This study investigated the effects of noradrenaline and dopamine on central fatigue after prolonged cycling. Well-trained men completed a 60-minute cycling task at 55% of their maximum power output, followed by a time trial. They received either a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, dopamine reuptake inhibitor, or placebo before exercise. Compared to placebo, the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor impaired time trial performance and increased central fatigue, as shown by reduced voluntary muscle activation and worse cognitive performance on a vigilance task post-exercise. The dopamine reuptake inhibitor did not significantly affect any outcomes. This suggests that noradrenaline, but not dopamine, contributes to the development of central fatigue after prolonged cycling
TABATA: Articulo original del cual se ha basado el metodo Tabata actualMeso Ciclo
Estudio original del metodo tabata: Efectos de la resistencia de intensidad moderada y del interval training de alta intensidad respecto a la capacidad anaerobica y al VO2 MaX
It’s not only our muscles that get tired during intense exercise; our brains also experience fatigue. Fatigue is also a common and often debilitating symptom in many diseases. Join researcher Guillaume Millet for this webinar to hear key insights from his studies on both exercise-related and chronic fatigue. Learn about the factors that contribute to fatigue and how strategies like regular exercise can actually help alleviate it.
Artigo - Acupuncture on oxygen consumptionRenato Almeida
1) Auricular acupuncture had a significant effect on improving the oxygen consumption and recovery ability of boxing athletes.
2) The study found that VO2max, a key indicator of cardiovascular endurance, was significantly higher after auricular acupuncture stimulation compared to a control group.
3) Auricular acupuncture stimulation may enhance athletic performance by improving aerobic ability as shown by increased VO2max and VEmax, and faster recovery of heart rate and body temperature after exercise.
This study evaluated a new method of monitoring exercise training called the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method. The session RPE method uses a participant's perceived exertion after a training session as a marker of training intensity. The study compared the session RPE method to an objective heart rate (HR) monitoring method during steady state and interval cycling, as well as basketball practice. It found a consistent relationship between the two monitoring methods, though the session RPE scores were generally higher. Even with different subjects, the relationships between the methods were similar. The study concluded the session RPE method is a valid way to quantify training during various types of exercise when objective monitoring is not possible.
The Discrepancy in Estimated VO2MAX Concerning Diverse PracticesCarl Page
This document summarizes a study that estimated VO2max (maximal oxygen consumption) levels in participants using various exercise tests. It found that estimates of VO2max can vary depending on the test used, and are also affected by individual factors like genetics, body composition, and training status. The study measured heart rate responses and oxygen consumption during tests like treadmill running, step tests, and 12-minute runs to estimate VO2max in participants and compare the results across tests. It concluded that more accurate VO2max measurements can be obtained in a laboratory setting using expired gas analysis compared to field tests.
THE STEADY-STATE MODEL OF
BIOENERGETICS FAILS TO ACCU-
RATELY DESCRIBE THE METABO-
LISM FOR HIGH-INTENSITY POWER.
THIS ARTICLE REEXAMINES THE
ROLE OF PHOSPHOCREATINE,
LACTATE PRODUCTION, AND THE
IMPORTANCE OF AEROBIC METAB-
OLISM DURING SHORT-TERM HIGH-
INTENSITY POWER PERFORMANCE.
METABOLIC AND MECHANICAL
TESTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY POWER
HAVE EVOLVED IN THE PAST 40
YEARS. THE AUTHORS COMPARED
THE MAXIMAL ACCUMULATED
OXYGEN-DEFICIT MODEL VERSUS
THE CRITICAL POWER MODEL AND
SUMMARIZED THE RECENTLY
DEVELOPED 3-MINUTE ALL-OUT
EXERCISE TEST (3 MT). THE 3 MT
OFFERS THE STRENGTH AND
CONDITIONING PROFESSIONAL A
SIMPLE METHOD OF ESTIMATING
AN ATHLETE’S TOLERANCE TO
HIGH-INTENSITY POWER EXERCISE.
Glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistanceMasoumeh Hosseini
This study examined the acute effects of a single moderate-intensity aerobic exercise session on markers of type 2 diabetes in male smokers. Fifteen sedentary male smokers underwent a 40-minute run and had blood samples taken pre- and post-exercise to measure glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance levels. The study found that glucose concentration, serum insulin levels, and insulin resistance decreased significantly following the single exercise session. This suggests that even short-term moderate exercise can positively influence indicators of type 2 diabetes in smokers.
A single exercise test for assessing physiological and performance parameters...Fernando Maria Saura
This study investigated whether physiological and performance parameters in elite rowers could be assessed with a single "2-in-1" test combining incremental exercise and a 2000m time trial, rather than with separate tests. Ten elite rowers completed an incremental exercise test, a 2000m time trial, and a 2-in-1 test on different days. Most parameters were not significantly different between the 2-in-1 test and the separate tests, indicating the 2-in-1 test can validly assess these parameters with only one test session.
TABATA: Articulo original del cual se ha basado el metodo Tabata actualMeso Ciclo
Estudio original del metodo tabata: Efectos de la resistencia de intensidad moderada y del interval training de alta intensidad respecto a la capacidad anaerobica y al VO2 MaX
It’s not only our muscles that get tired during intense exercise; our brains also experience fatigue. Fatigue is also a common and often debilitating symptom in many diseases. Join researcher Guillaume Millet for this webinar to hear key insights from his studies on both exercise-related and chronic fatigue. Learn about the factors that contribute to fatigue and how strategies like regular exercise can actually help alleviate it.
