The document provides an introduction to making physical observations and documenting stratigraphic sequences from sediment cores. It discusses the importance of studying lake sediments as archives of environmental and climate change over various timescales. Key points covered include developing standardized approaches to describing sediment textures, structures, and facies; using tools like magnetic susceptibility, x-rays, and image analysis to aid analysis; and asking scientific questions to drive the analysis of cores and development of paleoclimate proxies.
Greening of the Arctic: An IPY initiative
1-Rationale and overview of the GOA initiative.
2-North American Arctic Transect.
3-Yamal Russia Transect.
4-Circumpolar analysis of 28-year trends of sea-ice concentration, land-surface temperatures and greening patterns
Greening of the Arctic: An IPY initiative
1-Rationale and overview of the GOA initiative.
2-North American Arctic Transect.
3-Yamal Russia Transect.
4-Circumpolar analysis of 28-year trends of sea-ice concentration, land-surface temperatures and greening patterns
The North America and Eurasia Arctic transects: Edie Barbour
Walker, D.A., Kuss, H.P., Kopecky, M., Frost, G.V., Kade, A., Vonlanthen, C., Raynolds, M.K., and Epstein, H., 2011, The North America and Eurasia Artctic transects: Using phytosociology and remote sensing to detect vegetation pattern and change: Proceedings Euiropean Vegetation Survey, 20th Workshop, Rome, 6-9 April 2011,
Data mining and_visualization_of_earth_history_datasets_to_find_cause_effect_...Abdullah Khan Zehady
To know the future of our earth, we need to look back to the past and collect evidence and examine the geologic and biologic events. My projects with http://timescalecreator.org is our approach to analyze the largest publicly available earth historical data to test different hypothesis, to understand better about the past of our loving pale blue. Interestingly lots of the events under the surface of the earth or under the ocean show same periodic cycles that we see in the planetary motions in the solar system and even in the galaxy. Cyclostratigraphy is a field where we try to explore data from the rock or marine records and find possible orbital forcing. Everything is connected after all and we are star dusts !! ;)
A talk about the climate history of earth, and what may have effected it. Given as part of the exam in Climate Physics course at the University of Aarhus
The North America and Eurasia Arctic transects: Edie Barbour
Walker, D.A., Kuss, H.P., Kopecky, M., Frost, G.V., Kade, A., Vonlanthen, C., Raynolds, M.K., and Epstein, H., 2011, The North America and Eurasia Artctic transects: Using phytosociology and remote sensing to detect vegetation pattern and change: Proceedings Euiropean Vegetation Survey, 20th Workshop, Rome, 6-9 April 2011,
Data mining and_visualization_of_earth_history_datasets_to_find_cause_effect_...Abdullah Khan Zehady
To know the future of our earth, we need to look back to the past and collect evidence and examine the geologic and biologic events. My projects with http://timescalecreator.org is our approach to analyze the largest publicly available earth historical data to test different hypothesis, to understand better about the past of our loving pale blue. Interestingly lots of the events under the surface of the earth or under the ocean show same periodic cycles that we see in the planetary motions in the solar system and even in the galaxy. Cyclostratigraphy is a field where we try to explore data from the rock or marine records and find possible orbital forcing. Everything is connected after all and we are star dusts !! ;)
A talk about the climate history of earth, and what may have effected it. Given as part of the exam in Climate Physics course at the University of Aarhus
Sometimes it makes sense to involve yourself in a field where your competence is limited. I learned a lot by preparing this presentation to the CCAMLR symposium in Santiago in May 2015
Editorial - May 2014 - Special Issue jointly coordinated by Mercator Ocean and Coriolis
focusing on Ocean Observations
Greetings all,
Once a year and for the fi fth year in a raw, the Mercator Ocean Forecasting Center in Toulouse and the Coriolis Infrastructure in Brest publish a
common newsletter. Some papers are dedicated to observations only, when others display collaborations between the 2 aspects: Observations and
Modelling/Data assimilation.
The fi rst paper by Cabanes et al. introducing this issue is presenting a new methodology aiming at correcting Argo fl oat salinity measurements in
delayed time when Argo fl oats conductivity sensors are subject to drift and offset due to bio-fouling or other technical problems.
Then, Cravatte et al. are using the Argo arrays in order to compile Argo fl oats’ drifts and show that they are a very valuable tool allowing determining
the absolute velocity. They apply this to study zonal jets at 1000 meters depth in the Tropics.
In the next paper, Maes and O’Kane provide with some results indicating the impact of a sustained ocean observing Argo network on the ability to
resolve the seasonal cycle of salinity stratifi cation by contrasting periods pre- and post-Argo. They take into account the respective thermal and saline
dependencies in the Brunt-Väisälä frequency (N2) in order to isolate the specifi c role of the salinity stratifi cation in the layers above the main pycno-
cline.
