The document discusses information education and communication (IEC). IEC aims to improve health by increasing awareness, knowledge, and changing behaviors. IEC uses various communication methods and principles like credibility, interest, and participation. Records and reports are important IEC tools to document health information, plan services, and evaluate programs. Telemedicine uses technology to deliver healthcare over distance, improving access in remote areas. It has advantages like reduced costs and travel time but also faces barriers like lack of infrastructure and training.

1. INFORMATION EDUCATIONAND
COMMUNICATION
PRESENTED BY :
TUSHAR KEDAR M,sc (N)

2. 
 Introduction:
 Information education is a term commonly
used and referred to by health professionals.
 The purpose of information education in
communication is to improve peoples health by
increasing awareness and knowledge and
changing attitude and behavior .

3. DEFINITION:
 “Information education and communication is an
important tool in health promotion for creating
supportive environments and strengthening
community action ,in addition to playing an
important role in changing behavior.”

4. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
 Encourage people to adopt and sustain health
promoting life style and practices .
 Promote the proper use of health service
 provide new knowledge ,improve skills and
change attitudes
 Stimulate individual and community

5. PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION :
 Credibility:
It is the degree to which the message to be
communicated is perceived as trustworthy by the
receiver. It must be consistent and compatible with
scientific knowledge.

6. CONT..
 Interest:
People are unlikely to listen to those things
which are not to their interest. Health educators
must find out the real health needs i.e. ‘felt needs’
of the people. Very often there are groups who may
have health needs of which they are not aware.

7. CONT..
 Participation:
Participation is key word in health education. It
should aim at encouraging people to work actively with
health workers and in identifying their own health
problems and also in developing solutions and plans to
work them out. It provides maximum feedback.
 Motivation:
Awakening the desire to learn is termed as
motivation. In health education people are motivated to
accept new thoughts, habits and activities.
In the language people understand

8. CONT..
 Comprehension:
In health education we must know the level of
education and literacy of people. We should always
communicate. . Teaching should be within the
mental capacity of the audience.
 Reinforcement:
Most people do not accept new facts in one
attempt. Hence repetition is necessary for effective
health education.

9. CONT..
 Setting Examples:
The health educator should set a example in
the things he is teaching.
 Good Human Relations:
Sharing information happens most easily
between people who have a good relationship.

10. CONT…
 Learning by doing:
A person can learn better by doing things in place
of hearing or seeing. Hence it is necessary to pay
more attention to active learning in health
education.
 Known to unknown:
Health education should be provided from
known to unknown and simple to complex. The
intelligence of a person should be fully exploited to
motivate him towards accepting new facts.

11. PLANNING AN IEC STRATEGY :
 IEC success when it is planned with
comprehensive strategy.
 There must be true dialogue.
 Everything cannot be changed at once .
 The timing should be appropriate.
 Information overload is to be avoided

12.  Definition:
 “ Communication is the process of
exchanging the information and the process
of generating and transmitting meanings,
between two more individuals.”

13. METHODS OF EFFECTIVE COMMMUNICATION
(SKILLS OF COMMUNICATION)
 Conversational Skills :
 Control the tone of your voice so that you are
conveying exactly what you mean to say.
 The tone should indicate interest, patience &
acceptance rather than boredom, anger & hostility.
 .

14.  CONT…
 Be knowledgeable about the topic of conversation
and have accurate information.
 Be flexible – Discuss the what receiver wants to
discuss even if you have many of things to discuss
 Be clear, concise and make statements as simple as
possible.
 Avoid words that may give two meanings.
 Be truthful.

15. LISTENING SKILLS :
 Don’t cross your arms or legs while listening
because that body language conveys a
message of being closed to the others
comments.
 Be alert and relaxed.
 Keep conversation as possible as natural.
 Indicate paying of attention in conversation.

16. CONT…..
 Think before respond.

17. SILENCE SKILLS:
 The receiver feels comfortable.
 The receiver can explore his/here inner thought.
 Excessive talking silence focus only on sender
and not on receiver.

18. ASSERTIVE SKILLS:
 The key of assertiveness is open, honest and direct
communication. The “I” statements i.e. I feel, I
know, play an important role in assertive
statements.
 Having empathy.
 Clarifying ones expectations.

19. RECORDS AND REPORTS

20. RECORDS AND REPORTS:
 RECORD:
 DEFINITION:
 “ A record is a permanent written communication
that documents information relevant to a client’s
health care management .”
 Ex. a client chart is a continuing account of
client’s health care status and need.