Artigo - Acupuncture on oxygen consumptionRenato Almeida
1) Auricular acupuncture had a significant effect on improving the oxygen consumption and recovery ability of boxing athletes.
2) The study found that VO2max, a key indicator of cardiovascular endurance, was significantly higher after auricular acupuncture stimulation compared to a control group.
3) Auricular acupuncture stimulation may enhance athletic performance by improving aerobic ability as shown by increased VO2max and VEmax, and faster recovery of heart rate and body temperature after exercise.
This study evaluated a new method of monitoring exercise training called the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method. The session RPE method uses a participant's perceived exertion after a training session as a marker of training intensity. The study compared the session RPE method to an objective heart rate (HR) monitoring method during steady state and interval cycling, as well as basketball practice. It found a consistent relationship between the two monitoring methods, though the session RPE scores were generally higher. Even with different subjects, the relationships between the methods were similar. The study concluded the session RPE method is a valid way to quantify training during various types of exercise when objective monitoring is not possible.
The Discrepancy in Estimated VO2MAX Concerning Diverse PracticesCarl Page
This document summarizes a study that estimated VO2max (maximal oxygen consumption) levels in participants using various exercise tests. It found that estimates of VO2max can vary depending on the test used, and are also affected by individual factors like genetics, body composition, and training status. The study measured heart rate responses and oxygen consumption during tests like treadmill running, step tests, and 12-minute runs to estimate VO2max in participants and compare the results across tests. It concluded that more accurate VO2max measurements can be obtained in a laboratory setting using expired gas analysis compared to field tests.
THE STEADY-STATE MODEL OF
BIOENERGETICS FAILS TO ACCU-
RATELY DESCRIBE THE METABO-
LISM FOR HIGH-INTENSITY POWER.
THIS ARTICLE REEXAMINES THE
ROLE OF PHOSPHOCREATINE,
LACTATE PRODUCTION, AND THE
IMPORTANCE OF AEROBIC METAB-
OLISM DURING SHORT-TERM HIGH-
INTENSITY POWER PERFORMANCE.
METABOLIC AND MECHANICAL
TESTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY POWER
HAVE EVOLVED IN THE PAST 40
YEARS. THE AUTHORS COMPARED
THE MAXIMAL ACCUMULATED
OXYGEN-DEFICIT MODEL VERSUS
THE CRITICAL POWER MODEL AND
SUMMARIZED THE RECENTLY
DEVELOPED 3-MINUTE ALL-OUT
EXERCISE TEST (3 MT). THE 3 MT
OFFERS THE STRENGTH AND
CONDITIONING PROFESSIONAL A
SIMPLE METHOD OF ESTIMATING
AN ATHLETE’S TOLERANCE TO
HIGH-INTENSITY POWER EXERCISE.
Glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistanceMasoumeh Hosseini
This study examined the acute effects of a single moderate-intensity aerobic exercise session on markers of type 2 diabetes in male smokers. Fifteen sedentary male smokers underwent a 40-minute run and had blood samples taken pre- and post-exercise to measure glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance levels. The study found that glucose concentration, serum insulin levels, and insulin resistance decreased significantly following the single exercise session. This suggests that even short-term moderate exercise can positively influence indicators of type 2 diabetes in smokers.
A single exercise test for assessing physiological and performance parameters...Fernando Maria Saura
This study investigated whether physiological and performance parameters in elite rowers could be assessed with a single "2-in-1" test combining incremental exercise and a 2000m time trial, rather than with separate tests. Ten elite rowers completed an incremental exercise test, a 2000m time trial, and a 2-in-1 test on different days. Most parameters were not significantly different between the 2-in-1 test and the separate tests, indicating the 2-in-1 test can validly assess these parameters with only one test session.
Cold water immersion versus whole body cryotherapyFernando Farias
Cold-water immersion was more effective in
accelerating recovery kinetics than whole-body cryotherapy for countermovement jump
performance at 72h post-exercise. Cold-water immersion also demonstrated lower soreness
and higher perceived recovery levels across 24-48h post-exercise.
Effect of yogic practices on the selected physiological variables among the m...Sports Journal
The present study is to analyze the effect of Yogic practices on the selected physiological variables
among the middle aged men. For this study 100 middle age male persons were selected from Yazh Yoga
Coimbatore city, after the scrutiny by the scholar and experts 30 middle aged men were selected as
subjects by adopting purposive random sampling technique. The age of the subjects ranged from 35 to 45
years. They were divided into two equal groups namely, the group were assigned Asana, Pranayama,
Meditation (APMTG) and Control group (CG). The subjects were tested to find out the Resting Pulse
Rate, Vital Capacity and Blood Pressure. The pulse rate was assessed by arterial pulse, vital capacity was
measured by digital Spiro meter and blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer. The Asana,
Pranayama, Meditation(APMTG) Yoga group participated in Yogic practices for a period of twelve
weeks and control group did not participate in any special practice. The data were collected before and
after the training period and the pretest, post-test and the adjusted post-test were analyzed by Analysis of
Covariance (ANCOVA). The level of significance for the study was chosen as 0.05. It is concluded from
the results that the APMTG group has significant improvement in resting pulse rate, vital capacity and
blood pressure among middle aged men.
Short inter-set rest blunts resistance exercise-inducedFernando Farias
Manipulating the rest-recovery interval between sets of resistance exercise may influence
training-induced muscle remodelling. The aim of this study was to determine the acute muscle
anabolic response to resistance exercise performed with short or long inter-set rest intervals.
