Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities

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Beniamino Murgante School ofEngineering, University of Basilicata beniamino.murgante@unibas.it http://oldwww.unibas.it/utenti/murgante/Benny.html https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Beniamino_Murgante Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Ten commandments for the city (Hanzl, 2014) https://www.facebook.com/photo.php? fbid=10204196347015718&set=pb.1438171327.- 2207520000.1403434139.&type=3&theater

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Cities are the economic heart of America http://www.was hingtonpost.co m/blogs/the- fix/wp/2014/02/ 19/you-might- not-like-big- cities-but-you- need- them/?tid=sm_f b

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2012/07/20/u-s-cities-with-bigger-economies-than- entire-countries/tab/interactive/

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Cities play a central role for humanity, offering the opportunity to learn from each other face to face.

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody. (Jane Jacobs) All of us articulate our understanding of the city in different ways, thus implying that cities are kaleidoscopes of plurality, a multiplicity of ideas, perceptions, theories, models. (Batty, 2013)

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST http://www.smartcity-planning.co.jp/en/outline/index.html

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Percentage of EU population living in urban areas, 1950-2050 (forecast) Source: UN (2009)

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Virtual Cities: construction and representation of urban scenarios

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Computable City (Batty, 1995): How computers were changing methods for city understanding How computers changed structure and dynamics of cities.

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Hypermaps Coordinate accessed documents (Laurini, 2000)

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Lillehammer’s Electronic municipal master plancorner Use of a movable window to pan in the land use plan

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Connections Sensors (Open) Data Governance, regulation Smart cities: the pillars (Murgante and Borruso, 2013)

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Open Data Classification proposed by Tim Berners-Lee

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST “Data is the new oil. It’s valuable, but if unrefined it cannot really be used. It has to be changed into gas, plastic, chemicals, etc to create a valuable entity that drives profitable activity; so must data be broken down, analyzed for it to have value” Clive Humby 2006 "the paradox of the great civilization change consists in the fact that we have practically unlimited access to information and data and yet we are nearly unable to use it in any way". Manuel Castels 2009 Models are the new gold Prediction Is Very Difficult, Especially About the Future" (Niels Bohr)

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Dan Ariely Big data: What is it?

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Michael Goodchild • Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) • Citizens as Voluntary Sensors

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Matera and OpenStreetMap

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Potenza and OpenStreetMap 07/01/2015 30/05/2015 Scorza F., Las Casas G., Murgante B., Amato F., (2019) "City Dashboards for Urban Planning" Journal of Urban Technology

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Scorza F., Las Casas G., Murgante B., Amato F., (2019) "City Dashboards for Urban Planning" Journal of Urban Technology

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST http://resultmaps.neis-one.org/osm-typhoon-haiyan-2013- contributors http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/nov/15/online-volunteers-map-philippines- after-typhoon-haiyan

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST http://faculty.washington.edu/kstarbi/TtT_Hurricane_Map_byEvent.html

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST http://http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~starbird/TtT_Irene_map_byEvent.html

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Murgante B. (2012) Wiki-Planning: The Experience of Basento Park In Potenza (Italy)” In Borruso G., Bertazzon S., Favretto A. Murgante B., Torre C. (eds.) “Geographic Information Analysis for Sustainable Development and Economic Planning: New Technologies” pp. 345-359. Information Science Reference IGI Global, Hershey, PA DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-1924- 1.ch023.

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Murgante B. (2012) Wiki-Planning: The Experience of Basento Park In Potenza (Italy)” In Borruso G., Bertazzon S., Favretto A. Murgante B., Torre C. (eds.) “Geographic Information Analysis for Sustainable Development and Economic Planning: New Technologies” pp. 345-359. Information Science Reference IGI Global, Hershey, PA DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-1924- 1.ch023. 1. economically active population does not have enough time to attend meetings, consequently only children and elderly people's opinions are collected; 2. people consider physical participation as a waste of time, because the final decision will be taken by technicians and politicians; 3. often the participatory phase begins when decisions have already been taken, just to build consensus about the choice; 4. people may be inhibited in speaking in public; 5. in a public meeting citizens not always have an immediate idea or a ready answer; 6. often the person who screams is right; 7. screams are often instrumental to boycott new ideas.