21. CONT..
 PURPOSES OF RECORDS:
 Supply data that essential for programme
planning and evaluation.
 To provide the practioner with data required for
the application of professional services for the
improvement of family’s health.
 Records are tools of communication between
health workers, the family and The family and
other factor other development personnel.

22. CONT…
 Effective health records show the health problem in
the family and other factor affect health.
 A record indicates plans for future.
 Records provides baseline data to estimate the long term
changes related to services.
 Records provides an opportunity for evaluating the
nursing situation or services in the family.
 .Records help in research for improvement of nursing
care

23. CONT…
 PRINCIPLES OF RECORD WRITING:
 Nurses should develop their own method of
expression and forming record writing.
 Record should be written clearly & appropriately.
 Record should contain facts based on
observation, conversation and action.

24. CONT..
 Select relevant facts and recording should be neat,
complete and uniform
 Record should be written immediately after an
interview.
 Records are confidential documents.

25. IMPORTANCE
 Recorded facts have a value and scientific accuracy for many
more than mere impression of memory.
 Records are the guidelines for better administration of family
health services and also for the new appointments .
 The services of the health personnel are reflected in case
records.
 Records are means of communication between health
workers and family.

26. CONT…
 Records save effort and money
 Records provide an opportunity for evaluating health
programme and the health services
 Records be useful as an instrument of health education
are useful in research
 Records prevent duplication of services and it helps
follow-up services effectively

27. VALUES AND USES OF RECORD
 FOR A NURSE
1. The record provides basic facts of her services done for the
family or patient.
2. Record provides the services done, what is being done, what
is to be done, and the goal to be achieved towards health.
3. Record provides basis for planning the intervention.

28. Use of Records

29.  FOR A NURSE
4. Record helps the nurse to organize her work and saves time.
5. Record serves as a guide to professional growth.
6. Record will help the nurse to evaluate the care and teaching
which she has given.
7. Records serve as communication tool between staff and
other members.
VALUES AND USES OF RECORD

30.  FOR THE DOCTOR
1. The record serves as a guide for diagnosis, treatment,
follow-up and evaluation of services.
2. Record indicate progress of the patient& continuity of care.
3. Record protect the doctor in case of legal issues.
VALUES AND USES OF RECORD

31.  FOR THE FAMILY& INDIVIDUAL
1. The records help the individual and family to become aware
of their health needs.
2. The health records or flash cards or posters or charts can be
used as a teaching tool.
3. Record serve to document the history of the client.
VALUES AND USES OF RECORD

32.  FOR A HEALTH WORKER AT VILLAGE LEVEL
1. The record help the nurse to know about the details of
pregnant women, making use of antenatal services such as
registration, history, TT immunization, feeding, antenatal
examinations and future plan for delivery and condition of
fetus etc.
VALUES AND USES OF RECORD

33. VALUES AND USES OF RECORD
2.The mother care register provides details of delivery conducted
by whom, sex of the baby, place of delivery, birth weight.
3.The birth and death register provides the number of birth and
death in a day, month and year and causes of death.
4.Growth chart provides weight taken, grades of malnutrition,
height and sickness.

34. Registering of foot prints of newly born baby

35. TYPES OF RECORDS
 CUMULATIVE/CONTINUING RECORDS
 FAMILY RECORDS
 ANECDOTAL RECORDS
 CLINICAL RECORDS

36. RECORDS IN NURSING
EDUCATION PROGRAMME
CONCERNING THE STUDENT
 Application form
 Record of students clinical experience
 Health record
 Progress report
 Cumulative record
 Internal assessment register

37. RECORDS IN NURSING
EDUCATION PROGRAMME
CONCERNING THE STAFF
 Job description.
 Records of staff members educational qualification,
experience.
 Leave record
 Health record
 Attendance register
 Confidential records

38. Computerized attendance system

39. RECORDS IN NURSING
EDUCATION PROGRAMME
RECORDS IN PHC
 General information register
 OPD register
 Prescription register
 Attendance register
 Stock register

40. RECORDS IN NURSING
EDUCATION PROGRAMME
RECORDS IN PHC
 Death and birth register
 Inspection register
 Finance record
 Morbidity record

41. RECORDS IN NURSING
EDUCATION PROGRAMME
RECORDS IN SUB-CENTER
 Mother care register
 Child care register
 Programme register
 Stock register
 Death and birth register

42. RECORDS IN NURSING
EDUCATION PROGRAMME
RECORDS IN SUB-CENTER
 Monthly report register
 Family planning register
 General information register
 School health register
 Eligible couple register

43. RECORDS IN NURSING
EDUCATION PROGRAMME
CODE NUMBERS
R1 Clinical reg
R3 Surgery carried out in PHC
R5 Family planning
R7 Malaria cases
R15 Pregnancy reg
R16 Birth record
R17 under five
R12-18 ANC

