm entry
required that all four of the animal’s paws
be entered into the arm. Increasing the time
spent or entries in open arms were
considered as components anxiolytic effect
(23). An anxiety test was done at the end
of the training period on the resting day on
all animals without any injection or
exercise.
Statistical analysis
The data from the anxiety and locomotor
activity test was expressed as the mean±
standard error of the mean (SEM). These
data were analyzed by using one-way
analyses of variance (ANOVA). Post-hoc
analyses included student-Newman-keuls
among multiple groups, and students’ T-
test between two groups. Statistical
significance was set at the P<0.05 level.
Results
The effect of the exercise activity on
anxiety indices and locomotor activity
Figure 1 showed that after 6 weeks,
exercise activity reduced both anxiety
indices significantly (%OAT and %OAE)
in comparison with the control group
(P<0.05) (Figure 1, A). But it failed to
affect locomotor activity (Figure1, B). This
shows the anxiolytic effect of exercise
activity.
The effect of chronic administration of
cMgO and MgO NP on anxiety indices
and locomotor activity
The data in figure 2 shows that chronic
administration of MgO NP for 6 weeks
caused a significant increase in %OAT in
comparison with the control group and
cMgO (P<0.001), while it didn’t affect
%OAE or the locomotor activity (figure 2,
A and B). Chronic injection of cMgO for 6
weeks didn’t change any anxiety index or
locomotor activity.
The effect of chronic administration of
cMgO and MgO NP during exercise
activity on anxiety indexes and locomotor
activity
Chronic injection of cMgO or MgO NP
during exercise activity had no effect on
the anxiolytic effect of the exercise
activity, and made no changes in anxiety
indices or the locomotor activity in
comparison with the exercise groups
(Figure 3A and B).
4. Correlation between anxiolytic effect of MgO and exercise
Nanomed J, Vol. 1, No. 5, Autumn 2014 327
Original Research (font 12)Original Research (font 12)Original Research (font 12)Original Research (font 12)Original Research (font 12)Original Research (font 12)
Figure 1. The effect of exercise activities on anxiety indices and locomotor activity: each bar shows mean± SEM,
*P<0.05 significant differences in comparison with control group (Cont), Exe= exercised group. Student t-test was
used for comparison between groups.
Figure 2. The effect of chronic administration of cMgO and MgO NP on anxiety indices and locomotor activity: each
bar shows mean± SEM, **P<0.01 in comparison with control group (Cont), ++P<0.01 in comparison with cMgO
group.
Figure 3. The effect of chronic administration of cMgO and MgO NP during exercise activity on anxiety indices and
locomotor activity: each bar shows mean± SEM, Exe=exercised group. There were no differences among groups.
Discussion
Exercise activities cause beneficial effects
on stress reduction, anxiety, and
depression-like behaviors (12, 24). Several
clinical studies have suggested an
anxiolytic effect of regular exercise on
humans, and some studies have shown that
exercise activities are associated with
reduced anxiety across several animal
types (11, 25). These results supported our
findings that an exercise activity after 6
weeks reduced anxiety without changing
locomotor activity (Figure 1).
Exercise activities affect many metabolic
and physiologic processes, and the direct
and indirect involvement of a variety of
neurotransmitter and hormonal systems,
including serotonin, atrial natriuretic
peptide (ANP), and GABA. Every one of
these processes can be associated to the
anxiolytic effect induced by exercise
activities (25-27).
5. Anxiolytic effects of Nano MgO and of exercise
328 Nanomed J, Vol. 1, No. 5, Autumn 2014
Exercise activities increase the
concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide
(ANP). Because ANP has an anxiolytic
activity, this hormone might contribute to
the anxiolytic effects of aerobic exercise
(26). In addition, it has been demonstrated
that the endorphin released in the brain of
athletes can help reduce their stress and
anxiety (28). Our findings also showed that
MgO NP reduced anxiety notably after 6
weeks in comparison with the control
group and the conventional MgO, both of
which had no effect on locomotor activity
(figure 2 A and B).
Previous studies have shown that the
depletion of Mg leads to an increase in
depression and anxiety-related behaviors in
mice, while Mg supplementation lessens
the anxiety-related behaviors of mice (2,
28). Mg has been proved to modulate both
glutamatergic neurotransmission (via a
voltage-dependent block of NMDA
receptors) and GABAergic neuro-
transmission (5-7). It has been
demonstrated that increasing glutamate
and GABA levels in brain respectively
increases and decreases anxiety in animals
(2, 23,30). In addition, Mg has been
proved to control the activity of the HPA
axis, which is considered to be the main
stress response system (3). Some studies
demonstrated that, since Mg can block this
receptor, the blockers of NMDA induce
anxiolytic effect (31). It was also noted
that the conventional forms of MgO had no
effect on anxiety-related behaviors. In fact
MgO NP reduced anxiety, while
conventional MgO was ineffective. This
may be related to the nanoparticles
properties and their ability to affect many
neurochemical pathways with equal dose
(32, 33). Increased surface area of
nanoparticles can increase reactive groups
more than their conventional form and
increase their reactivity (32, 33).
Following the injection of nanoparticles
and conventional forms of MgO
supplements during training made no
changes in the anxiolytic effect of exercise
activity (Figure 3A and B).
Exhaustive exercise changed the ionized
Mg concentration in the extracellular and
intracellular compartments. Exercise
activity increased the lactate level in
athletes, and lactate reduced magnesium
level in the body (34). In this study MgO
NP and exercise, separately, reduced
anxiety, while when applied together, the
effect was not better. This may be the
anxiolytic effect of MgO NP and exercise
activity modulated through common
mechanisms like GABAergic system (2).
Another way is that both exercise or
magnesium supplement miss the anxiolytic
effect of each another. Exercise activity
increases lactate and this reduces the level
of magnesium in serum, which may reduce
the effect of magnesium released from
Nano MgO on anxiety-related behaviors.
Or Magnesium supplement may act as a
compensatory agent for hypomagnesaemia
induced by exercise activities (35).
Conclusion
These findings prove that the chronic
administration of MgO NP and exercise
activities for 6 weeks reduce anxiety,
whereas the anxiolytic effect of them do
not increase, when induced at the same
time. This interaction is probably related to
the common mechanisms involved in
anxiety processes, or the reducing effect of
one in the presence of the other. To
consolidate these findings, more studies
need to be done.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by Shahid
Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran, grant
number 90/302/18672. Hereby, the
researchers of this study would like to
express their sincere gratitude to the
esteemed Vice-presidency of Research of
Shahid Chamran University for their
financial and moral supports.
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