The document discusses key concepts related to how the internet works. It defines domain names and IP addresses, with domain names being easier for users while IP addresses provide precise location information for devices. It also explains how data is broken into packets and sent over the network through packet switching, and how routers direct data packets to their destinations by choosing the best paths across networks.

1. The internet is a global computer network that links billions of devices worldwide, by using IP addresses. It provides people with services such as information and communication devices.
You can find a dictionary definition here
Domain Names & IP Addresses
Data Packets & Packet Switching
Routers

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3. A domain name is part of the URL and each part of the domain name provides information which allows web browsers to locate the web page. The IP in IP address stands for Internet Protocol. IP addresses let one device communicate with another via the internet as each device had a unique IP address made of numbers and dots. The IP address is only useful to computers whereas the domain name is more useful to the user. The IP address is the precise information however the domain name directs to where the IP address’s information is. This website uses the simile that the domain name is like the nickname for the IP addresses code which I found helpful.
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4. When data is transmitted it is broken down into smaller pieces called data packets. This definition uses the examples that every web page you open comes in a series of packets and every email you send leaves in a series of packets. Packet switching is the method where the data is split into packets and sent along a network path to the chosen IP address. Once they arrive at the destination they are joined again in the correct order, to form the original piece of data. One of the uses of this process is for data that navigates the internet. This website describes the process in more detail.
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5. Routers decide where to send data to get from one computer to another via packet switching. They are specialised computers and have to ensure that information does not go where it is not needed and that the information does reach the correct destination. They use networks and are connected to at least two. These are commonly LANs (Local Area Networks) or WANs (Wide Area Networks). Routers are at gateways where multiple networks connect and they choose the best path for forwarding the packets. This website and this website have clear and helpful definitions.
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