In a study with a parallel-group design, 16 males completed four sets of bilateral leg-press and
knee-extension exercise at 75% of one-repetition maximum to momentary muscular failure,
followed by ingestion of 25 g of whey protein. Resistance exercise sets were interspersed by
1 min (n = 8) or 5 min of passive rest (n = 8). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest, 0, 4, 24
and 28 h postexercise during a primed continuous infusion of l-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine to
determine myofibrillar protein synthesis and intracellular signalling.
This document provides a literature review on the use of heart rate variability (HRV) as a monitoring tool for training load in elite youth soccer players. It discusses how HRV can reflect autonomic nervous system balance and fatigue levels. The study aims to document daily variations in HRV, training load, session RPE, wellness measures, and performance tests over a 6-week pre-season period. Correlations between HRV, training load, sRPE, and psychometric data will be examined to evaluate HRV as a monitoring tool for training responses and recovery in youth soccer players.
Exercise physiology can be defined as both a basic and an applied science that describes, explains, and uses the body’s response to exercise and adaptation to exercise training to maximize human physical potential.
فیزیولوژی ورزشی
Effects of Cold Water Immersion on Muscle OxygenationFernando Farias
Postexercise cold water immersion has been advocated to
athletes as a means of accelerating recovery and improving perform-
ance. Given the effects of cold water immersion on blood flflw,
evaluating in vivo changes in tissue oxygenation during cold water
immersion may help further our understanding of this recovery
modality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cold water
immersion on muscle oxygenation and performance during repeated
bouts of fatiguing exercise in a group of healthy young adults.
Transfer of strength and power training to sports performance Fernando Farias
The purposes of this review are to identify the factors that contribute to the
transference of strength and power training to sports performance and to pro-
vide resistance-training guidelines. Using sprinting performance as an example,
exercises involving bilateral contractions of the leg muscles resulting in vertical
movement, such as squats and jump squats, have minimal transfer to performance.
However, plyometric training, including unilateral exercises and horizontal
movement of the whole body, elicits signifi cant increases in sprint acceleration
performance, thus highlighting the importance of movement pattern and contrac-
tion velocity specifi city. Relatively large gains in power output in nonspecifi c
movements (intramuscular coordination) can be accompanied by small changes in
sprint performance. Research on neural adaptations to resistance training indicates
that intermuscular coordination is an important component in achieving transfer to
sports skills. Although the specifi city of resistance training is important, general
strength training is potentially useful for the purposes of increasing body mass,
decreasing the risk of soft-tissue injuries, and developing core stability. Hyper-
trophy and general power exercises can enhance sports performance, but optimal
transfer from training also requires a specifi c exercise program.
The Taper Effect - The art and science of coachingpottsie01
The document discusses the coaching technique of tapering. Tapering involves gradually reducing an athlete's training load in the days leading up to a competition in order to reduce fatigue and optimize performance. It allows athletes to feel rested while maintaining fitness gains from training. The benefits of tapering include a 2-4% increase in performance levels. Coaches must carefully plan tapers considering each athlete's training history and needs. A key part of tapering is the mental aspect, with coaches providing reassurance to help athletes believe they are fully prepared.
This study investigated the activation of Raphe nuclei neurons, the main source of serotonin in the brain, through immunodetection of c-Fos protein in trained and sedentary rats. Sixteen male rats were divided into trained (5 weeks, 15-60 minutes swimming) and sedentary groups. After c-Fos immunocytochemistry and neuron counting, evaluation showed no significant differences in most Raphe nuclei except the most caudal part of the Dorsal Raphe nuclei and Raphe Palidus nuclei, where trained rats had more c-Fos immunoreactive neurons. These regions may be related to excitatory respiratory modulation. The study aimed to better understand central fatigue mechanisms by examining serotonin
Acute cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to high intensity interval trai...Fernando Farias
Results from the present study quantify the effects of altering either the intensity of the
work or the recovery interval when performing interval sessions consisting of 60s of work and
60s of recovery for multiple repetitions. The information provided may aid those interested in
designing interval training sessions by providing ranges of values that could be expected for
individuals who possess moderate levels of cardiopulmonary fitness. Using a work intensity of
80% or 100% VGO2peak and a recovery intensity of 0% or 50% VGO2peak, subjects were able to
exercise within the ACSM recommended range for exercise intensity. Based upon the data it
would appear that a protocol such as the 80/0 may be appropriate for those individuals who
are just beginning a program or have little experience with interval-type activity. By contrast, a
100/50 protocol could not be completed by all of the subjects and therefore may be too intense
for some individuals.
A comparison of 2 circuit exercise training techniques igbenito777
This study compared the metabolic, heart rate, and perceived exertion responses to circuit resistance training (CRT) using either a multistation isoinertial exercise system (MultiGym) or a customized system using Thera-Band resistance bands (ElasticGym) in people with paraplegia. Sixteen men and one woman with chronic paraplegia completed familiarization and testing on both systems. There were no significant differences in average oxygen consumption or heart rate between the two systems. However, average ratings of perceived exertion were significantly higher when using the ElasticGym system. The results suggest that CRT using a customized ElasticGym elicits similar metabolic and heart rate responses but greater perceived exertion compared to
Match analysis studies
have also demonstrated that football requires
participants to repeatedly produce maximal or
nearmaximal actions of short durationwith brief
recovery periods [40,45]. For these reasons, foot-
ball training should commonly include physical
exercises aimed to enhance both aerobic fitness
and repeated-sprint ability (RSA).
