Integrating spatial and thematic data: the CRISOLA case for Malta and the European project Plan4all Saviour Formosa - Institute of Criminology, University of Malta Vincent Magri - Fondazzjoni Temi Zammit, University of Malta Julia Neuschmid, Manfred Schrenk - Department for Urbanism, Transport, Environment and Information Society, Central European Institute of Technology, Austria

1. 85th Annual WAD Conference 2010 – 24th September 2010 Integrating spatial and thematic data: the CRISOLA case for Malta and the European project Plan4all www.um.edu.mt ICCSA 2011 - International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications 22 June 2011 Saviour Formosa Vincent Magri Julia Neuschmid Manfred Schrenk

2. The Context The Theme: Crime The Future The Conveyor CRIME SOCIAL LANDUSE

4. Access and limitations/moratoria to social data

5. Cleaning the data where available is done mostly manually

6. Spatial issues:

7. Projections and conversions of whole state has proven a ‘nightmare’

8. Geocoding is based on street centre points which does not allow for real locational analysis

9. Streets are non-networked

10. Address point database does not exist…

11. However, major steps have been made to create an NSDI based on the requirements from the INSPIRE Directive, together with a pivot from the Aarhus Convention and other data-related legislation

12. Study uses the initial work on data specifications as based on the Plan4All and INSPIRE specifications

14. The INSPIRE Annexes: the social themes… Annex I Coordinate reference systems Geographical grid systems Geographical names Administrative units Transport networks Hydrography Protected sites Annex I I Elevation Addresses of properties Cadastral parcels Land cover Orthoimagery Annex III Statistical units census Buildings Soil Geology Landuse Human health and safety Governmental services and environmental monitoring facilities Classified sites (industry and agriculture) Populationdistribution – demography Area management and …. zones Natural risk zones Atmospheric conditions Meteorological geographical features Oceanographic geographical features Sea regions Bio-geographical regions

15. Zooming In: The State of Play Population: 413,609 (Demographic Review, 2008) Plenty of opportunities for predators to operate in Households: 140,000 (Census, 2005) Land area: 316 Km2 (MEPA, 2010) Land cover: 27% - 85 Km2 (MEPA, 2005) Dwellings: 192,000 (Census, 2005) Vacant Dwellings: 53,000 (Census, 2005) Enterprises: 50,000 (NSO, 2008)

16. Environmental Criminology – Urban Ecology The relationship between crime and the urban environment: Chicago to UK to Malta

17. CRIME SOCIAL LANDUSE CRISOLA Theories Opportunity Theory Routine Activity Theory Broken Windows Theory Structuration Theory Cognitive landscape mindmaps W6H

18. Phase 1 - Conceptual Model Logical Matrix

19. Phase 2 – Identifying the linkages

20. Phase 3 – Identifying the datasets and attributes

21. Demographic Landscapes: Population Density

22. Social Landscapes: Unemployment Rates

23. Offender basedata in 1990s

24. Offender clusters in 1990s

25. Offender densities by EAs: popdens-offender correlation

26. Offender densities vs National densities: EAs

27. Offender - poverty hotspots

28. Offence analysis: pin it to a wall? Or easy digital process? Error Generation Manual imposition Dark Figure

29. 85th Annual WAD Conference 2010 – 24th September 2010 Offence Incidences: spatio-temporal - Migration

30. 85th Annual WAD Conference 2010 – 24th September 2010 Leisure & Recreation Residential Parking Leisure & Recreation Residential Retail Health Residential Retail Parking Recreation Residential Retail - Offices Parking Offence NNA: spatial – Type by spread – Most effected

31. St. Luke’s Hospital Detox Bus Terminus Parking Space Marina Bus Stop Traffic Lights Retail Housing Estate Political Party HQs Schools Sports & Retail Offence NNA: spatial – Type by spread – Pieta Detailed

32. Offence constructs: Zoning

33. Offences: Zoning Categories

34. Offence constructs: Residential offences

35. Offence Hotspots: spatial – Retail Crime

36. Offence Hotspots: spatial – Retail Crime

37. Buffer Analysis: Retail Impacts on the Neighbourhoods San Giljan Case Study Inner Zones Serious Crimes, Theft and Damage Middle Zones Damage & Vehicle Crime Outer Zones Vehicle, Damage Residential Burglaries Mitigation: Requires effective policing and SIAs Success: reduction of >10% In Dragonara Road: Simple installation of lighting/CCTV

38. Socio-Physical Models: The Conchin et al case study Crime Constructs: a modelling perspective

39. Offence constructs: The Conchin et al case study - extended Crime Constructs: a planning perspective Illegal development

40. Offence constructs: The Conchin et al case study - extended Crime Constructs: a temporal perspective Shadow impact

41. Offence constructs: The Conchin et al case study - extended Crime Constructs: a trigger perspective Offender locations responsible for crimes psychologically induced by stress-triggered factors caused by prolonged sunlight deprivation

42. The Conveyors: Early Mapservers

43. Map service: Malta CrimeMaps

44. Map service: Malta CrimeMaps

45. Map service: Census 2005 – Population and Housing

46. The Plan4All Project What is Plan4all Plan4all is a European project co-funded by the Community programme eContentplus. The main aim of the project is to harmonise spatial planning data and related metadata according to the INSPIRE principles. The Plan4all consortium is composed of 24 partners from 15 European countries.