Picheral et al. are telling us about the Tara Oceans voyage that took place on the schooner “Tara” from 2009 to 2013 and visited all oceans. The ship
was adapted for modern oceanography. Scientifi c instruments were mounted on a dedicated CTD frame and installed on an underway fl ow-through
system. Data were sent daily to Coriolis. Post cruise calibrations were performed leading to a high quality dataset.
Then, Roquet et al. demonstrate the importance of the contribution of hydrographic and biogeochemical data collected by Antarctic marine mammals,
and in particular elephant seals, equipped with a new generation of oceanographic tags, for the environmental monitoring of the Southern Ocean.
The last paper of the present issue is displaying the collaboration between the Ocean Observations and Ocean Modelling communities: Turpin et
al. perform several Observing System Experiments in order to assess the impact of Argo observations on the Mercator Océan global analysis and
forecasting system at ¼ degree resolution.
We wish you a pleasant reading,
Laurence Crosnier and Sylvie Pouliquen, Editors.
#50
Newsletter
QUARTERLY
The Tara Oceans voyage took place on the schooner “Tara” from 2009 to 2013 and visited all oceans to collect samples and data in order to study the relationships between ecosystem biodiversity and function and the physical-chemical oceanographic environ-
ment (water mass, transport) (cf Picheral et al. this issue).
Credits: Francois Aurat/Tara Expéditions; Marc Picheral/LOV
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
1. Initial Core Descriptions
Introduction to making
physical observations and
documenting a stratigraphic
sequence
On the Cutting Edge-Teaching Climate
Change: Lessons from the Past
June 25, 2014 Lake E Teachers Workshop also at
http://lrc.geo.umn.edu/laccore/assets/pdf/sops/icd.pdf
Julie Brigham-Grette
UMass- Amherst
2. Why study lakes
• Lakes found in a variety of
environments
• Dynamic environmental systems
• Integrate environmental and climatic
change on a variety of time scales
• They collect sediments, organic matter
in response to their surroundings
• Sediments produce a continuous
archive of change; layer upon layer,
they record of Earth’s natural
experiments in change.
3. Earth Scientists – Time lords!
Sediment cores allow one to
understand past change and
system dynamics and to use this
information to improve
predictions about the future!
www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho
Climate Today
Climate of Past
Climate Future
5. Learning Goals
• Concepts of the recent geologic record
– causality at a distance, cyclic causality, environmental
time delays
• How to describe sediments – standardized approach
to physical descriptions
– Photographic and written documentation
– Making observations and documenting those
observations in meaningful way
– Concept of particle size and sedimentary structures for
understanding depositional environments
– Facies model development
• Develop stratigraphic column, (Psicat)
• Quantitative image analysis (Image J)
6. Science Goals
Difference between weather and
climate (ave of > 3 decades)
Regional climate change vs global
climate change
8. Proxies of climate Modeling
and prediction of future change
today
Backintime
9. • Sedimentation rates and the geochronology of the core are
fundamental to understanding all of the physical properties and
quantifying the climate/environmental history. How can studies
of the sedimentology and sediment flux rates be used with other
proxies to best constrain the chronology?
• What are the hydrological, biological, and geochemical controls
on changes in sediment texture as they relate to changes in
climate?
• What are the lake processes and climatic conditions that produce
laminated, non-laminated and weakly laminated units throughout
the core?
Science questions should drive analysis
(ask students to develop their own)
10. ADD YOUR OWN QUESTIONS:
• How can the core stratigraphy be characterized into recognizable facies assemblages
related to changes in climate?
• What fundamental changes can we observe in the lake sedimentology .
• What processes cause these changes as they relate to climate history and landscape
change?
• Is there a fundamental change in the sediment properties and biogenic sedimentation
(or organic matter) with changes in land use, or external and internal forcing over
time?
• Characterization of primary controls on sediment character, flux rates and the
proportions of clastic vs. biogenic deposition
• Quantification of the relationship between sedimentology and climate change
(hydrology, lake ice cover history, terrestrial vs aquatic inputs etc.)
• Paleoclimate proxy development by comparisons between physical properties,
sedimentology, and scanned data sets.
11. Terms - learning the lingo
• Age resolution – years/cm
• Lithostratigraphy
– layering based on physical, lithic
properties and petrology
• Particle size/grain size
• Facies
– Sediments deposited in particular
environment or process ; a
vertical succession of facies
suggest lateral migration of the
depositional environment
• Laminae/varves
– Thin layers, if annual = varves
• Lets add more……..
Kurupa Lake core. Photo: Darrell Kaufman
15. Lake Sediment Core Processing Scheme
Example from ICDP Lake El‘gygytgyn Project
surface
cleaning
whole-core
magn. suscept.