The document discusses factors that determine world-class cycling performance and provides tips for developing an effective training program. There is a general consensus that with the right commitment to training and choosing the right event based on physiology, most people could become world-class cyclists regardless of size or build. While genetics may affect performance at the highest levels, attitude and training are more important factors. An effective training program must overload the specific energy systems and muscle groups used in an athlete's event through high-intensity interval training and continuous training to maximize both aerobic and anaerobic capacity.
General fitness requires cardiorespiratory functioning, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility. Individuals of all ages can improve general fitness through physical activities like walking, biking, running, and weight training. Endurance is the ability to work for prolonged periods without fatigue and includes muscular and cardiovascular endurance. Aerobic exercise training improves the body's ability to use oxygen through increased oxidative enzymes, mitochondria, and capillaries. The cardiovascular and muscular systems adapt to training over 10-12 weeks through increased efficiency. An effective exercise program includes a warm-up, aerobic period, and cool-down and must produce a cardiovascular response through appropriate intensity, duration and frequency based on an individual's fitness level and health.
Exercise physiology is the study of how the human body responds to exercise. It requires knowledge of various body systems like the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous and endocrine systems. Degrees in exercise physiology are offered at several local colleges and involve courses in exercise science, first aid, and fitness evaluation. Careers with an exercise physiology degree include personal training, strength and conditioning coaching, physical therapy, and sports medicine. A physical therapist's typical day involves examining patients, testing strength and range of motion, developing treatment plans, and providing interventions. Coursework for physical therapy includes anatomy, neurobiology, kinesiology, and disease.
The document describes a randomized controlled trial that tested the efficacy of Brain Endurance Training (BET) in alleviating fatigue during endurance exercise. BET involves performing mentally fatiguing tasks concurrently with aerobic exercise training. The study found that combining BET with standard endurance training increased endurance performance and reduced ratings of perceived exertion more than standard training alone. Specifically, the time to exhaustion during exercise tests increased more in the BET group compared to the control group performing only aerobic training.
Interaction between anxiolytic effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and e...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
This study examined the anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) and exercise in rats. The results showed that both 6 weeks of exercise and chronic administration of MgO NPs individually reduced anxiety in rats. However, when MgO NPs were administered during exercise, there was no additional reduction in anxiety beyond the effects of exercise alone. The study suggests that exercise and MgO NPs may reduce anxiety through common mechanisms in the central nervous system.
Social Media Marketing presentation to business men and women in the Memphis area. How Social Media Marketing can take your brand to the next level. What specific steps you can take starting today to amplify your brand.
Social Media Memphis Metro Association Presentation | Prepare1 | Social Media...Theatre Memphis
Social Media Marketing the New World of Marketing. Looking at the benefits of Social Media Marketing and how the various platforms from Google+, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Blogging have a direct connection to brand awareness and amplifying your brand.
Cold water immersion versus whole body cryotherapyFernando Farias
Cold-water immersion was more effective in
accelerating recovery kinetics than whole-body cryotherapy for countermovement jump
performance at 72h post-exercise. Cold-water immersion also demonstrated lower soreness
and higher perceived recovery levels across 24-48h post-exercise.
Effect of yogic practices on the selected physiological variables among the m...Sports Journal
The present study is to analyze the effect of Yogic practices on the selected physiological variables
among the middle aged men. For this study 100 middle age male persons were selected from Yazh Yoga
Coimbatore city, after the scrutiny by the scholar and experts 30 middle aged men were selected as
subjects by adopting purposive random sampling technique. The age of the subjects ranged from 35 to 45
years. They were divided into two equal groups namely, the group were assigned Asana, Pranayama,
Meditation (APMTG) and Control group (CG). The subjects were tested to find out the Resting Pulse
Rate, Vital Capacity and Blood Pressure. The pulse rate was assessed by arterial pulse, vital capacity was
measured by digital Spiro meter and blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer. The Asana,
Pranayama, Meditation(APMTG) Yoga group participated in Yogic practices for a period of twelve
weeks and control group did not participate in any special practice. The data were collected before and
after the training period and the pretest, post-test and the adjusted post-test were analyzed by Analysis of
Covariance (ANCOVA). The level of significance for the study was chosen as 0.05. It is concluded from
the results that the APMTG group has significant improvement in resting pulse rate, vital capacity and
blood pressure among middle aged men.
Short inter-set rest blunts resistance exercise-inducedFernando Farias
Manipulating the rest-recovery interval between sets of resistance exercise may influence
training-induced muscle remodelling. The aim of this study was to determine the acute muscle
anabolic response to resistance exercise performed with short or long inter-set rest intervals.
In a study with a parallel-group design, 16 males completed four sets of bilateral leg-press and
knee-extension exercise at 75% of one-repetition maximum to momentary muscular failure,
followed by ingestion of 25 g of whey protein. Resistance exercise sets were interspersed by
1 min (n = 8) or 5 min of passive rest (n = 8). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest, 0, 4, 24
and 28 h postexercise during a primed continuous infusion of l-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine to
determine myofibrillar protein synthesis and intracellular signalling.
This document provides a literature review on the use of heart rate variability (HRV) as a monitoring tool for training load in elite youth soccer players. It discusses how HRV can reflect autonomic nervous system balance and fatigue levels. The study aims to document daily variations in HRV, training load, session RPE, wellness measures, and performance tests over a 6-week pre-season period. Correlations between HRV, training load, sRPE, and psychometric data will be examined to evaluate HRV as a monitoring tool for training responses and recovery in youth soccer players.