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST David Estlund Hobbits Hooligans Vulcans

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST 66405 inhabitants 11.713 signatures 17,6%

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Amato F., Botonico G., Graziadei A., Sassano G., Murgante B., Scorza F. ”Innovation, technologies, Participation” International Journal of Electronic Governance 11(1):1 2019 DOI:10.1504/IJEG.2019.10018374

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Walk, Count, Map, Draw, look for traces, Photograph, annotate on a diary Amato F., Botonico G., Graziadei A., Sassano G., Murgante B., Scorza F. ”Innovation, technologies, Participation” International Journal of Electronic Governance 11(1):1 2019 DOI:10.1504/IJEG.2019.10018374

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST 1. WALKABILITY 2. GREEN AREAS 3. ACTIVITIES AND USE OF SPACE Amato F., Botonico G., Graziadei A., Sassano G., Murgante B., Scorza F. ”Innovation, technologies, Participation” International Journal of Electronic Governance 11(1):1 2019 DOI:10.1504/IJEG.2019.10018374

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST WALKABILITY: walkability is a measure of how friendly an area is to walking pedestrian network: sidewalks, porticoes, footpaths, flight of steps, road crossings, discontinuity and not accessibility, Maintenance and conditions, interruptions of the sidewalks

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Amato F., Botonico G., Graziadei A., Sassano G., Murgante B., Scorza F. ”Innovation, technologies, Participation” International Journal of Electronic Governance 11(1):1 2019

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Henri Cartier- Bresson - Bridge near Potenza, Basilicata, Italia 1973

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST ! !

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST ! !

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Energy village in Calvello

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST In order to understand cities we must view them not simply as places in space but as systems of networks and flows. To understand space we must understand flows, and to understand flows, we must understand networks—the relations between objects that compose the system of the city. Complexity sciences, social physics, urban economics, transportation theory, regional science, and urban geography, can support theories and methods that reveal the deep structure of how cities function.

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Real-time traffic monitoring system Open Data Buildings able to produce energy Promote the birth of new Startups

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Means of transport used by population for going to workplace ISPRA elaboration on ISTAT data

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST Means of transport used by population for going to school. ISPRA elaboration on ISTAT data

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST The analysis of urban street network in Potenza Municipality in order to provide input for a sustainable urban mobility-based strategy enabling students to reach schools through the use of low-carbon transport modes’ share Identification of a network of paths able to guarantee pedestrian and bicycle access to schools Place Syntax Analysis (PSA)

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST includes theoretical principles of the Space Syntax Analysis, a set of techniques for the representation, quantification and interpretation of spatial configuration in buildings and settlements Place Syntax Analysis (PSA) It combines Space Syntax Analysis and GIS-Analysis, within urban space. It allows to perform analyzes of spatial configuration of streets taking into account both street network layout and the location of spatial opportunities. is based on the concept of “place”. The PSA allows “to ‘load’ geographical data for improved predictions of pedestrian movement within space syntax” and to create “more interestingly, an improved tool for accessibility analysis in general” (Ståhle et al., 2005).

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST The outputs of the AB network centrality analysis depend on the attractiveness of urban destinations (based on their attributes), the number and location of attractions and street network layout (spatial input data). Place Syntax Analysis (PSA) Attraction Betweenness (AB) It is a street network’s centrality measure; It calculates how often a space unit (street segment) falls on the shortest path between all pairs of spatial units in a system (the potential “through- movement”). njk[i] is the subset of paths which pass through i, with nodes j and k falling within the network radius r from the node I; njk is the number of shortest paths from j to k in graph G; W[j] is the weight/attribute characterizing the destination-node j

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST primary schools, secondary schools, high schools. Schools are the “attraction points” Schools have been weighed up taking into account the number of the students. Place Syntax Analysis (PSA) To obtain a network graph representation from the segment lines, where every street segment is a node and every crossing point provides an edge

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST 47 schools with a total number of students equal to 13,232; the highest number of students in a school is 1,067 (an high school); 80% of schools have less than 435 students; about 4% of them have more than 800 students; Most of the schools are located North- West of the Historic Centre (a) of Potenza in "Poggio Tre Galli” district (b)

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST We set a threshold radius of 1,500m as "walking distance" to perform an analysis of the street network compatible with walking; The spatial network analysis shows the most chosen paths in dark blue and the least chosen paths in white; The thematic map shows how most of the schools are connected by street segments with a high AB value.

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST By increasing the radius distance (from 1,500m to 3,000m), the network analysis shows the most convenient routes for bicycles and other small electric vehicles; Identification of a ring characterized by the street segments with the highest AB values, connecting most of the schools in the urban area of the city of Potenza.

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Beniamino Murgante -Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities Department of Community and Regional Planning Smart Cities course - Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 2021 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST A hierarchy of “walkable” and ”cyclable” centralities emerges; The streets with the highest AB values are located near a very important railway interchange between the national (RFI) and interregional (FAL) railway lines.

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Beniamino Murgante School ofEngineering, University of Basilicata beniamino.murgante@unibas.it http://oldwww.unibas.it/utenti/murgante/Benny.html https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Beniamino_Murgante Thank you for the attention Smart Cities course Professor Alenka Poplin February 10 @ 1:10 pm - 2:30 pm CST

Smart Cities: New Science for the Cities

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