The document provides an overview of national innovation systems (NIS) and their critical components, defining them as networks of institutions that facilitate the creation, diffusion, and utilization of new technologies. It highlights the essential activities and actors involved in innovation, including the roles of government, universities, and private sector associations in supporting sectoral innovation systems (SSI). Additionally, it discusses the interrelations between technological innovation systems and multi-level frameworks to enhance understanding of innovation dynamics.

1. INNOVATION SYSTEMS
Thanakrit Lersmethasakul
Lersmethasakul@live.com

2. National Innovation Systems Overview and Country Cases
Stephen Feinson
Center for Science, Policy, and Outcomes (2003).
Definition of National Innovation Systems
“ .. the network of institutions in the public and private sectors whose activities and interactions
initiate, import, modify and diffuse new technologies.” (Freeman, 1987)
“ .. the elements and relationships which interact in the production, diffusion and use of new, and
economically useful, knowledge ... and are either located within or rooted inside the borders of a
nation state.” (Lundvall, 1992)
“... a set of institutions whose interactions determine the innovative performance ... of national firms.”
(Nelson, 1993)
“ .. the national institutions, their incentive structures and their competencies, that determine the rate
and direction of technological learning (or the volume and composition of change generating
activities) in a country.” (Patel and Pavitt, 1994)
“.. that set of distinct institutions which jointly and individually contribute to the development and
diffusion of new technologies and which provides the framework within which governments form and
implement policies to influence the innovation process. As such it is a system of interconnected
institutions to create, store and transfer the knowledge, skills and artefacts which define new
technologies.” (Metcalfe, 1995)

3. National Innovation Systems Overview and Country Cases
Stephen Feinson
Center for Science, Policy, and Outcomes (2003).

4. National Innovation Systems Overview and Country Cases
Stephen Feinson
Center for Science, Policy, and Outcomes (2003).
Activities and functions within NIS for producing, diffusing and
using innovations.
- To create human capital.
- To create and diffuse technological opportunities.
- To create and diffuse products.
- To incubate in order to provide facilities, equipment, and administrative
support.
- To facilitate regulation for technologies, materials, and products that may
enlarge the market and enhance market access.
- To legitimize technology and firms.
- To create markets and diffuse market knowledge.
- To enhance networking.
- To direct technology, market, and partner research.
- To facilitate financing.
- To create a labor market that can be utilized.

5. National Innovation Systems Overview and Country Cases
Stephen Feinson
Center for Science, Policy, and Outcomes (2003).
Actors and linkages in the innovation system

6. National Innovation Systems Overview and Country Cases
Stephen Feinson
Center for Science, Policy, and Outcomes (2003).

7. National Innovation Systems Overview and Country Cases
Stephen Feinson
Center for Science, Policy, and Outcomes (2003).

8. Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective:
Towards an integrated framework
Jochen Markard, Bernhard Truffer
ScienceDirect, Research Policy 37 (2008).
- Technological innovation systems and the multi-level framework are closely related
concepts for the study of far-reaching technological change.
- This research tries to combines the strengths of the two approaches and allows
providing a better understanding of radical innovation processes and socio-technical
transformations.
- The multi-level framework conceives technological transitions as interactive processes
of change at the micro-level of niches and the meso-level of socio-technical regimes
both embedded in a broader landscape of factors at the macro-level.
- The analytical focus is the technological systems concept which compare and contrast
with a general conceptualization of innovation systems and sectoral systems of
innovation and production.
- This research interpret both the TS and the SSI concept in a way that they include an
innovation part that creates, diffuses and uses new products (or technologies) and a
production part, which is ‘responsible’ for the established products (or technologies).

9. Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective:
Towards an integrated framework
Jochen Markard, Bernhard Truffer
ScienceDirect, Research Policy 37 (2008).
Potential relationship between national (NSI) and sectoral (SSI)
systems of innovation and a technological system (TS).

10. Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective:
Towards an integrated framework
Jochen Markard, Bernhard Truffer
ScienceDirect, Research Policy 37 (2008).

11. Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective:
Towards an integrated framework
Jochen Markard, Bernhard Truffer
ScienceDirect, Research Policy 37 (2008).

12. Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective:
Towards an integrated framework
Jochen Markard, Bernhard Truffer
ScienceDirect, Research Policy 37 (2008).
The multi-level framework explains technological transitions by the interplay of processes
at three different levels … the socio-technical regime, niches and landscape.

13. Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective:
Towards an integrated framework
Jochen Markard, Bernhard Truffer
ScienceDirect, Research Policy 37 (2008).
Interrelation between technological systems (TS),
sectoral systems of innovation (SSI) and the multi-level framework

14. Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective:
Towards an integrated framework
Jochen Markard, Bernhard Truffer
ScienceDirect, Research Policy 37 (2008).
Technological innovation system and interactions with
the conceptual elements of the multi-level framework.

15. Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological
innovation systems: A scheme of analysis
Anna Bergek, Staffan Jacobsson, Bo Carlsson, Sven Lindmark and Annika Rickne
ScienceDirect, Research Policy 37 (2008).
- This paper presents a scheme of analysis to analyze specific innovation systems in
order to identify key policy issues and set policy goals.
The scheme of analysis (Bergek, et al., 2008).

16. Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological
innovation systems: A scheme of analysis
Anna Bergek, Staffan Jacobsson, Bo Carlsson, Sven Lindmark and Annika Rickne
ScienceDirect, Research Policy 37 (2008).
Inducement and blocking mechanisms as well as policy issues in the case of “IT in home care”

17. Implications of Technology Management and Policy on
the Development of a Sectoral Innovation System:
Lessons Learned Through the Evolution of Thai Automotive Sector
Patarapong Intarakumnerd, Nathasit Gerdsri
International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, Vol. 11, No. 3 (2014).
There are key elements in a sectoral SSI: Firms in the sector, Other actors,
Networks, Demand, Institution, Knowledge base and Main processes and coevolution.
Potential linkages among key players in supporting
the development of sectoral innovation system.

18. Implications of Technology Management and Policy on
the Development of a Sectoral Innovation System:
Lessons Learned Through the Evolution of Thai Automotive Sector
Patarapong Intarakumnerd, Nathasit Gerdsri
International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, Vol. 11, No. 3 (2014).
Roles and capabilities of key actors
Structure of sectoral innovation system supporting the automotive industry in Thailand.

19. Implications of Technology Management and Policy on
the Development of a Sectoral Innovation System:
Lessons Learned Through the Evolution of Thai Automotive Sector
Patarapong Intarakumnerd, Nathasit Gerdsri
International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, Vol. 11, No. 3 (2014).
Roles and capabilities of key actors
1. Key actors
1.1 Carmakers and auto-parts suppliers
Group 1: Automotive Assemblers
18 assemblers (subsidiaries of TNCs or joint ventures)
Group 2: Direct Suppliers or OEM Suppliers (Tier-1)
648 auto-part manufacturers (458 auto-part for car, 190 auto-part
for motorcycle)
Group 3: Indirect Suppliers or Raw Material Suppliers (Tier-2/3)
1641 indirect suppliers (raw material suppliers for the tier-1
suppliers, and subcontractors of the tier-1 suppliers)
1.2 Government: Policy and sector-specific promotion agency
Thailand Automotive Institute (TAI) (operates under the Industry
Development Foundation set up by the Ministry of Industry)

20. Implications of Technology Management and Policy on
the Development of a Sectoral Innovation System:
Lessons Learned Through the Evolution of Thai Automotive Sector
Patarapong Intarakumnerd, Nathasit Gerdsri
International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, Vol. 11, No. 3 (2014).
Roles and capabilities of key actors
1.3 Universities and research institutes
Universities: Chulalongkorn University, King Mongkut's Institute of
Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi
(KMUTT), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB) and
Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology (TNI)
Research institutes: NSTDA
1.4 Private-sector industrial associations and technology promotion agency
Federal Thai Industries (FTI)
- Thai Auto-Parts Manufacturers Association (TAPMA): 528 companies
(from tier-3 to tier-1) on its membership list
- Technology Promotion Association (Thailand-Japan) or TPA

21. Implications of Technology Management and Policy on
the Development of a Sectoral Innovation System:
Lessons Learned Through the Evolution of Thai Automotive Sector
Patarapong Intarakumnerd, Nathasit Gerdsri
International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, Vol. 11, No. 3 (2014).
Roles and capabilities of key actors
2. Roles of key drivers
2.1 Carmakers and auto-parts suppliers
- Production
- Disseminating technology
2.2 Government
- Policy and promotion
2.3 Universities and research institutes
- Generating basic knowledge
- Providing education
2.4 Associations and promotion agency
- Central voice to protect, support and develop industry
- Promoting knowledge
- Disseminating technology

22. Implications of Technology Management and Policy on
the Development of a Sectoral Innovation System:
Lessons Learned Through the Evolution of Thai Automotive Sector
Patarapong Intarakumnerd, Nathasit Gerdsri
International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, Vol. 11, No. 3 (2014).
Linkages and interactions
1. Carmakers - Auto-parts suppliers
- Transferring technology
- Technology licensing contract
- ShareholdIng
2. University – Industry
- Curriculum development
- Joint programs
- Student internships
- Co-research projects
3. Firms - Government agencies
- Human resource development