Exercise physiology can be defined as both a basic and an applied science that describes, explains, and uses the body’s response to exercise and adaptation to exercise training to maximize human physical potential.
فیزیولوژی ورزشی
Effects of Cold Water Immersion on Muscle OxygenationFernando Farias
Postexercise cold water immersion has been advocated to
athletes as a means of accelerating recovery and improving perform-
ance. Given the effects of cold water immersion on blood flflw,
evaluating in vivo changes in tissue oxygenation during cold water
immersion may help further our understanding of this recovery
modality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cold water
immersion on muscle oxygenation and performance during repeated
bouts of fatiguing exercise in a group of healthy young adults.
Transfer of strength and power training to sports performance Fernando Farias
The purposes of this review are to identify the factors that contribute to the
transference of strength and power training to sports performance and to pro-
vide resistance-training guidelines. Using sprinting performance as an example,
exercises involving bilateral contractions of the leg muscles resulting in vertical
movement, such as squats and jump squats, have minimal transfer to performance.
However, plyometric training, including unilateral exercises and horizontal
movement of the whole body, elicits signifi cant increases in sprint acceleration
performance, thus highlighting the importance of movement pattern and contrac-
tion velocity specifi city. Relatively large gains in power output in nonspecifi c
movements (intramuscular coordination) can be accompanied by small changes in
sprint performance. Research on neural adaptations to resistance training indicates
that intermuscular coordination is an important component in achieving transfer to
sports skills. Although the specifi city of resistance training is important, general
strength training is potentially useful for the purposes of increasing body mass,
decreasing the risk of soft-tissue injuries, and developing core stability. Hyper-
trophy and general power exercises can enhance sports performance, but optimal
transfer from training also requires a specifi c exercise program.
The Taper Effect - The art and science of coachingpottsie01
The document discusses the coaching technique of tapering. Tapering involves gradually reducing an athlete's training load in the days leading up to a competition in order to reduce fatigue and optimize performance. It allows athletes to feel rested while maintaining fitness gains from training. The benefits of tapering include a 2-4% increase in performance levels. Coaches must carefully plan tapers considering each athlete's training history and needs. A key part of tapering is the mental aspect, with coaches providing reassurance to help athletes believe they are fully prepared.
This study investigated the activation of Raphe nuclei neurons, the main source of serotonin in the brain, through immunodetection of c-Fos protein in trained and sedentary rats. Sixteen male rats were divided into trained (5 weeks, 15-60 minutes swimming) and sedentary groups. After c-Fos immunocytochemistry and neuron counting, evaluation showed no significant differences in most Raphe nuclei except the most caudal part of the Dorsal Raphe nuclei and Raphe Palidus nuclei, where trained rats had more c-Fos immunoreactive neurons. These regions may be related to excitatory respiratory modulation. The study aimed to better understand central fatigue mechanisms by examining serotonin
Acute cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to high intensity interval trai...Fernando Farias
Results from the present study quantify the effects of altering either the intensity of the
work or the recovery interval when performing interval sessions consisting of 60s of work and
60s of recovery for multiple repetitions. The information provided may aid those interested in
designing interval training sessions by providing ranges of values that could be expected for
individuals who possess moderate levels of cardiopulmonary fitness. Using a work intensity of
80% or 100% VGO2peak and a recovery intensity of 0% or 50% VGO2peak, subjects were able to
exercise within the ACSM recommended range for exercise intensity. Based upon the data it
would appear that a protocol such as the 80/0 may be appropriate for those individuals who
are just beginning a program or have little experience with interval-type activity. By contrast, a
100/50 protocol could not be completed by all of the subjects and therefore may be too intense
for some individuals.
A comparison of 2 circuit exercise training techniques igbenito777
This study compared the metabolic, heart rate, and perceived exertion responses to circuit resistance training (CRT) using either a multistation isoinertial exercise system (MultiGym) or a customized system using Thera-Band resistance bands (ElasticGym) in people with paraplegia. Sixteen men and one woman with chronic paraplegia completed familiarization and testing on both systems. There were no significant differences in average oxygen consumption or heart rate between the two systems. However, average ratings of perceived exertion were significantly higher when using the ElasticGym system. The results suggest that CRT using a customized ElasticGym elicits similar metabolic and heart rate responses but greater perceived exertion compared to
Match analysis studies
have also demonstrated that football requires
participants to repeatedly produce maximal or
nearmaximal actions of short durationwith brief
recovery periods [40,45]. For these reasons, foot-
ball training should commonly include physical
exercises aimed to enhance both aerobic fitness
and repeated-sprint ability (RSA).
The document discusses factors that determine world-class cycling performance and provides tips for developing an effective training program. There is a general consensus that with the right commitment to training and choosing the right event based on physiology, most people could become world-class cyclists regardless of size or build. While genetics may affect performance at the highest levels, attitude and training are more important factors. An effective training program must overload the specific energy systems and muscle groups used in an athlete's event through high-intensity interval training and continuous training to maximize both aerobic and anaerobic capacity.