47. The Plan4All Objectives To encompass the definition of standards for spatial planning data harmonisation according to INSPIRE To implement the Plan4all geoportal that consists of harmonised spatial planning data that can be shared To contribute to a European spatial data infrastructure

48. The Plan4All work Plan4all Spatial Data Interest Communities registration INSPIRE Requirements Analysis Analysis of National Requirements on Spatial Planning Metadata Analysis of Conceptual Data Models for Selected Schemes Analysis of Demand on European Spatial Planning Data Sharing Plan4all Metadata Profile Conceptual Data Models for Selected Themes

50. Reprojecting to WGS84: EPSG: 36233;

51. Conversion to shp format from .tab format;

52. Colour schemes are lost in the transition and need to be recreated in the geoserver.The services offered by the system are WMS, WFS, whilst metadata services are provided through a link to the Plan4All metadata service where these files were stored in both xml and xls formats. The main data layers are made available through OpenLayers format incorporating WMS and WFS services. Metadata of the spatial planning data was created and compiled by INSPIRE Metadata Editor (XML Creator). The INSPIRE Metadata editor makes it possible to create INSPIRE compliant metadata and to download it as an xml file.

53. The Plan4All work – UML

54. The Plan4All work: CLC Case Study Metadata Services

55. The Plan4All work: CLC Case Study

56. The Plan4All work: CLC Case Study Transformation Services Schemas The schema used for Land Cover was that identified by the Plan4All guidelines and the Application Schema was the “Land Cover” Schema.

57. The Plan4All work: CLC Case Study Feature Catalogue Map viewer The webmap client used was geo server: (http://ftzgeo.org:8080/geoserver/web)

58. What outputs willINSPIRE deliver? INSPIRE Directive Deliverables Implementation rules – standardisation Base for National Data Infrastructure Metadata Spatial structures Data Services Discovery Services View Services

59. The Next Steps: – The FUTURE THE NEXT STEP FOR INTEGRATION OF CRISOLA IN THE MALTESE ISLANDS WHERE SHALL WE GO FROM HERE?

60. The Next Steps: ERDF 156 Developing National Environmental Monitoring Infrastructure and Capacity Structural Funds Projectunder the Operational Programme I Priority Axis 6ERDF 156

61. Some Outputs: Serving as the base for social and spatial analysis Air Strategy and Data Acquisition Water Strategy and Baseline Study Noise and Radiation Strategy Chemicals in Soil Strategy Full LIDAR Scan: Terrestrial and Bathymetric Ground truthing for sea substrate type Oblique aerial imagery & satellite imagery Online information service Online mapservice - SEIS Statistical backing for experts – inc. spatial stats ALL Data is to be disseminated for FREE

62. The Area under Study Maltese Islands coast inclusive of 1 nautical mile boundary from the baseline coastline

63. The Tools to enhance Analysis LIDAR Scan: Terrestrial(Topographic Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR))Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) LIDAR Scan: Bathymetric Bathymetric Scan: Acoustic(interferometer swath and side scan sonar)Digital Surface Model and an acoustic information map of sea bed Oblique aerial imagery & orthophotos Satellite imagery Remote GPS Cameras (Remote capture GPS receiver) 3D scanner and GIS Handhelds Global Navigation Satellite System Station and geodetic receivers Link to the iphone app pollution data porting to social domains from the environmental domains

64. Revisiting INSPIRE Annex I Coordinate reference systems Geographical grid systems Geographical names Administrative units Transport networks Hydrography Protected sites Annex II Elevation Addresses of properties Cadastral parcels Land cover Orthoimagery Annex III Statistical units census Buildings Soil Geology Landuse Human health and safety Governmental services and environmental monitoring facilities Classified sites (industry and agriculture) Populationdistribution – demography Area management and …. zones Natural risk zones Atmospheric conditions Meteorological geographical features Oceanographic geographical features Sea regions Bio-geographical regions Annex IV Social Themes

65. The Information Social Dilemma Tower of Babel or Valhalla? Today we are facing a period unprecedented in history: information is available, it is easy to decipher and is accessible to all… Or is it? Are we going down the Babel way? The most brilliant architects got together with the brightest inventions and plans.. But there were too many languages and they couldn’t communicate. That killed the tower not the technology If Techno-Centric Approaches appear difficult to understand imagine what it is like for the non-Technics thus socio-technic approaches are the way forward.

66. Thank You Saviour Formosa - saviour.formosa@um.edu.mtVincent Magri - vincent@ascendconsulting.eu Julia Neuschmid - j.neuschmid@ceit.at Manfred Schrenk - m.schrenk@ceit.at