(on site)
line scan pictures
with MSCL
susceptibility
and
color spectra
with SCLP3
1. line scan picture & surface relief
2. XRF light elements
with ITRAX core scanner
core description
manual
3. X-radiography
4. XRF heavy elements
with ITRAX core scanner
p-wave velocity
Gamma-ray density
magn. susceptibility
with MSCL
core archiving
LacCore Repository
Duluth, U.S.A.
core subsampling
16. Initial core scanning
• Magnetic susceptibility
• Line scan (continuous photography)
– Good digital camera can do!
• Gamma density
• Color Spectrometer
– L*a*b* parameters
– http://www.hunterlab.com/appnotes/an07_96a.pdf
• X-rays (use your local health clinic?)
• XRF scanning for major elements (ITRAX)
Geotek.co.uk
17. Filling out the
Barrel sheet –
what to look for,
what to describe
Texture (grain size)
Color (munsell scheme)
Unit thicknesses
nature of contacts
clast lithology
Compaction (stiffness)
sedimentary structures
organic content
fossils
Defining Facies
Making Smear slides
http://lrc.geo.umn.edu/laccor
e/assets/pdf/sops/sedclass_ba
sics.pdf
18. Sediment classification
• Macroscopic structure of the sediment –
– structures and textures (bedding features, texture, color)
• ID of major and minor components
– Eg. Clay, carbonate, peat, mud….)
1. Color + 2. Bedding + 3. Major Modifier + 4. Principal
Name + 5. Minor Constituents
e.g Dark reddish brown, massive, feldspathic clay with
carbonaceous debris and trace gastropod fragments
Schnurrenberger et al, 2003 at http://lrc.geo.umn.edu/laccore/assets/pdf/sops/sedclass.pdf
21. Smear Slides
Means of preparing a very thin
layer of unconsolidated material
embedded on a glass slide to
examine mineralogy, provenance,
grain shape, and identification of
microfossils, even tephras.
http://lrc.geo.umn.edu/laccore/assets/pdf/sops/smearslides.pdf
http://lrc.geo.umn.edu/laccore/assets/pdf/sops/smear_slide_basics.pdf
There is even a video tutorial !! AMY
ROCKS!https://tmi.laccore.umn.edu/tutorial/preparati
on
Vascular (terrestrial or aquatic)
organic matter
Quartz and/or feldspar, pitted and
stained with . . . something
22. Lake El’gygytgyn Facies – related to ice cover duration
Among other changes in lake system
Melles et al. 2010
Melles et al. 2012
Brigham-Grette et al. 2013
Glacial/cold warm Super warm
Objective is to define sediment facies
23. Paleolim 591L
Core Lithology-PG1351 Lake El’gygytgyn
Silty-Clastic Layer
Massive Grey Silty Clay Brownish-Grey Silty ClayOlive-Grey Laminae
Deposited under
anoxic conditions
i.e. Glacial-type
climate
Lithology
Depth(cm)
Unit
Olive-Grey
Silty Clay
Massive
Interglacial-type
sediments
UnitUnit
Sandy Layer
Depth: 385 cm
24. Transgressive – Regressive facies
With Lake level changes.
http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol342/lectures/16.html
26. From mud to seeing fine laminae
Gravity Core GC-K05-03 Svalbard REU
27.
28. 1 yr?
L Poppick, Bates
Xrays done at
Umass Health Center
Lake E Pliocene and xrays
29. PSICAT – simple software for
constructing stratigraphic columns
http://portal.chronos.org/psicat-site/
PSICAT, CHRONOS's Paleontological
Stratigraphic Interval Construction and
Analysis Tool, is a stand-alone Java
based graphical editing tool for creating
and viewing stratigraphic column
diagrams from drill cores and outcrops.
It is customized to the task of working
with stratigraphic columns and captures
data digitally as you draw and edit the
diagram.
Initial developed by Josh Reed for ANDRILL Project.
30. `
1pm Awesome WOW! 2PM, better than 1PM 3 PM 4pm classy group
PSICAT Stratigraphic Log Summary
32. Image J – simple analysis software
http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/
• Allows simple or complex
analysis of textures, layering,
color
• Runs on any platform, public
domain
• Allows statistics, histograms
and surface profiles to transfer
to excel.
Use your own
core images or
have students
examine cores
accessible at
CoreRef.org
Samuel Taylor Coleridge was an English poet, critic, and philosopher who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets. He is probably best known for his poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan, as well as his major prose work Biographia Literaria.
Most people do not understand geologic time.
Grotzer, T., and Bell, B., 2004, How does grasping the underlying casual structures of ecosystems impact students' understanding? J. Bio. Educ., 38, 16-29.