General fitness requires cardiorespiratory functioning, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility. Individuals of all ages can improve general fitness through physical activities like walking, biking, running, and weight training. Endurance is the ability to work for prolonged periods without fatigue and includes muscular and cardiovascular endurance. Aerobic exercise training improves the body's ability to use oxygen through increased oxidative enzymes, mitochondria, and capillaries. The cardiovascular and muscular systems adapt to training over 10-12 weeks through increased efficiency. An effective exercise program includes a warm-up, aerobic period, and cool-down and must produce a cardiovascular response through appropriate intensity, duration and frequency based on an individual's fitness level and health.
Exercise physiology is the study of how the human body responds to exercise. It requires knowledge of various body systems like the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous and endocrine systems. Degrees in exercise physiology are offered at several local colleges and involve courses in exercise science, first aid, and fitness evaluation. Careers with an exercise physiology degree include personal training, strength and conditioning coaching, physical therapy, and sports medicine. A physical therapist's typical day involves examining patients, testing strength and range of motion, developing treatment plans, and providing interventions. Coursework for physical therapy includes anatomy, neurobiology, kinesiology, and disease.
The document describes a randomized controlled trial that tested the efficacy of Brain Endurance Training (BET) in alleviating fatigue during endurance exercise. BET involves performing mentally fatiguing tasks concurrently with aerobic exercise training. The study found that combining BET with standard endurance training increased endurance performance and reduced ratings of perceived exertion more than standard training alone. Specifically, the time to exhaustion during exercise tests increased more in the BET group compared to the control group performing only aerobic training.
Interaction between anxiolytic effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and e...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
This study examined the anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) and exercise in rats. The results showed that both 6 weeks of exercise and chronic administration of MgO NPs individually reduced anxiety in rats. However, when MgO NPs were administered during exercise, there was no additional reduction in anxiety beyond the effects of exercise alone. The study suggests that exercise and MgO NPs may reduce anxiety through common mechanisms in the central nervous system.
Social Media Marketing presentation to business men and women in the Memphis area. How Social Media Marketing can take your brand to the next level. What specific steps you can take starting today to amplify your brand.
Social Media Memphis Metro Association Presentation | Prepare1 | Social Media...Theatre Memphis
Social Media Marketing the New World of Marketing. Looking at the benefits of Social Media Marketing and how the various platforms from Google+, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Blogging have a direct connection to brand awareness and amplifying your brand.
1) Cement companies are increasingly adopting branding and celebrity endorsements as part of their marketing strategies to differentiate their products and build brand loyalty.
2) Effective branding helps cement companies position their products, increase sales and market share by creating brand recognition and trust with consumers.
3) Innovative branding approaches used by cement companies include direct consumer engagement, film sponsorships, and celebrity endorsements to promote their brands. However, the impact of celebrity endorsements depends on ensuring a strong brand-celebrity fit.
4) As the cement market becomes more competitive, branding is expected to grow in importance to help cement companies compete through product differentiation and brand promotion. However, mergers and acquisitions could disrupt company
Germantown Business Expo Presentation | Prepare1 | Social Media Coach MemphisTheatre Memphis
Presentation to the Germantown Business Expo Event on Social Media Marketing. How businesses today are effectively using Social Media. Showed how Social Media Platforms are changing quickly like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and how to get into the Social Media Game.
Protecting kids in a Social Media World outlines key steps parents can take to help keep children safe online:
1) Educate yourself about the social media sites your child uses and understand the privacy policies and codes of conduct.
2) Set clear rules for internet use at home that your child agrees to follow.
3) Advise children not to post personal details like full names, addresses, or school locations that could help strangers identify them offline.
1) The study investigated the role of sensory feedback from working muscles on central motor drive and the development of peripheral muscle fatigue during high-intensity cycling.
2) Eight competitive cyclists performed three 5 km cycling time trials under different conditions: control, placebo injection, and intrathecal fentanyl injection to impair sensory feedback.
3) Impairing sensory feedback with fentanyl increased central motor drive and power output early in exercise but led to greater peripheral muscle fatigue and poorer performance later in exercise, emphasizing the role of sensory feedback in regulating central motor drive and limiting fatigue development.
2 Brain activation and exhaustion - Kilty et al 2011-annotated.pdfJorgeSilva638591
1) The study investigated how communication between the mid/anterior insular cortex and motor cortex changes during a fatiguing cycling exercise using electroencephalography (EEG).
2) Results showed that lagged phase synchronization, a measure of intracortical communication, significantly increased between the mid/anterior insular cortex and motor cortex at the end of the fatiguing cycling exercise compared to the beginning.
3) Lagged phase synchronization returned to baseline levels during a recovery cycling period after subjects stopped exercising, indicating the increased communication was specific to the fatigued state.
1) The study examined changes in plasma beta-endorphin (β-EP) concentrations in response to different heavy resistance exercise protocols.
2) Only the high total work protocol (1 min rest, 10 repetition maximum load) demonstrated significant increases in plasma β-EP and serum cortisol during and after exercise.
3) Increases in blood lactate were observed after all protocols, but were highest after the high total work protocol, and lactate concentrations correlated with β-EP concentrations.
Exercise and Heart Rate Recovery 38Journal of Exer.docxMARRY7
Exercise and Heart Rate Recovery
38
Journal of Exercise Physiologyonline
(JEPonline)
Volume 11 February 1 June 2008
Fitness and Training Managing Editor
Tommy Boone, Ph.D.
Editor-in-Chief
Jon K. Linderman, Ph.D.
Review Board
Todd Astorino, Ph.D.
Julien Baker, Ph.D.
Tommy Boone, Ph.D.
Lance Dalleck, Ph.D.
Dan Drury, DPE.
Hermann Engals, Ph.D.
