This document provides an overview of how computers connect to the internet and send data. It discusses how computers connect via routers, modems and ISPs. It explains that when a user enters a URL, the browser converts it to an IP address and sends the data as packets to computer servers, which then send back any data to the user's computer based on its IP address. It defines IP addresses as numerical labels assigned to internet devices, describes the IPv4 and new IPv6 formats, and concludes with the hope that this information helps understand the internet better.

1. Infocomm Project
By Group 2:
Dylan Wee
Fan KaiCheng
Fang KaiSheng
Gregory
Jia Yuan

2. Agenda
● Objectives
● How are computers connected to the
Internet?
● How is data sent over the Internet?
● What is “IP Address”?
● Conclusion

3. Objective of Project
To learn how information is sent
over the Internet and what an
IP Address is.

4. How are computers connected to the Internet?
● Your computer can be connected to the Internet via the
school’s LAN (Local Area Network).
● It can also be connected using a Router and a Modem.
● These two devices will provide a data communication
path to the Internet Service Providers (ISP) such as
SingTel, Starhub or M1.
● The equipment at the ISP will allow the connection
through to the Internet provided the correct ID and

5. How are computers connected to the Internet?
e.g. Google
Computer
ISP Server
Connect via a
Connect via a
Home computer
Home computer

6. How is data sent over the Internet?
● On the computer, an Internet browser (e.g. Internet
Explorer, Safari, Firefox) is used to compose the user’s
information request.
● For this information to be sent to the correct computer
server (e.g. Google’s computers), an address is required.
The address is known as a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
and takes the form <www.google.com>.
● The Internet Browser will convert the URL and information
into data packets and these are sent to the computer
servers.

7. How is data sent over the Internet?
● In the data packets, the URL is converted to IP Addresses.
● Your computer will also be assigned an IP address, once it
is connected to the Internet. This allows the computer
servers to send any data back to your computer.

8. What is IP Address?
● Internet Protocol (IP) Address
● A numerical label that is assigned to all devices that use the
Internet (e.g. computers, smartphones)
● Format: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. “xxx” represents a byte and ranges
from 0 to 255. This format is known as IPv4.
● With IPv4, there are 4,294,967,296 IP addresses.
● A lot of addresses but we are running out of IP addresses !
● The engineers have introduced a new IP address system, IPv6. It
can support about 3.4×1038 addresses.

9. Conclusion
Thank You!
We hope this tutorial has
helped you to understand the
Internet better.