Intellectual developmental disorders (IDD) are characterized by below-average intellectual ability and daily living skill deficits, with onset before age 18. Common causes include genetic conditions, prenatal and perinatal factors, and postnatal influences, leading to varying types of IDD from mild to profound. Effective management includes early intervention, tailored education, therapy, and community support, enabling individuals with IDD to lead fulfilling lives.

1. Intellectual Developmental
Disorders (IDD)
A Comprehensive Overview

2. What is IDD?
• Intellectual Developmental Disorders (IDD) are
a group of disorders characterized by below-
average intellectual ability and a lack of skills
necessary for daily living. These limitations
must appear before the age of 18.

3. Diagnostic Criteria
• - Deficits in intellectual functioning (e.g.,
reasoning, problem-solving)
• - Deficits in adaptive functioning (e.g.,
communication, social skills)
• - Onset during the developmental period
(before age 18)

4. Common Causes of IDD
• - Genetic conditions (e.g., Down syndrome,
Fragile X syndrome)
• - Prenatal factors (e.g., alcohol, drug use
during pregnancy)
• - Perinatal factors (e.g., premature birth, birth
injury)
• - Postnatal factors (e.g., brain injury, severe
malnutrition)

5. Types of IDD
• - Mild IDD: Slower development, can achieve
some independence
• - Moderate IDD: Limited communication and
academic skills
• - Severe IDD: Significant physical and
intellectual impairments
• - Profound IDD: Requires intensive support
and care

6. Challenges Faced by Individuals
with IDD
• - Difficulty with learning and memory
• - Problems with communication and social
interactions
• - Increased risk of health issues (e.g., obesity,
epilepsy)
• - Dependency on caregivers for daily tasks

7. Management and Interventions
• - Early intervention programs to improve skills
• - Special education tailored to individual needs
• - Behavioral therapy and counseling
• - Family support and community resources
• - Use of assistive technology for
communication

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9. Case Studies
• Case studies highlight individual experiences,
showcasing the diversity in the challenges
faced and the effectiveness of various
interventions.

10. Conclusion
• Understanding Intellectual Developmental
Disorders is crucial for providing effective
support. With proper interventions and
community involvement, individuals with IDD
can lead fulfilling lives.