Eric Goulet, Ph.D.
Robert Gotshall, Ph.D.
Melissa Knight-Maloney,
Ph.D.
Len Kravitz, Ph.D.
James Laskin, Ph.D.
Derek Marks, Ph.D.
Cristine Mermier, Ph.D.
Daryl Parker, Ph.D.
Robert Robergs, Ph.D.
Brent Ruby, Ph.D.
Jason Siegler, Ph.D.
Greg Tardie, Ph.D.
Chantal Vella, Ph.D.
Lesley White, Ph.D.
Ben Zhou, Ph.D.
Official Research Journal
of The American Society of
Exercise Physiologists
(ASEP)
ISSN 1097-9751
EFFECT OF EXERCISE PROTOCOL (“WARM-UP”) ON
POST-EXERCISE HEART RATE RECOVERY
GORDON PIERPONT1
1Minneapolis VA Medical Center and University of Minnesota/
Minneapolis, MN, USA
ABSTRACT
Pierpont GL. Effect of Exercise Protocol (“warm-up”) on Post-Exercise
Heart Rate Recovery JEPonline 2008 11(1):38-44. Delayed heart rate
recovery (HRR) from exercise indicates poor prognosis, but effects of
variations in exercise protocol on HRR are unclear. This study was
therefore designed to test the hypothesis that HRR could vary
depending on the protocol used to achieve maximum exercise. Sixteen
healthy volunteers exercised to exhaustion using 2 widely disparate
protocols. Protocol WmUp used a gradually progressive increase in
treadmill speed and elevation, while protocol Sdn was a sudden onset
high level exercise. WmUp resulted in a higher peak heart rate (178 + 6
bpm) than Sdn (170 + 6, p<.001). HRR at 1 min was not significantly
different from the post WmUp (- 41+14 vs. - 44+15 bpm, p = .07).
However, when converted to percent change from maximum (36+10 vs.
42+12%, p = .002), it was significant. By 2 minutes post-exercise there
was no difference in HRR (absolute or percent change). These findings
demonstrate that exercise protocol can affect maximum achievable heart
rate, but the subsequent effect on HRR is too small to be clinically
relevant.
Key Words: Cardiovascular Physiology, Exercise Prescription, Intensity,
Maximal Heart Rate
Exercise and Heart Rate Recovery
39
INTRODUCTION
It is now fairly well established that a delay in heart rate recovery (HRR) following exercise predicts
poor prognosis. This includes risk of sudden death as well as all cause mortality (1). The risk can be
demonstrated in asymptomatic individuals (1-5), the elderly, (6) patients referred for exercise
screening (7-10), and patients with known coronary artery disease (11-13), diabetes mellitus (14),
congestive heart failure (15), and post myocardial infarction (16). It has also been used to predict
subsequent ischemic heart disease (17), ischemic cardiac or cerebrovascular even ...
This study investigated the activation of Raphe nuclei neurons, the main source of serotonin in the brain, through immunodetection of c-Fos protein in trained and sedentary rats. Sixteen male rats were divided into trained (5 weeks, 15-60 minutes swimming) and sedentary groups. After c-Fos immunocytochemistry and neuron counting, evaluation showed no significant differences in most Raphe nuclei except the most caudal part of the Dorsal Raphe nuclei and Raphe Palidus nuclei, where trained rats had more c-Fos immunoreactive neurons. These regions may be related to excitatory respiratory modulation. The study examined central nervous system adaptation to prolonged exercise through analysis
This study compared the effects of two different 6-week training protocols on anaerobic capacity and VO2max in young men. Moderate-intensity endurance training improved VO2max but did not change anaerobic capacity. High-intensity interval training improved both VO2max and anaerobic capacity, increasing VO2max by 7 ml/kg/min and anaerobic capacity by 28%. The findings suggest training must stress lactate production and recruit anaerobic energy systems maximally to improve anaerobic capacity.
effect of tens on hand function in hemiplegic patientPandurangChavan11
The study aimed to determine whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can effectively improve hand function when used as an adjunct to physical therapy for post-stroke hemiplegic patients. 30 subjects were randomly assigned to receive either real TENS or placebo TENS with conventional physical therapy for 3 weeks. Both groups showed significant improvement in hand function as measured by Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Action Research Arm Test scores. However, the real TENS group demonstrated greater functional gains compared to the placebo group. The findings suggest that TENS is an effective and well-tolerated adjunct for improving hand function in post-stroke hemiplegics when added to conventional physical therapy.
ZMPCAR051000.06.02 Recovery after high-intensity intermittent exercise in Eli...Painezee Specialist
After elite male soccer players performed intermittent high-intensity exercise:
- Those who received blood-flow stimulation via an electric device during a 1-hour recovery period showed better restoration of anaerobic performance based on a 30-second all-out rowing test at 1 hour post-exercise compared to those who received only passive recovery.
- However, neither recovery method improved clearance of muscle damage markers like creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase or maximal voluntary contraction at 1 or 24 hours post-exercise.
- The blood-flow stimulation may provide a beneficial recovery effect for athletes in sports with successive high-intensity efforts separated by short recovery periods.
Acute cardiorespiratory responses to inspiratory pressure threshold loadingClara Daher
This study evaluated the acute cardiorespiratory responses to different intensities of inspiratory pressure threshold loading in trained rowers. The study found that:
1) As the intensity of inspiratory pressure threshold loading increased, the number of repetitions completed (repetition maximum) decreased in a nonlinear fashion, with a sharp drop occurring at loads over 70% of maximal inspiratory pressure.
