insect pest of coffee entomology

1. PrB

2. Kingdom plantae
Genus coffea
Family Rubiaceae
Species: Coffea Arabica, C.canifora
Introduction:
 Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) which is thought to have originated in
Ethiopia
 Ethiopia contributes total of 7 to 10% coffee induction to the
world
 Garden coffee is cultivated and produced in the home gardens of
small-scale subsistence farmers
 It is a low input-output crop in the southern and southeastern parts
of the Ethiopia
 Intercropped with a variety of fruit, root and cereal crops.

3.  103 species of Coffea and seven infraspecific taxa have been
recognized worldwide
 Coffee (Coffea arabica L. and C. canephora is the world
most valuable tropical export crop
 Arabica coffee offers superior cup quality and aroma
compared with Robusta which commonly owns a more
aggressive flavor
 Flat popcorn-like aroma(approximately 70% of global
coffee market)
 C. arabica prices have increased by 160% during the past
year due to low production

4.  Coffee production is constrained by copious
factors(both biotic and abiotic)
 Including losses due to damage by pests and
diseases
 Poor management practices
 Soil by pests and diseases
 Climate change
 Small farm size
 Lowest-ever world market prices
 Due to increasing temperature and consequent
damages among other reasons

5.  Pest :A destructive insect or other animal that
attacks on crops,foods,livestock etc.
Two types
 Major pests
 Minor pests

6.  Major pests cause sucking of green coffee berries,
flower buds and growing tips
 After sucking berries it blackens the flowers, flower
buds
 Causes fall of immature berries
 shortening of internodes
These are following:
 White stem borer
 Red borer
 Shot stem borer
 Berry borer
 Green scale

7.  Green coffee scale (Coccus viridis) is a common and
serious problem
 Scales suck the plant sap resulting in reduced growth
and crop yield
 Sooty mould (a black, loose, sooty-like cover)
develops on leaves
 It grows on the sweet exudate from scales
Symptoms:
 Green oval shaped scales about 2 to 3 mm long
Infestations then produce spots of black sooty mould.
 Defoliation of badly affected trees can occur.

8.  Preventative by natural predators of coffee scale
such as wasps, ladybugs and Verticillium fungus
 Chemical: Mineral spraying oils at 200 ml/ 20 L
water applied as spray
 The spray must completely
wet and cover the scales
 Fig : Green coffee scale

9.  The adult has white and black spotted wings
 The red coloured larvae tunnel through the coffee branches
in the upper part of the coffee trees
 Branches and the top part of the main stem easily break off
but the tree usually survives
 Fig1: Red stemborer Fig2: Damage by red stemborer

10.  Serpentine leaf miner was very common affecting young
leaf which outbreaks every year after the onset of short rain
 They leaving irregular lace-like patches by feeding on
midrib of leaf
 Black soft bodied found in cluster on tips of (soft shoots,
flower, flower buds and leaf) can cause premature fall of
young green berries
They include following:
 Mealybuggs
 Bees
 Aphids

11.  Aphids (Toxoptera aurantii) can occur in large
numbers on new shoots in the rainy season
 Aphids cause damage by sucking sap from young
shoots
Symptoms:
 Large numbers of small black aphids (2 to 3 mm
long) concentrated on new growth
 Black sooty mould

12.  Generally not warranted.
Chemical:
 Neem oil 10 to 20 ml/L, plus soft, finely
grated laundry soap at about 7 g/L water

13.  Mealybuggs are small sucking insects (about
3 mm long) that feed on young shoots and
young roots
 There several species similar in appearance
to the naked eye
 Cause more problem in the dry season
Symptoms:
 White waxy colonies are usually found on the
underside of tender leaves
 In soft stem areas around berries

14. Biological:
 The most important predator is the mealybugg
ladybird
 A parasitic wasp is also very effective
 Lacewings are also predators of mealybugg
Chemical:
 Spray Chloropyrifos on the soil around the tree to
kill

15.  There are several field diseases and disorders affecting
leaves and berries, Diseases include:
 Cercospora leaf spot (all ages of coffee)
 Coffee leaf rust (all ages but more on bearing coffee);
 Black sooty mould (all ages)
 Anthracnose (more prevalent on bearing coffee).
 The severe disorder, overbearing dieback, occurs on
bearing coffee

16.  This occurs on the leaf but can also occur on berries
where it is known as berry blotch
 Symptoms
 Brown spots on leaves gradually expanding with
reddish brown margin
 Spots on both sides of the leaf
 Brown sunken lesion on green berries surrounded by a
bright red ring (berry blotch)

17. Causes
 Low leaf nitrogen and potassium. Insufficient shade.
 Stress from drought, sun exposure, poor fertiliser
management, excessive weed competition. 12
Preventative
 Maintain well-fertilised plants with 50% shade cover
Chemical
 Should not be needed with good management.Copper
sprays will give control in severe cases on isolated plants.

18.  Anthracnose is a minor flower, twig and cherry disease.
It can cause three different coffee diseases twig
dieback, brown blight of ripening cherries and leaf
necrosis
 Symptoms
 Twig dieback ,yellowing and blight of affected leaves.
Twigs wilt, defoliate and die at the tips
 Brown blight , brown sunken lesions on fully
developed cherries which turn black and hard
 Leaf necrosis , round brown necrotic spots up to 25 mm
diameter. Worse on sun-burnt or injured leaves

19.  Maintain healthy coffee plants
 Other control measures are not warranted
 Fig.Brown blight

20.  Berhanu M, Getachew W, Derese T (2013).
Knowledge and attitude of small holder coffee
producing farmers to coffee quality:Ethiop. Sky J.
Agric. Res. 3(7):98-106.
 Fekadu G*, Melesse M, and Girmaye B.prevalence
and impactof coffepests:International journal of
biodiversity and conversation.deparment of
biology.vol.8(10) ,2016.
 https://www.researchgate.net;publication;28723
7013_coffee_pests_disease.