The document discusses innate immune system recognition through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). It describes the major components of innate immunity including anatomical barriers, cells, and soluble proteins. It then focuses on PRRs, classifying them into membrane-bound PRRs (Toll-like receptors and C-type lectin receptors) and cytoplasmic PRRs (NOD-like receptors and RIG-I-like receptors). The document outlines the roles of these receptors in pathogen recognition through detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and in activating inflammatory signaling pathways.
innate immunity- first line of defence
physical barriers, cellular components, inflamation, anatomical barriers, skin, mucuos, mucous membranes.
for more refer to www.faunafondness.com
innate immunity- first line of defence
physical barriers, cellular components, inflamation, anatomical barriers, skin, mucuos, mucous membranes.
for more refer to www.faunafondness.com
Mechanisms of innate immunity in invertebrates (hemocytes)Abhijeet2509
Provides an overview of the mechanism of innate immunity in invertebrates, particularly insects. Types of hemocytes present in insects and their roles in innate immunity.
As a periodontist, I have included the basics of immunity from the periodontist point of view that will help in understanding the immunological basis of periodontal disease...
Immunity is the ability of the body to defend itself against disease-causing organisms.
The immune system refers to a collection of cells, chemicals and processes that function to protect the body from foreign antigens, such as microbes (organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and parasites), viruses, cancer cells, and toxins.
The structural and chemical barriers which protect us from infection, the immune system can be classified into two “lines of defense”: innate immunity and adaptive immunity
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single-spanning receptors usually expressed on sentinel cells such as macrophages and that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). PAMPs are molecular structures associated with pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that are recognized by the innate immune system. DAMPs are molecules that are released into the extracellular space when cells are injured or damaged. TLRs play a crucial role in the recognition of PAMPs and DAMPs and the initiation of immune responses, such as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons, and other molecules that enhance the immune response. TLRs are a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Upon recognition of their specific ligands, TLRs initiate downstream signaling cascades, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory and antiviral factors and the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules, promoting the maturation of antigen-presenting cells and linking innate immunity to adaptive immunity. TLRs are widely distributed in both immune and other body cells and are a critical target for the development of immunotherapies and vaccines. Further research is needed to fully understand the .mechanisms underlying TLR signaling and its potential applications in the field of immunology.Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems. TLRs are expressed on all innate immune cells and a large majority of non-hematopoietic cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and epithelial cells. Importantly, TLRs can also be detected on adaptive immune cells, including T and B cells. Adaptive immunity consists of humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, which are mainly mediated by B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, respectively. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by TLRs, downstream signaling cascades are initiated, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and INF-α, and the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules, promoting the maturation of antigen-presenting cells and linking innate immunity to adaptive immunity. TLR signaling is also being studied for its direct regulatory roles in effector T cells and regulatory T cells, as well as its involvement in various diseases, including infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, and cancer.
Mechanisms of innate immunity in invertebrates (hemocytes)Abhijeet2509
Provides an overview of the mechanism of innate immunity in invertebrates, particularly insects. Types of hemocytes present in insects and their roles in innate immunity.
As a periodontist, I have included the basics of immunity from the periodontist point of view that will help in understanding the immunological basis of periodontal disease...
Immunity is the ability of the body to defend itself against disease-causing organisms.
The immune system refers to a collection of cells, chemicals and processes that function to protect the body from foreign antigens, such as microbes (organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and parasites), viruses, cancer cells, and toxins.
The structural and chemical barriers which protect us from infection, the immune system can be classified into two “lines of defense”: innate immunity and adaptive immunity
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single-spanning receptors usually expressed on sentinel cells such as macrophages and that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). PAMPs are molecular structures associated with pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that are recognized by the innate immune system. DAMPs are molecules that are released into the extracellular space when cells are injured or damaged. TLRs play a crucial role in the recognition of PAMPs and DAMPs and the initiation of immune responses, such as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons, and other molecules that enhance the immune response. TLRs are a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Upon recognition of their specific ligands, TLRs initiate downstream signaling cascades, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory and antiviral factors and the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules, promoting the maturation of antigen-presenting cells and linking innate immunity to adaptive immunity. TLRs are widely distributed in both immune and other body cells and are a critical target for the development of immunotherapies and vaccines. Further research is needed to fully understand the .mechanisms underlying TLR signaling and its potential applications in the field of immunology.Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems. TLRs are expressed on all innate immune cells and a large majority of non-hematopoietic cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and epithelial cells. Importantly, TLRs can also be detected on adaptive immune cells, including T and B cells. Adaptive immunity consists of humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, which are mainly mediated by B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, respectively. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by TLRs, downstream signaling cascades are initiated, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and INF-α, and the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules, promoting the maturation of antigen-presenting cells and linking innate immunity to adaptive immunity. TLR signaling is also being studied for its direct regulatory roles in effector T cells and regulatory T cells, as well as its involvement in various diseases, including infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, and cancer.
