The document discusses the difference between innate and adaptive (acquired) immunity. Innate immunity is non-specific and present since birth, providing a first-line defense against pathogens. Adaptive immunity develops over time through exposure to pathogens and provides long-term, antigen-specific protection through the actions of B and T lymphocytes. While innate immunity acts immediately, adaptive immunity requires more time to respond specifically to pathogens and develop immunological memory.

1. Innate vs. acquired immune response
Humaira khan
Biology world

2. BASIC TERMS
IMMUNOLOGY:
 Immunology is a branch of biology that covers the study of
immune systems in all organisms.
IMMUNITY:
 Immunity is the ability of an organism to resist infections by
pathogens.
IMMUNE SYSTEM:
 The array of cells, tissue and organs which carry out this activity
is called immune system

3. IMMUNITY
Immunity is divided into two categories:

4. INNATE IMMUNITY
 Present since birth
 Operates almost any foreign molecules and pathogens.
 First-line of defence.
 Non-specific.
 Does not rely on previous exposure.
 Does not have memory.
 Consists of physical, chemical and cellular defence
against pathogens.

5. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
 The second line of defence against non-self pathogens is
called adaptive immune system.
 known as specific or acquired immunity.
 Adaptive immunity display four characteristics:
a. ANTIGENIC SPECIFICITY:
b. IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY
c. DIVERSITY
d. SELF/NON-SLEF RECOGNITION

6. TYPES OF ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
Induced by
natural exposure
to a pathogen
(natural) or by
vaccination
(artificial)
Transfer of
antibodies or
immune cells from
an immune to a
non-immune
individual is known
as passive
immunity

7. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INNATE AND
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
ADAPTIVE
(SPECIFIC)
FIRST LINE
DEFENCE
IMMEDIATE
RESPONSE
(0-96 HOURS)
NK cells,
macrophages,
neutrophils,
dendritic cells, mast
cells, basophils,
eosinophils
INDEPENDENT
LIST OF
DEFENSE
TIMELINE CELLS ANTIGEN
DEPENDENCY
INNATE
(NON-
SPECIFIC)
SECOND LINE OF
DEFENCE
LONG TERM
(>90 HOURS) T and B
Lymphocytes
DEPENDENT