1. What is an instructional video?
• Telling a story with moving pictures and sound for
instructional purposes
• Serves an instructional or informational purpose directed
towards a target audience for specific goal and objectives
• Content is prepared and organized to optimize the target
video presentation format (NTSC video, streaming
video, etc.)

2. Instructional Video Examples
 How Cast Videos
 http://www.howcast.com/videos/457270-How-to-Play-Notes-
on-a-Harmonica
 http://www.howcast.com/videos/494721-Coffee-Talk-How-to-
Make-Espresso-Grinding-in-the-Doser
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtYgmDEddug
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CN7ehPQwVSU
 Instructions on video classrooms – IDT student

3. Advantages to using video
• Can show processes, procedures, events, social interactions, emotional impact
• Manipulation of time and space for shifting duration and view
• Can use audio, text, diagrams, animation, pictures, and motion to communicate
(multiple learning styles - Gardner)
• As humans, we respond attentively to motion and movement and process the
information somewhat separately from sound
• In our culture, we have become accustomed to video communication as a form of
instruction and information transfer
• Can convey emotions and social interaction
• Can be used to model behavior
• A form of human storytelling that became refined in the last century
• Can quickly capture attention (ARCS – Keller)

4. Disadvantages to Video
• Can be expensive to produce high quality video
• Hard to find good actors (talent)
• Requires investment in hardware and software for high
quality video
• Takes time to develop, shoot, edit, distribute
• May not be appropriate for abstract concepts and text-
intensive content
• Not inherently two-way interactive
• By itself, can be linear and preset (not branching multimedia)
• Can be misinterpreted, especially humor

5. The video production timeline
• Development
• Finance (internal or external)
• Treatment
• Script
• Storyboards
• Preproduction
• Breakdown
• Schedule
• Budget
• Crewing
• Location
• Art Direction
• Rehearsals

6. The video production timeline
• Production
• Setup of location
• Lighting
• Getting talent ready (make-up, wardrobe, blocking)
• Sound check
• Pick-up shots
• Postproduction
• Log and capture material
• Organize clips
• Sync sound and video
• Edit fine cut
• Add titles, transitions, filters, motion, music
• Render to desired output format
• Compress
• Release and distribute copies

7. Getting to know your camera
 Read Manual
 Record different scenes to understand features
 Learn to control focus, aperture, shutter
speed, zoom, mic, backlighting, etc.

8. Basic Camera Shots
 Extreme Wide Shot (EWS) – Full zoom out with
distance
 Wide shot (WS) – Full zoom out
 Medium shot (MS) – Head to Waist
 Medium Close-up (MCU) – Head to Chest
 Close-up shot (CU) – Head to Neck
 Extreme Close-up shot (XCU) - Eyes

9. Basic Camera Shots
EWS
MCU
WS CU
MS ECU

10. Basic Camera Movements
 Pan - camera pivots, pan left or pan right, from a
stationary position. Best to pan slow & smooth, then come
to rest on a spot.
 Truck – camera physical trucks left or right, usually parallel
to a moving subject.
 Tilt – vertical version of a pan; tilt up or down.

11. Basic Camera Movements
 Zoom – Changing focal length to zoom in or zoom out. Should be
done slowly and used sparingly to look professional.
Dolly – physically move camera, dolly in or dolly out. Not same as
zoom.
 Dolling changes apparent relationship of the object to its
background.
 Zooming maintains a consistent focal length (subject to
lens), changes depth of field, not object to background relation.