This presentation answers the following questions!!
How Immune Cells communicate with each other?
Receptors of Immune System?
Receptors of Innate Immune System?
What are PRRS?
What are PAMPS?
What are DAMPS?
What is the structure of PRRS?
What is the mechanism of PRRS?
What are the types of PRRS?
What is the role of PRRS in Immunology?
Evaluation and importance of innate & adaptive immunity Dr. ihsan edan ab...dr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Introduction
History
Types of immunity
Tissues of immunity
Cells of immunity
Basic aspects of immunology
Major histocompatibility complex
Cytokines
Disorders of immune system
Immune responses in periodontal pathogenesis
Periodontal vaccine
Host modulation
Conclusion
References
immunity with cells and organs of the immune system. an insight on the mechanism of antigen presentation to the immune system and a little introduction to organ transplant.google and slideshare helped a lot in making this presentation
This is a powerpoint presentation on the Topic of Diseases of the immune system, part 1 - Chapter 6, based on Robbin's textbook of pathology. Prepared by Dr. Ashish Jawarkar, who is Assistant professor at Parul institute of medical sciences and research, Vadodara. Please subscribe to our youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwjkzK-YnJ-ra4HMOqq3Fkw . Our facebook page: facebook.com/pathologybasics. Instagram handle @pathologybasics
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About the Speaker
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Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
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This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
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Eureka, I found it! - Special Libraries Association 2021 Presentation
Innate immune system recognition receptors & inflammasomes activation
1. Innate Immune System Recognition
Receptors & Inflammasomes
Activation
Presented By : Hareem Batool
&
Tooba Khalid
Presented to : Dr. Sahar Malik
2. Inflammation & Factors
Inflammation :
• Inflammation is a protective response by the body to ensure removal
of detrimental stimuli, as well as a healing process for repairing
damaged tissue.
Factors:
• Inflammation is caused by various factors such as microbial
infection, tissue injury, and cardiac infarction. Classically,
inflammation is characterized by five symptoms: redness, swelling,
heat, pain, and loss of tissue function.
3. Innate Immune
• The innate immune system is the major contributor to acute
inflammation induced by microbial infection or tissue damage.
• adaptive immune response
4.
5. Innate Immune cells
• Although innate immune cells including macrophages and
dendrite cells (DCs) play important roles, nonprofessional
cells such as epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts
also contribute to innate immunity.
6. Function
• Essential function & major types of function
• initial response to microbes
• Major types of function:
• inflammation
• antiviral defense
8. Continue….
Anatomical barriers like physical and chemical:
• Physical barrier are skin , mucosal tissue , cilia
• Chemical are amps , Enzymes and Ph
Cell :
• Phagocytotic cells
• Dentrietic cells , NK cells
Soluble proteins:
• Chemokines and cytokines
• Proinflammatory cytokine are tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1,
and IL-
• Regulate cell death of inflammatory tissues.
9.
10. PRRs
• Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a critical role in the
detection of invading pathogens and subsequent activation of
the innate immune
• response. This response provides the defense against
infectious disease and is primarily
• mediated by phagocytotic, antigen-presenting cells such as
macrophages and dendritic cells.
11. Classification
• There are several subgroups of PRRs. They are classified according
to their ligand specificity, function, localization and/or evolutionary
relationships. Based on their localization, PRRs may be divided into
membrane-bound PRRs and cytoplasm PRRs.
1. Membrane-bound PRRs include Toll like receptors (TLRs) and C-
type lection receptors (CLRs).
2. Cytoplasm PRRs include NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and RIG-I-like
receptors (RLRs).
12. Types of effectors involve in pathogen
recognition:
• DAMPs
• TLRs
• TLRs
• RLRs
• NLRs
• IFNs
13. PAMPS & DAMPS
• Innate immune system recognizes PAMPS pathogen
associated molecular pattern it is produced by microbes.
• DAMPS damage associated pattern
14. Principles of PRRS
1. Osponization
2. Activation of complement
3. Phagocytosis
4. activation of proinflammatory signaling Pathways
5. induction of apoptosis
15. TRLs
• TLRS :
• TRL 1-9 in humans and mouse
• TLR 10 in Human
• TLR 11 mouse
16.
17. NLRS
• NLRs are intracellular sensors of PAMPs that enter the cell via
phagocytosis
• It includes
• NOD1 and NOD2
• NOD1 and NOD2 recognize peptidoglycan motifs from
bacterial cell
• NOD or NLRS includes 23 members
18. CLRS
• Plasma membrane receptors
• Monocytes , macrophages & Dendritic cells
• In human 15 CLR function as PRRS
19.
20. RLRS
• RLR recognizes separate viral patterns; a deficiency of one
type of RLR leads to a lack of cytokine production in response
to a particular type of virus
• It includes
• RIG-1 and MDA-5 both recognizes different virus like
reovirus and dengue virus