2) Tidal volume decreased over time with loads of 60-80% of maximal inspiratory pressure, as did the amount of external work completed by the inspiratory muscles.
3) Only the 60% load elicited a sustained rise in blood pressure measurements, providing evidence that the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex was activated at this
1) A study compared the hormonal, neuromuscular, and recovery responses between forced repetition (FR) training and maximum repetition (MR) training. FR resulted in greater decreases in muscle force and activity compared to MR.
2) Several studies examined the effects of forced repetitions, finding they induce greater acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses than traditional training and may overload the neuromuscular system more, especially for strength athletes.
3) Other training techniques like tri-sets, drop sets, and rest-pause were also examined in studies and found to effectively increase metabolic and mechanical stresses through greater time under tension, workload, and muscle recruitment compared to traditional sets performed to failure.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
This study compared the hemodynamic effects and seizure activity of thiopentone sodium and propofol when used as inducing agents in 100 patients undergoing modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT). Results showed:
1) Propofol maintained significantly better hemodynamics compared to thiopentone, with lower heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure.
2) Seizure time was significantly lower with propofol compared to thiopentone, but therapeutic effect and complication rates were comparable.
3) Recovery from anesthesia post-MECT was significantly quicker with propofol compared to thiopentone.
The study concludes that from an anesthesiologist
This study investigated whether short-term strength training induces task-specific neuroplasticity at the spinal or supraspinal level. Subjects performed 4 sessions of either explosive or sustained knee extensions. H-reflexes and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured before and after training during the onset of both tasks. After training, H-reflexes remained unchanged but MEP areas decreased during the onset of the trained task only, suggesting training-induced task-specific neuroplasticity occurred at the supraspinal level to improve corticospinal efficiency for the trained task.
The document compares the effects of a drop set protocol versus a 3x10 protocol on fatigue and neuromuscular responses in the bench press. It finds that the drop set protocol resulted in significantly lower maximal force production and higher reported pain. While median frequency was similar between protocols, EMG amplitude increased more for the 3x10 protocol. This suggests that higher intensity training performed without failure may be more effective at increasing muscle activation and recruitment than drop sets performed to failure. The study concludes that increased fatigue and discomfort are not necessary to stimulate neuromuscular adaptations.
Post exercise cold water immersion attenuates acute anabolic signallingFernando Farias
these two studies offer new and
important insights into how cold water immersion during
recovery from strength exercise affects chronic training
adaptations and some of the molecular mechanisms that
underpin such adaptations. Cold water immersion delayed
or inhibited satellite cell activity and suppressed the
activation of p70S6K after acute strength exercise. These
effects may have been compounded over time to diminish
the expected increases in muscle mass and strength as a
result of training. The results of these studies challenge the
notion that cold water immersion improves recovery after
exercise. Individuals who use strength training to improve
athletic performance, recover from injury or maintain
their health should therefore reconsider whether to use
cold water immersion as an adjuvant to their training.
This study investigated the effects of intensive neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) treatment at home over 3 weeks on functional improvements and cortical changes in subjects with chronic stroke. 16 subjects were randomly assigned to either a true NMES treatment group or a sham treatment group. Both groups underwent testing before and after treatment, and the sham group was also tested after crossing over to the true treatment. The true NMES group showed improvements in measures of hand function and strength, while the sham group did not improve initially but did improve after crossing over to true treatment. Functional MRI revealed increased cortical activation in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex following true NMES treatment. This suggests NMES may stimulate cortical sensory areas to enable improved motor function
ZMPCZM017000.11.03 Carey Experimentation on brain researchPainezee Specialist
This study investigated the effects of intensive neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) treatment at home over 3 weeks on functional improvements and cortical changes in subjects with chronic stroke. 16 subjects were randomly assigned to either a true NMES treatment group or a sham treatment group. Both groups underwent testing before and after treatment, and the sham group was also tested after crossing over to the true treatment. The true NMES group showed improvements in measures of hand function and strength, while the sham group did not improve initially but did improve after crossing over. Functional MRI revealed increased cortical activation in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex following true NMES treatment. The findings suggest NMES may stimulate cortical sensory areas to enable improved motor function in subjects
This study investigated the effects of intensive neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) treatment at home over 3 weeks on functional improvements and cortical changes in subjects with chronic stroke. 16 subjects were randomly assigned to either a true NMES treatment group or a sham treatment group. Both groups underwent testing before and after treatment, and the sham group was also tested after crossing over to the true treatment. The NMES group demonstrated improvements in hand function tests and self-reported use scales not seen in the sham group. Additionally, NMES was found to increase cortical activation in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex as measured by fMRI. The findings suggest NMES may stimulate cortical sensory areas to enable improved motor function in subjects with chronic stroke
ZMPCZM017000.11.03 Carey Experimentation on brain researchPainezee Specialist
This study investigated the effects of intensive neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) treatment at home over 3 weeks on functional improvements and cortical changes in subjects with chronic stroke. 16 subjects were randomly assigned to either a true NMES treatment group or a sham treatment group. Both groups underwent testing before and after treatment, and the sham group was also tested after crossing over to the true treatment. The true NMES group showed improvements in measures of hand function and strength, while the sham group did not improve initially but did improve after crossing over. Functional MRI revealed increased cortical activation in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex following true NMES treatment. The findings suggest NMES may stimulate cortical sensory areas to enable improved motor function in subjects
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.