44. RECORDS IN NURSING
EDUCATION PROGRAMME
RECORDS IN HOSPITALS
 Out patient and in patient records
 Nurses records
 Doctors order sheet
 Graphic charts of TPR
 Reports of laboratory examination

45. RECORDS IN NURSING
EDUCATION PROGRAMME
RECORDS IN HOSPITALS
 Consent form
 Diet sheet
 Intake and out put chart
 Registers

46. Recording of Daily Activities

47. Doctors Recording and Reporting

48. CARE OF RECORDS
» The records are kept under safe custody of nurse in each ward
» No individual sheet is separated from complete record
» Records are kept in a place, not accessible to the clients and
visitors
» No stranger is ever permitted to read the records
» Records are not hand over to legal advisors without the written
permission of administration

49. CARE OF RECORDS
» All records are to be handled carefully
» Records could be arranged;
Alphabetically
Numerically
With index card
Geographically
» Records are never send out of the hospital without doctors
permission

51.  REPORT:
 ‘ Reports are information about a patient
either written or oral.’
 OR
 A report is summary of activities or observations
seen, performed or heard.

52.  PURPOSES OF WRITING REPORT:
 To show the kind and quantity of service
rendered to a specific period,
 To show the progress in reaching goals
 As an aid in planning.
 To interpret the service to the public and to public
and to their interesting agencies.

53.  CRITERIA OF GOOD REPORT:
 Can be made promptly
 Clear, concise and complete
 All pertinent, identifying data included
 Mention all people concerned ,situation and
signature of person making report.
 `easily understood
 Important points are emphasized.

54. ELEMENTS OF REPORT
Timings
Organization
Clarity
Brevity
Correctness
Objectivity

55. TYPES OF REPORTS
 ORAL REPORTS
 WRITTEN REPORTS
 24 hours report
 Census report
 Accident reports

56. TYPES OF REPORTS
 CHANGE-OF-SHIFT REPORTS
 Reports among members of nursing team
 Reports between head nurse and her assistant
 Reports between head nurse and nursing superintendent
 Reports to the physician

57. TYPES OF REPORTS
 TRANSFER REPORTS
 INCIDENT REPORTS
 LEGAL REPORTS

58. Reporting in Nursing

59. RESPONSIBILITY OF NURSE
 LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY
 RESPONSIBILITY IN MAINTAINING MEDICAL
RECORD
 RESPONSIBILITY IN MAINTAINING SIGNIFICANT
INFORMATION

60. RESPONSIBILITY OF NURSE
 RESPONSIBILITY IN PROVIDING A SOUND BASIS
FOR CARE PLANNING
 MAINTAINING RECORDS AND REPORTS IN A
FUNCTIONAL,ACCURATE,COMPLETE,CURRENT
ORGANISED AND
CONFIDENTIAL MANNER


61.  TELEMEDICINE.
 INTRODUCTION:
 Telemedicine is the use of information and
communications technology (ICT) for medical
diagnosis and patient care.
 Telemedicine can deliver health-care services,
where distance may be the critical factor
 The telemedicine is the method of teaching
which is used to provide education to the medical
personnel.

62. DEFINITION
The delivery of health care services, where distance is a
critical factor, by all health care professionals using
information and communication technologies for the
exchange of valid information for diagnosis, treatment,
prevention of disease, injuries, research and evaluation of
health care providers all in the interest of advancing the
health of the individual and communities”-By WHO.

63.  TYPES OF TELE-MEDICINE:
 1- Real time (synchronous).
 2- Store-and-forward (asynchronous).
 Real time (synchronous):-
It requires the presence of both parties at the
same time and a communications link between
them that allows a real-time interaction to take
place.

64.  - Store-and-forward (asynchronous):-
 Involves acquiring medical data (like
medical images, bio-signals etc) and then
transmitting this data to a doctor or medical
specialist at a convenient time for
assessment offline.

65.  ADVANTAGES:-
 Improve access to quality health service
 In emergency and critical situations
 Lessen the cost of patient transfers.
 Reduce unnecessary travel time for health
professionals

66. CONT….
 Reduction in clinical errors
 Supports local health care providers to provide
high quality care.
 For the patient it is saving of vital and crucial
time and cost of diagnosis for the doctor's
examination time is drastically reduced.

67.  BARRIERS IN TELEMEDICINE PRACTICE:
 Lack of health infrastructure and services.
 Shortage of computer and health care personnel
 Lack of training facilities with regards to the
application of ICT in medicine.
 Physician/ patient unacceptance